10 research outputs found
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study
- Author
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Ammirati Enrico
- Baddour Larry M
- Barengo Noel C
- Beaton Andrea Z
- Benjamin Emelia J
- Benziger Catherine P
- Bonny Aimé
- Brauer Michael
- Brodmann Marianne
- Cahill Thomas J
- Carapetis Jonathan
- Catapano Alberico L
- Chugh Sumeet S
- Cooper Leslie T
- Coresh Josef
- Criqui Michael
- DeCleene Nicole
- Eagle Kim A
- Johnson Catherine O
- Mensah George A
- Roth Gregory A
- Publication venue
- FIU Digital Commons
- Publication date
- 22/12/2020
- Field of study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
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- Amini Saeed
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
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- Prada Sergio I.
- Prakash Sanjay
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
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- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad H.
- Rahman Muhammad A.
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem M.
- Ranabhat Chhabi L.
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura K.
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David L.
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawat Ramu
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- Reiner Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdollahi Arash
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abualruz Hasan
- Ackerman Ilana N
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adewuyi Habeeb Omoponle
- Afyouni Shadi
- Afzal Saira
- Afzal Sina
- Agodi Antonella
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ajami Marjan
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Wardat Mohammad Sami
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alemu Meseret Desalegn
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Alharrasi Maryam
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Altaany Zaid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J
- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Safwat
- Alzoubi Karem H
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Amegbor Prince M
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson David B
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Ansari Hossein
- Antony Catherine M
- Anwar Saleha
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anwer Razique
- Anyanwu Philip Emeka
- Arab Juan Pablo
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arafat Mosab
- Araki Daniel T
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Arkew Mesay
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arndt Michael Benjamin
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Ashemo Mubarek Yesse
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Asika Marvellous O
- Askari Elaheh
- Astell-Burt Thomas
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awotidebe Adedapo Wasiu
- Awuviry-Newton Kofi
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azevedo Rui M S
- Babu Abraham Samuel
- Badar Muhammad
- Badiye Ashish D
- Baghdadi Soroush
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- Bah Sulaiman
- Bai Ruhai
- Baker Jennifer L
- Bakkannavar Shankar M
- Bako Abdulaziz T
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Bam Kiran
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Bardideh Erfan
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barrow Amadou
- Barteit Sandra
- Barua Lingkan
- Bashiri Aliabadi Somaye
- Basiru Afisu
- Basu Sanjay
- Basu Saurav
- Bathini Prapthi Persis
- Batra Kavita
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Behnam Babak
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
- Beiranvand Maryam
- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
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- Bernabe Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert S
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- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
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- Bhargava Ashish
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- Del Bo' Cristian
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- Desai Rupak
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- Dohare Sushil
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- Dorsey E Ray
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- Driscoll Tim Robert
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- Ebrahimi Alireza
- Edinur Hisham Atan
- Edvardsson David
- Eikemo Terje Andreas
- Eini Ebrahim
- Ekholuenetale Michael
- Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus
- El Sayed Iman
- El Tantawi Maha
- Elbarazi Iffat
- Elemam Noha Mousaad
- ElGohary Ghada Metwally Tawfik
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
- ELNahas Gihan
- Elshaer Mohammed
- Elsohaby Ibrahim
- Engelbert Bain Luchuo
- Erkhembayar Ryenchindorj
- Eshrati Babak
- Estep Kara
- Fabin Natalia
- Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis
- Falzone Luca
- Fareed Mohammad
- Farinha Carla Sofia e Sá
- Faris MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
- Faro Andre
- Farrokhi Pegah
- Fatehizadeh Ali
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- Ghajar Alireza
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- Ghasempour Dabaghi Ghazal
- Ghasemzadeh Afsaneh
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- Gholamrezanezhad Ali
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- Gill Tiffany K
- Ginindza Themba G
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- Goldust Mohamad
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- Guicciardi Stefano
- Gulati Snigdha
- Gulisashvili David
- Gunawardane Damitha Asanga
- Guo Cui
- Gupta Anish Kumar
- Gupta Bhawna
- Gupta Ishita
- Gupta Mohak
- Gupta Rajeev
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- Yezli Saber
- Yigzaw Zeamanuel Anteneh
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yusuf Hadiza
- Zahid Mondal Hasan
- Zakham Fathiah
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- Zamora Nelson
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- Zarrintan Armin
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Ning
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhong Panliang
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Zhaohua
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zimsen Stephanie R M
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zyoud Samer H
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
Background: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021. Interpretation: Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019
- Author
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Ammirati Enrico
- Baddour Larry M
- Barengo Noël C
- Beaton Andrea Z
- Benjamin Emelia J
- Benziger Catherine P
- Bonny Aimé
- Brauer Michael
- Brodmann Marianne
- Cahill Thomas J
- Carapetis Jonathan
- Catapano Alberico L
- Chugh Sumeet S
- Cooper Leslie T
- Coresh Josef
- Criqui Michael
- DeCleene Nicole
- Eagle Kim A
- Emmons-Bell Sophia
- Feigin Valery L
- Fernández-Solà Joaquim
- Fowkes Gerry
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Group GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing
- Grundy Scott M
- He Feng J
- Howard George
- Hu Frank
- Inker Lesley
- Johnson Catherine O
- Karthikeyan Ganesan
- Kassebaum Nicholas
- Koroshetz Walter
- Lacey Ben
- Lavie Carl
- Lloyd-Jones Donald
- Lu Hong S
- Mensah GA
- Mirijello Antonio
- Mokdad Ali
- Moraes de Oliveira Glaucia
- Moran Andrew E
- Muntner Paul
- Narula Jagat
- Neal Bruce
- Ntsekhe Mpiko
- Otto Catherine
- Roth GA
- Roth GA
- Temesgen Awoke Misganaw
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause ofglobal mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden,including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from theGlobal Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to providecomparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level datasources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deathssteadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost alsoincreased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risensteadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95%UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019.Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues itsdecades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardizedrate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries.There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the worldis to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortalitydue to noncommunicable diseases
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study
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- A Awoke
- A Ayza
- A Baptista
- A Butt
- A Faraon
- A Kibria
- A Mamun
- A Mensah
- A Ogbo
- A Pribadi
- A Rigotti
- A S
- A Singh
- A Wolfe
- Abadi K
- Abdallah M
- Abdel Douiri
- Abdelrahman I
- Abdiwahab Hashi
- Abdulkader
- Abera Getachew
- Abrha
- Abushouk
- Adam E
- Addis Aklilu
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebayo
- Adnan Kisa
- Adrian Pana
- Advani
- Afshin Zarghi
- Ahad Bakhtiari
- Ahmad A
- Ahmad Ghashghaee
- Ahmed
- Ahmed A
- Ai Koyanagi
- Aidin Abedi
- Aime Bonny
- Akram Pourshams
- Akshaya S
- Akunna
- Al-Raddadi Adeladza
- Alan D
- Alberico L
- Albertino A
- Alberto Ortiz
- Alessandra C
- Alessandra Lugo
- Alhabib Sheikh
- Ali Bijani
- Ali Kabir
- Ali Koolivand
- Ali Yadollahpour
- Alireza Abdi
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Ghajar
- Alireza Rafiei
- Alireza Zandifar
- Aljunid
- Amanda G
- Ambrish Singh
- Amin Soheili
- Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Amir Radfar
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Amit Kandel
- Ammirati Enrico
- Amugsi
- Anasthasia Zastrozhina
- Andre M
- Andrea S
- Andrea Beaton
- Andrei
- Andrew E
- Andrew T
- André Karch
- Anna A
- Anteneh Ippazio
- Anthony Rodgers
- Antonio Mirijello
- Appiah
- Arash Sarveazad
- Archith Boloor
- Arief Hargono
- Arielle W
- Arokiasamy Perianayagam
- Artanti
- Arya Aminorroaya
- Ashkan Afshin
- Ashwin Kamath
- Asma T
- Atif A
- Atkilt E
- Atta Abbas
- Atte Meretoja
- Avirup Guha
- Avnish Tripathi
- Avula Laxmaiah
- Awan Mamaru
- Awoke T
- Ayele Muluken
- Ayele Semachew
- Ayenew K
- Ayesha Humayun
- Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- Azeem Majeed
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Aziz Rezapour
- Aziz Sheikh
- B
- B Jonas
- B Tadesse
- Babak Moazen
- Baddour Noel
- Baddour Larry M
- Baig
- Banik Emerson
- Barboza
- Barengo Noël C
- Barthelemy Kuate
- Bartosz Miazgowski
- Baye Dagnew
- Beaton Andrea Z
- Befikadu Legesse
- Ben Lacey
- Benjamin A
- Benjamin Catherine
- Benjamin Emelia J
- Bennett Isabela
- Benny Antony
- Benziger Catherine P
- Berhane F
- Berman Yihienew
- Bhagavathula
- Bhaskar Thakur
- Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Bingyu Li
- Binod Timalsina
- Birhanu
- Biruk S
- Bo Norrving
- Bonny Aimé
- Boris Bikbov
- Brant
- Brauer Michael
- Brigid Unim
- Briko Zahid
- Brodmann Marianne
- Bruce B
- Bruce Neal
- Bruno R
- Budi Aji
- Burden of
- C Barengo
- C Katoto
- C Nayak
- C Truelsen
- Caetano Dos
- Cahill Jonathan
- Cahill Thomas J
- Carapetis Jonathan
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Carl Lavie
- Carlos A
- Carlos Cantu-Brito
- Carlota Fernandez
- Carrero
- Castañeda-Orjuela
- Catalina Liliana
- Catapano
- Catapano Alberico L
- Catherine M
- Catherine O
- Charles D
- Charles U
- Chattu
- Chenwen Zhong
- Chin Jee-Young
- Chisom J
- Christoph Nowak
- Christopher J
- Christopher S
- Chuanhua Yu
- Chugh Sumeet S
- Cirillo Massimo
- Claudiu Herteliu
- Cooper
- Cooper Leslie T
- Coresh Josef
- Cosimo Antonazzo
- Costa David
- Craig A
- Criqui Nicole
- Criqui Michael
- Cámera Ismael
- D M
- Daniel Diaz
- Dara K
- Darshan B
- David Flood
- De la
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- DeCleene Nicole
- Defo Burcu
- Derrick A
- Dharmaratne
- Dhaval Kolte
- Dhungana
- Dian Kusuma
- Diana Z
- Dickson A
- Dilaram Acharya
- Dimas R
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Duncan Andre
- E Cahill
- E Ibitoye
- E Nouthe
- E Schutte
- Eagan
- Eagle
- Eagle Kim A
- Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Eduarda Fernandes
- Ejaz A
- El-Jaafary
- Elena V
- Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Emelia J
- Emerito Jose
- Emma E
- Emmanuela Gakidou
- Emmons-Bell Sophia
- Enrico Ammirati
- Erkin M
- Ester Cerin
- Etisso
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- Eyayou G
- F Gerry
- F Pepito
- Fabiana Madotto
- Fakher Rahim
- Fang Wang
- Farahnaz Joukar
- Fares Alahdab
- Farhad Pishgar
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- Farshad Farzadfar
- Fatemeh Pashazadeh
- Feigin
- Feigin Valery L
- Felix Carvalho
- Feng Sha
- Fernando P
- Fernández-Solà Joaquim
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Florentino Luciano
- Florian Fischer
- Fowkes Gerry
- Frank Hu
- François Alla
- Fuster Valentin
- G Anil
- G Gebregiorgis
- G Gebremeskel
- G Mantovani
- Gad
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Ganesan Karthikeyan
- GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global
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- Gebre Birhan
- Gebregzabiher Gebreamlak
- Geevar Zachariah
- Gelin Xu
- Gene F
- George Howard
- Ghobad Moradi
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Giampiero Mazzaglia
- Giang T
- Gilani Paramjit
- Gillum Ekaterina
- Gina Agarwal
- Giovanni Addolorato
- Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Gláucia M
- Gnedovskaya
- Godfrey M
- Golnaz Heidari
- Gonfa Amir
- Goulart Jenny
- Graeme J
- Gregory A
- Grundy Feng
- Grundy Scott M
- Guesh M
- Gulam M
- Günther Deuschl
- H Mokdad
- H Weldemariam
- H Zuniga
- Hai Q
- Haile Randah
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Hamid Y
- Hamideh Salimzadeh
- Hankey
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- Hartono
- Hasan Yusefzadeh
- Hassen Rasmus
- Hay
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- Henok T
- Hermann Brenner
- Himal Kandel
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- Hiroyasu Iso
- Hong S
- Hooman Tadbiri
- Hossein Goudarzian
- Howard George
- Hoz Jan-Walter
- Hu Frank
- Hualiang Lin
- Hubert Amu
- Huong L
- Ibeneme Segun
- Ibrahim Kamel
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- Ilic
- Imad I
- Inker Lesley
- Irina Filip
- Irmina Maria
- Islam
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- Izza Shahid
- J Choi
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- J Koroshetz
- J Nagarajan
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- Jacek J
- Jae Il
- Jagat Narula
- Jakub Morze
- Jalaj Garg
- Jalal Arabloo
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- Jayapal
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- Jingkai Wei
- Jitendra Jonnagaddala
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- Johnson
- Johnson Catherine O
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- Josip Car
- Jozwiak
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- Junjie Huang
- Juwel Rana
- K Amegah
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- K Patel
- Kairat Davletov
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- Kasa Patrick
- Kassebaum Walter
- Kassebaum Nicholas
- Kate E
- Kavumpurathu R
- Kayode Yousef
- Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Kebebe B
- Ken L
- Kerem Shuval
- Kewal Krishan
- Khaled Khatab
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- Kidane Z
- Kim A
- Kim Gyu
- Kimokoti
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- Koroshetz Walter
- Korshunov Sindhura
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- Krittika Bhattacharyya
- Kucuk Bicer
- Kumar
- Kurmi
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- Kwan Carlo
- L Murray
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- Lakshmi Koulmane
- Lal Rawal
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- Lassi
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- Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado
- Luis A
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- Meseret Derbew
- Mete Saylan
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- Michael H
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- Michael Pratt
- Michalek Ted
- Michele Romoli
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- Mihaela Hostiuc
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- Mikk Jürisson
- Milad Nazarzadeh
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- Mirrakhimov
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- Yacoub Magdi
- Yan
- Yannick Béjot
- Yanzhong Wang
- Yaser Mokhayeri
- Yasir Waheed
- Yeheyis
- Yigizie Yeshaw
- Yilgwan
- Yonas Akalu
- Yousef Mohammad
- Yuichiro Yano
- Yuming Guo
- Yun Jin
- Yunquan Zhang
- Yves Miel
- Zaman Muhammed
- Zanfina Ademi
- Zastrozhin
- Zelalem A
- Zerihun Ataro
- Zhi-Jiang Zhang
- Zhiyong Zou
- Ziqiang Lin
- Zohra S
- Zuhlke
- Zuhlke Liesl
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022
- Author
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdollahi Ashkan
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdulah Deldar Morad
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abebe Ayele Mamo
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Armita
- Abiodun Olugbenga Olusola
- Abkenar Yasaman Taheri
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.E.
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adane Tigist Demssew
- Adderley Nicola J.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Aden Bashir
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Afrashteh Fatemeh
- Afyouni Shadi
- Afzal Saira
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agodi Antonella
- Aguilera Arriagada Constanza Elizabeth
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M.
- Ahmed Malik Muhammad Sajeel
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Ala Moein
- Alalalmeh Samer O.
- Alam Nazmul
- Alashi Alaa
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T.
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- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Ali AL-Ahdal Tareq Mohammed
- Ali Hiwa Abubaker
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
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- Oluwatunase Gideon Olamilekan
- Omer Goran Latif
- Ommati Mohammad Mehdi
- Ong Kanyin Liane
- Ong Sokking
- Onyedibe Kenneth Ikenna
- Ordak Michal
- Ortega-Altamirano Doris V.
- Ortiz Alberto
- Ortiz-Prado Esteban
- Osman Wael M.S.
- Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi
- Otoiu Adrian
- Otstavnov Stanislav S.
- Owolabi Mayowa O.
- Padron-Monedero Alicia
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Padukudru P A Mahesh
- Palicz Tamás
- Palladino Raffaele
- Pan Feng
- Pan Hai-Feng
- Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu R.
- Papadopoulou Paraskevi
- Park Seoyeon
- Passera Roberto
- Patel Jay
- Patil Shankargouda
- Patoulias Dimitrios
- Patthipati Venkata Suresh
- Pawar Shrikant
- Peden Amy E.
- Pedersini Paolo
- Peng Minjin
- Peprah Emmanuel K.
- Pereira Marcos
- Pereira Maria Odete
- Peres Mario F.P.
- Perianayagam Arokiasamy
- Perico Norberto
- Petermann-Rocha Fanny Emily
- Pham Hoang Tran
- Philip Anil K.
- Phuong Do Thao Huynh
- Pigott David M.
- Pilgrim Thomas
- Piradov Michael A.
- Plotnikov Evgenii
- Poddighe Dimitri
- Polibin Roman V.
- Poluru Ramesh
- Pourali Ghazaleh
- Pourshams Akram
- Prasad D. R. Mahadeshwara
- Prasad Manya
- Purohit Bharathi M.
- pursuing PhD.
- Puvvula Jagadeesh
- Qattea Ibrahim
- Qian Gangzhen
- Qureshi Maryam Faiz
- Rabiee rad Mehrdad
- Rad Elaheh Malakan
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiei Alavi Seyedeh Niloufar
- Rafique Ibrar
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahim Md Jillur
- Rahimi Mehran
- Rahman Dewan Syed Masudur
- Rahman Mosiur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahmani Amir Masoud
- Rahmani Bita
- Rahmani Shayan
- Rahmanian Vahid
- Rai Pramila
- Rajaa Sathish
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajput Prashant
- Ram Pradhum
- Ram Prasanna
- Rama Krishna Reddy Murali Mohan
- Ramalingam Sudha
- Ramasamy Shakthi Kumaran
- Ramazanu Sheena
- Ramesh Pushkal Sinduvadi
- Rana Juwel
- Rana Kritika
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Rancic Nemanja
- Rane Amey
- Ranjan Shubham
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Indu Ramachandra
- Rao Mithun
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rashedi Sina
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rashid Ahmed Mustafa
- Rasul Azad
- Ratan Zubair Ahmed
- Ravikumar Nakul
- Rawaf Salman
- Razeghian-Jahromi Iman
- Razo Christian
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Reyes Luis Felipe
- Rezaei Nazila
- Rezaeian Mohsen
- Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P.
- Ribeiro Daniela
- Rikhtegar Reza
- Roever Leonardo
- Romadlon Debby Syahru
- Ronfani Luca
- Roth Gregory A.
- Roth Gregory A.
- Roy Nitai
- Roy Priyanka
- Rynkiewicz Andrzej
- Saad Aly M.A.
- Saadatian Zahra
- Sabour Siamak
- Sacco Simona
- Sachdeva Rajesh
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Erfan
- Sady Prates Elton Junio
- Saeed Al-Gheethi Adel Ali
- Saeed Umar
- Safaeinejad Fahimeh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahoo Soumya Swaroop
- Sajedi Seyed Aidin
- Sajid Mirza Rizwan
- Sakilah Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas
- Sakshaug Joseph W.
- Salam Nasir
- Salami Afeez Abolarinwa
- Saleh Mohamed A.
- Salehi Sana
- Salem Marwa Rashad
- Salem Mohammed Z.Y.
- Samadzadeh Sara
- Samargandy Saad
- Samuel Vijaya Paul
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanjeev Rama Krishna
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M.
- Sarasmita Made Ary
- Saravanan Aswini
- Sarikhani Yaser
- Sarkar Tanmay
- Sarmiento-Suárez Rodrigo
- Sarode Gargi Sachin
- Sarode Sachin C.
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Sathyanarayan Anudeep
- Sawhney Monika
- Sayyah Mehdi
- Scarmeas Nikolaos
- Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
- Schuermans Art
- Schumacher Austin E.
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwebel David C.
- Sci (Med) Cand of
- Sedighi Mansour
- Seidu Abdul-Aziz
- Sekhar Rout Himanshu Sehar
- Semnani Farbod
- Senapati Sabyasachi
- Sengupta Pallav
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Sethi Yashendra
- Seyedi Seyed Arsalan
- Seylani Allen
- Shabany Maryam
- Shafeghat Melika
- Shafie Mahan
- Shah Pritik A.
- Shahbandi Ataollah
- Shahid Izza
- Shahid Samiah
- Shahid Wajeehah
- Shahrokh Abadi Reza Nejad
- Shahwan Moyad Jamal
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Sham Sunder
- Shamim Muhammad Aaqib
- Shanawaz Mohd
- Sharfaei Sadaf
- Sharif-Askari Fatemeh Saheb
- Sharif-Askari Narjes Saheb
- Sharifan Amin
- Sharifi-Rad Javad
- Shariful Islam Sheikh Mohammed
- Sharma Purva
- Sharma Saurab
- Sharma Ujjawal
- Sharma Vishal
- Sheikh Aziz
- Shiferaw Desalegn Shiferaw
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Min-Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shishani Kawkab
- Shittu Aminu
- Shiue Ivy
- Shivakumar K.M.
- Shrestha Sunil
- Shujait Ali Syed Shujait
- Shuval Kerem
- Sibhat Migbar Mekonnen
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Simpson Colin R.
- Singh Pradhan Pranil Man
- Singh Abhinav
- Singh Aditya
- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Paramdeep
- Singh Rajat
- Singh Surjit
- Siraj Md Shahjahan
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Skryabina Anna Aleksandrovna
- Sleet David A.
- Sofia e Sá Farinha Carla
- Soleimani Hamidreza
- Solikhah Solikhah
- Soliman Sameh S.M.
- Son Juyeon
- Song Suhang
- Song Yi
- Soriano Joan B.
- Spartalis Michael
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srikanth Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Stafford Lauryn K.
- Stark Benjamin A.
- Steiropoulos Paschalis
- Stortecky Stefan
- Sultana Abida
- Sundström Johan
- Swain Chandan Kumar
- Swamy Sreenivas Narasimha
- Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad
- Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir
- Tabatabai Shima
- Tabb Karen M.
- Tabish Mohammad
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Tadese Fentaw
- Taiba Jabeen
- Tajrishi Farbod Zahedi
- Talaat Iman M.
- Tampa Mircea
- Tan Ker-Kan
- Tang Haosu
- Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang
- Tat Nathan Y.
- Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
- Tehrani Hadi
- Teimoori Mojtaba
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Teramoto Masayuki
- Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
- Thanh Le Trang Diep
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapa Rajshree
- Thapar Rekha
- Thavamani Aravind
- Thayakaran Rasiah
- Thomas Nikhil Kenny
- Thu Le Thao Thi
- Tian Jing
- Tichopad Ales
- Tillawi Tala
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Tran Jasmine T.
- Tran Nghia Minh
- Tri Tai Truyen Thien Tan
- Trihandini Indang
- Tripathi Avnish
- Tromans Samuel Joseph
- Truong Vien T.
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tsegay Guesh Mebrahtom
- Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini
- Tumurkhuu Munkhtuya
- Tung Kang
- Ubah Chukwudi S.
- Udoakang Aniefiok John
- Udoh Arit
- Ullah Atta
- Ullah Sana
- Umair Muhammad
- Umar Tungki Pratama
- Unim Brigid
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Usman Jibrin Sammani
- Vahabi Seyed Mohammad
- Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj
- Valizadeh Rohollah
- Van den Eynde Jef
- Van Tran Phu
- Vardanjani Hossein Molavi
- Varga Orsolya
- Varma Siddhartha Alluri
- Varnosfaderani Mahsa Pahlavikhah
- Vart Priya
- Varthya Shoban Babu
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vellingiri Balachandar
- Vervoort Dominique
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Violante Francesco S.
- Viskadourou Maria
- Volovat Simona Ruxandra
- Vos Theo
- Vujcic Isidora S.
- Wafa Hatem A.
- Wahab Feras
- Wang Cong
- Wang Fang
- Wang Nelson
- Wang Shu
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Wei Melissa Y.
- Werdecker Andrea
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilandika Angga
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wolfe Charles D.A.
- Wongsin Utoomporn
- Wu Zenghong
- Xiao Hong
- Xu Suowen
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Yadav Lalit
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaribeygi Habib
- Yasufuku Yuichi
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yperzeele Laetitia
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yunusa Ismaeel
- Zafari Nima
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zeineddine Mohammad A.
- Zemedikun Dawit T.
- Zeng Youjie
- Zhai Chunxia
- Zhang Chen
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Hongwei
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Ning
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zheng Peng
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Shuduo
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Lei
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zikarg Yossef Teshome
- Zmaili Mohammad
- Zoeckler Leo Zucker
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H.
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Publication venue
- Elsevier Inc.
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd Elhafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdollahi Arash
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abeldaño Zuñiga Roberto Ariel
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen Me
- Abualruz Hasan
- Ackerman Ilana
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adewuyi Habeeb Omoponle
- Afyouni Shadi
- Afzal Saira
- Afzal Sina
- Agodi Antonella
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Luai
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ajami Marjan
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Wardat Mohammad Sami
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Alalalmeh Samer
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- Aldridge Robert
- Alemu Meseret Desalegn
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Alharrasi Maryam
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Alomari Mahmoud
- Altaany Zaid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson
- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Safwat
- Alzoubi Karem
- Amare Azmeraw
- Amegbor Prince
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amugsi Dickson
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson David
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Ansari Hossein
- Antony Catherine
- Anwar Saleha
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anwer Razique
- Anyanwu Philip Emeka
- Arab Juan Pablo
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arafat Mosab
- Araki Daniel
- Aravkin Aleksandr
- Arkew Mesay
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arndt Michael Benjamin
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Ashemo Mubarek Yesse
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Asika Marvellous
- Askari Elaheh
- Astell-Burt Thomas
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'D Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awotidebe Adedapo Wasiu
- Awuviry-Newton Kofi
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azevedo Rui
- Babu Abraham Samuel
- Badar Muhammad
- Badiye Ashish
- Baghdadi Soroush
- Bagheri Nasser
- Bah Sulaiman
- Bai Ruhai
- Baker Jennifer
- Bakkannavar Shankar
- Bako Abdulaziz
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Bam Kiran
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Bardideh Erfan
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barrow Amadou
- Barteit Sandra
- Barua Lingkan
- Bashiri Aliabadi Somaye
- Basiru Afisu
- Basu Sanjay
- Basu Saurav
- Bathini Prapthi Persis
- Batra Kavita
- Baune Bernhard
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Behnam Babak
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
- Beiranvand Maryam
- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
- Bell Michelle
- Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja
- Beloukas Apostolos
- Bensenor Isabela
- Berezvai Zombor
- Bernabe Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert
- Bettencourt Paulo
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet
- Bhatti Rajbir
- Bhutta Zulfiqar
- Bikbov Boris
- Bishai Jessica Devin
- Bisignano Catherine
- Bitra Veera
- Bjørge Tone
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
- Bogale Eyob Ketema
- Bonakdar Hashemi Milad
- Bonny Aime
- Bora Basara Berrak
- Borhany Hamed
- Boxe Christopher
- Brady Oliver
- Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brant Luisa
- Brauer Michael
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Brown Julie
- Brugha Traolach
- Bulamu Norma
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burkart Katrin
- Burns Richard
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Zahid
- Byun Justin
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Calina Daniela
- Campos-Nonato Ismael
- Cao Chao
- Capodici Angelo
- Carr Sinclair
- Carreras Giulia
- Carugno Andrea
- Carvalho Márcia
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Catapano Alberico
- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
- Caye Arthur
- Cegolon Luca
- Cembranel Francieli
- Cenderadewi Muthia
- Cerin Ester
- Chakraborty Promit Ananyo
- Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai
- Chan Raymond
- Chandika Rama Mohan
- Chandrasekar Eeshwar
- Charalampous Periklis
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria
- Chen An-Tian
- Chen Angela
- Chen Catherine
- Chen Haowei
- Chen Nathalie
- Cheng Esther
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Chimoriya Ritesh
- Ching Patrick
- Cho William
- Choi Sungchul
- Chong Bryan
- Chong Yuen Yu
- Choudhari Sonali Gajanan
- Chowdhury Rajiv
- Christensen Steffan Wittrup Mcphee
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Chukwu Isaac Sunday
- Chung Eric
- Chung Eunice
- Chutiyami Muhammad
- Claassens Mareli
- Cogen Rebecca
- Columbus Alyssa
- Conde Joao
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Cousin Ewerton
- Criqui Michael
- Cruz-Martins Natália
- Cámera Luis Alberto
- d'Oria Mario
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Siyu
- Dai Xiaochen
- Dai Zhaoli
- Dalaba Maxwell Ayindenaba
- Damiani Giovanni
- Das Jai
- Das Saswati
- Dashti Mohsen
- Davletov Kairat
- de Leo Diego
- Debele Aklilu Tamire
- Debopadhaya Shayom
- Decleene Nicole
- Deeba Farah
- Degenhardt Louisa
- del Bo Cristian
- Delgado-Enciso Ivan
- Demetriades Andreas
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Desai Hardik Dineshbhai
- Desai Rupak
- Deuba Keshab
- Dhama Kuldeep
- Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda
- Dhingra Sameer
- Dias da Silva Diana
- Diaz Daniel
- Diaz Luis Antonio
- Diaz Michael
- Dima Adriana
- Ding Delaney
- Dirac M Ashworth
- Do Prado Camila Bruneli
- Do Thao Huynh Phuong
- Dohare Sushil
- Dominguez Regina-Mae Villanueva
- Dong Wanyue
- Dongarwar Deepa
- Dorsey E Ray
- Doshmangir Leila
- Dowou Robert Kokou
- Driscoll Tim Robert
- Dsouza Haneil Larson
- Dsouza Viola
- Dube John
- Dumith Samuel
- Duncan Bruce
- Duraes Andre Rodrigues
- Duraisamy Senbagam
- Durojaiye Oyewole Christopher
- Dzianach Paulina Agnieszka
- Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian
- Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
- Eboreime Ejemai
- Ebrahimi Alireza
- Edinur Hisham Atan
- Edvardsson David
- Eikemo Terje Andreas
- Eini Ebrahim
- Ekholuenetale Michael
- Ekundayo Temitope Cyrus
- El Sayed Iman
- El Tantawi Maha
- Elbarazi Iffat
- Elemam Noha Mousaad
- Elgohary Ghada Metwally Tawfik
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elmeligy Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
- Elnahas Gihan
- Elshaer Mohammed
- Elsohaby Ibrahim
- Engelbert Bain Luchuo
- Erkhembayar Ryenchindorj
- Eshrati Babak
- Estep Kara
- Fabin Natalia
- Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis
- Falzone Luca
- Fareed Mohammad
- Farinha Carla Sofia E Sá
- Faris Moezalislam Ezzat Mahmoud
- Faro Andre
- Farrokhi Pegah
- Fatehizadeh Ali
- Fauk Nelsensius Klau
- Feigin Valery
- Feng Xiaoqi
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Feroze Abdullah Hamid
- Ferrari Alize
- Ferreira Nuno
- Ferreira Paulo
- Fischer Florian
- Flavel Joanne
- Flood David
- Flor Luisa
- Foigt Nataliya
- Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin
- Force Lisa
- Fortuna Daniela
- Foschi Matteo
- Franklin Richard Charles
- Freitas Alberto
- Fukumoto Takeshi
- Furtado João
- Gaal Peter Andras
- Gadanya Muktar
- Gaidhane Abhay Motiramji
- Gaihre Santosh
- Galali Yaseen
- Ganbat Mandukhai
- Gandhi Aravind
- Ganesan Balasankar
- Ganie Mohd Ashraf
- Ganiyani Mohammad Arfat
- Gardner William
- Gebi Tilaye Gebru
- Gebregergis Miglas
- Gebrehiwot Mesfin
- Gebremariam Tesfay
- Gebremeskel Teferi Gebru
- Gela Yibeltal Yismaw
- Georgescu Simona Roxana
- Getachew Obsa Abera
- Gething Peter
- Getie Molla
- Ghadiri Keyghobad
- Ghadirian Fataneh
- Ghailan Khalid Yaser
- Ghajar Alireza
- Ghasemi Mohammadreza
- Ghasempour Dabaghi Ghazal
- Ghasemzadeh Afsaneh
- Ghazy Ramy Mohamed
- Gholamrezanezhad Ali
- Ghorbani Mahsa
- Ghotbi Elena
- Gibson Ruth Margaret
- Gill Tiffany
- Ginindza Themba
- Girmay Alem
- Glasbey James
- Godinho Myron Anthony
- Goharinezhad Salime
- Goldust Mohamad
- Golechha Mahaveer
- Goleij Pouya
- Gona Philimon
- Gorini Giuseppe
- Goulart Alessandra
- Grada Ayman
- Grivna Michal
- Guan Shi-Yang
- Guarducci Giovanni
- Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
- Gudeta Mesay Dechasa
- Guha Avirup
- Guicciardi Stefano
- Gulati Snigdha
- Gulisashvili David
- Gunawardane Damitha Asanga
- Guo Cui
- Gupta Anish Kumar
- Gupta Bhawna
- Gupta Ishita
- Gupta Mohak
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gupta Veer Bala
- Gupta Vijai Kumar
- Gupta Vivek Kumar
- Gutiérrez Reyna Alma
- Göbölös Laszlo
- Habibzadeh Farrokh
- Habibzadeh Parham
- Haddadi Rasool
- Hadi Najah
- Haep Nils
- Hafezi-Nejad Nima
- Hafiz Abdul
- Hagins Hailey
- Halboub Esam
- Halimi Aram
- Haller Sebastian
- Halwani Rabih
- Hamilton Erin
- Hankey Graeme
- Hannan Md Abdul
- Haque Md Nuruzzaman
- Harapan Harapan
- Haro Josep Maria
- Hartvigsen Jan
- Hasaballah Ahmed
- Hasan Ikramul
- Hasanian Mohammad
- Hasnain Md Saquib
- Hassan Amr
- Haubold Johannes
- Havmoeller Rasmus
- Hay Simon
- Hayat Khezar
- Hebert Jeffrey
- Hegazi Omar
- Heidari Golnaz
- Helfer Bartosz
- Hemmati Mehdi
- Hendrie Delia
- Henson Claire
- Hezam Kamal
- Hiraike Yuta
- Hoan Nguyen Quoc
- Holla Ramesh
- Hon Julia
- Hossain Md Mahbub
- Hosseinzadeh Hassan
- Hosseinzadeh Mehdi
- Hostiuc Mihaela
- Hostiuc Sorin
- Hsu Johnathan
- Huang Junjie
- Hugo Fernando
- Hushmandi Kiavash
- Hussain Javid
- Hussein Nawfal
- Huynh Chantal
- Huynh Hong-Han
- Hwang Bing-Fang
- Iannucci Vincent
- Ihler Audrey
- Ikiroma Adalia
- Ikuta Kevin
- Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen
- Ilic Irena
- Ilic Milena
- Imam Mohammad Tarique
- Immurana Mustapha
- Irham Lalu Muhammad
- Islam Md Rabiul
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Islami Farhad
- Ismail Faisal
- Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah
- Isola Gaetano
- Iwagami Masao
- Iwu Chidozie
- Iyer Mahalaxmi
- Jaafari Jalil
- Jacobsen Kathryn
- Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad
- Jafarinia Morteza
- Jaggi Khushleen
- Jahankhani Kasra
- Jahanmehr Nader
- Jahrami Haitham
- Jain Akhil
- Jain Nityanand
- Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman
- Jaiswal Abhishek
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim
- Javadov Sabzali
- Javaheri Tahereh
- Jayapal Sathish Kumar
- Jayaram Shubha
- Jee Sun Ha
- Jeganathan Jayakumar
- Jeyakumar Angeline
- Jha Anil
- Jiang Heng
- Jin Yinzi
- Jonas Jost
- Joo Tamas
- Joseph Abel
- Joseph Nitin
- Joshua Charity Ehimwenma
- Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy
- Jürisson Mikk
- K Vaishali
- Kaambwa Billingsley
- Kabir Ali
- Kabir Zubair
- Kadashetti Vidya
- Kalani Rizwan
- Kalankesh Leila
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- Kalra Sanjay
- Kamenov Kaloyan
- Kamyari Naser
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- Kandel Himal
- Kanmanthareddy Arun
- Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem
- Kantar Rami
- Karaye Ibraheem
- Karim Asima
- Karimi Salah Eddin
- Karimi Yeganeh
- Kasraei Hengameh
- Kassel Molly
- Kauppila Joonas
- Kawakami Norito
- Kayode Gbenga
- Kazemi Foad
- Kazemian Sina
- Keikavoosi-Arani Leila
- Keller Cathleen
- Kempen John
- Kerr Jessica
- Keshtkar Kamyab
- Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
- Keykhaei Mohammad
- Khajuria Himanshu
- Khalaji Amirmohammad
- Khalid Asaad
- Khalid Nauman
- Khalilian Alireza
- Khamesipour Faham
- Khan Asaduzzaman
- Khan Ikramullah
- Khan Maseer
- Khan Moien Ab
- Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh
- Khatab Khaled
- Khatami Fatemeh
- Khatatbeh Moawiah Mohammad
- Khater Amir
- Khayat Kashani Hamid Reza
- Khidri Feriha Fatima
- Khodadoust Elaheh
- Khormali Moein
- Khorrami Zahra
- Kifle Zemene Demelash
- Kim Min Seo
- Kimokoti Ruth
- Kisa Adnan
- Kisa Sezer
- Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo
- Kocarnik Jonathan
- Kochhar Sonali
- Koh Hyun Yong
- Kolahi Ali-Asghar
- Kompani Farzad
- Koren Gerbrand
- Korzh Oleksii
- Kosen Soewarta
- Koulmane Laxminarayana Sindhura Lakshmi
- Krishan Kewal
- Krishna Varun
- Krishnamoorthy Vijay
- Kuate Defo Barthelemy
- Kuddus Md Abdul
- Kuddus Mohammed
- Kuitunen Ilari
- Kulkarni Vishnutheertha
- Kumar Manasi
- Kumar Nithin
- Kumar Rakesh
- Kurmi Om
- Kusuma Dian
- Kyu Hmwe Hmwe
- La Vecchia Carlo
- Lacey Ben
- Ladan Muhammad Awwal
- Laflamme Lucie
- Lafranconi Alessandra
- Lahariya Chandrakant
- Lai Daphne Teck Ching
- Lal Dharmesh Kumar
- Lalloo Ratilal
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- Lan Qing
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- Landires Iván
- Lanfranchi Francesco
- Langguth Berthold
- Laplante-Lévesque Ariane
- Larijani Bagher
- Larsson Anders
- Lasrado Savita
- Lauriola Paolo
- Le Huu-Hoai
- Le Long Khanh Dao
- Le Nhi Huu Hanh
- Le Trang Diep Thanh
- Leasher Janet
- Ledda Caterina
- Lee Munjae
- Lee Paul
- Lee Sang-Woong
- Lee Seung Won
- Lee Wei-Chen
- Lee Yo Han
- Legrand Kate
- Lenzi Jacopo
- Leong Elvynna
- Leung Janni
- Li Ming-Chieh
- Li Wei
- Li Xiaopan
- Li Yichong
- Li Yongze
- Lim Lee-Ling
- Lim Stephen
- Lindstrom Megan
- Linn Shai
- Liu Gang
- Liu Runben
- Liu Shiwei
- Liu Wei
- Liu Xiaofeng
- Liu Xuefeng
- Llanaj Erand
- Lo Chun-Han
- Loreche Arianna Maever
- Lorenzovici László
- Lozano Rafael
- Lubinda Jailos
- Lucchetti Giancarlo
- Lunevicius Raimundas
- Lusk Jay
- Lv Hengliang
- Lám Judit
- López-Bueno Rubén
- Ma Zheng Feei
- Machairas Nikolaos
- Madureira-Carvalho Áurea
- Magaña Gómez Javier
- Maghazachi Azzam
- Maharjan Preeti
- Mahasha Phetole Walter
- Maheri Mina
- Mahjoub Soleiman
- Mahmoud Mansour Adam
- Mahmoudi Elham
- Majeed Azeem
- Makris Konstantinos Christos
- Malakan Rad Elaheh
- Malhotra Kashish
- Malik Ahmad Azam
- Malik Iram
- Malta Deborah Carvalho
- Manla Yosef
- Mansour Ali
- Mansouri Pejman
- Mansournia Mohammad Ali
- Mantilla Herrera Ana
- Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni
- Manu Emmanuel
- Marateb Hamid Reza
- Mardi Parham
- Martinez Gabriel
- Martinez-Piedra Ramon
- Martini Daniela
- Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio
- Martorell Miquel
- Marx Wolfgang
- Maryam Sharmeen
- Marzo Roy Rillera
- Mathangasinghe Yasith
- Mathieson Stephanie
- Mathioudakis Alexander
- Mattumpuram Jishanth
- Maugeri Andrea
- Mayeli Mahsa
- Mazidi Mohsen
- Mazzotti Antonio
- Mcgrath John
- Mckee Martin
- Mckowen Anna Laura W
- Mcphail Michael
- Mehrabani-Zeinabad Kamran
- Mehrabi Nasab Entezar
- Mekene Meto Tesfahun
- Mendoza Walter
- Menezes Ritesh
- Mensah George
- Mentis Alexios-Fotios
- Meo Sultan Ayoub
- Meresa Haftu Asmerom
- Meretoja Atte
- Meretoja Tuomo
- Mersha Abera
- Mestrovic Tomislav
- Mettananda Kukulege Chamila Dinushi
- Mettananda Sachith
- Michalek Irmina Maria
- Miller Paul Anthony
- Miller Ted
- Mills Edward
- Minh Le Huu Nhat
- Mirijello Antonio
- Mirrakhimov Erkin
- Mirutse Mizan Kiros
- Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad
- Mirzaei Maryam
- Mirzaei Roya
- Misganaw Awoke
- Mishra Ajay Kumar
- Mitchell Philip
- Mittal Chaitanya
- Moazen Babak
- Moberg Madeline
- Mohamed Jama
- Mohamed Mouhand
- Mohamed Nouh Saad
- Mohammadi Esmaeil
- Mohammadi Soheil
- Mohammed Hussen
- Mohammed Salahuddin
- Mohammed Shafiu
- Mohr Robin
- Mokdad Ali
- Molinaro Sabrina
- Momtazmanesh Sara
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Mondello Stefania
- Moodi Ghalibaf Amirali
- Moradi Maryam
- Moradi Yousef
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moraga Paula
- Morawska Lidia
- Moreira Rafael Silveira
- Morovatdar Negar
- Morrison Shane Douglas
- Morze Jakub
- Mosapour Abbas
- Mosser Jonathan
- Mossialos Elias
- Motappa Rohith
- Mougin Vincent
- Mouodi Simin
- Mrejen Matías
- Msherghi Ahmed
- Mubarik Sumaira
- Mueller Ulrich Otto
- Mulita Francesk
- Munjal Kavita
- Murillo-Zamora Efrén
- Murlimanju Bv
- Murray Christopher
- Mustafa Ghulam
- Muthu Sathish
- Muzaffar Muhammad
- Myung Woojae
- Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman
- Naghavi Pirouz
- Naik Ganesh
- Nainu Firzan
- Nair Sanjeev
- Najmuldeen Hastyar Hama Rashid
- Nangia Vinay
- Naqvi Atta Abbas
- Narayana Aparna Ichalangod
- Nargus Shumaila
- Nascimento Gustavo
- Nashwan Abdulqadir
- Nasrollahizadeh Ali
- Nasrollahizadeh Amir
- Natto Zuhair
- Nayak Biswa Prakash
- Nayak Vinod
- Nduaguba Sabina Onyinye
- Negash Hadush
- Negoi Ionut
- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
- Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
- Nesbit Olivia
- Netsere Henok Biresaw
- Ng Marie
- Nguefack-Tsague Georges
- Ngunjiri Josephine
- Nguyen Dang
- Nguyen Hien Quang
- Niazi Robina Khan
- Nikolouzakis Taxiarchis Konstantinos
- Nikoobar Ali
- Nikoomanesh Fatemeh
- Nikpoor Amin Reza
- Nnaji Chukwudi
- Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles
- Noman Efaq Ali
- Nomura Shuhei
- Norrving Bo
- Nri-Ezedi Chisom Adaobi
- Ntaios George
- Ntsekhe Mpiko
- Nurrika Dieta
- Nzoputam Chimezie Igwegbe
- Nzoputam Ogochukwu Janet
- O'Donnell Martin James
- Oancea Bogdan
- Odetokun Ismail
- Oguntade Ayodipupo Sikiru
- Oguta James Odhiambo
- Okati-Aliabad Hassan
- Okeke Sylvester Reuben
- Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul
- Okonji Osaretin Christabel
- Olagunju Andrew
- Olasupo Omotola
- Olatubi Matthew Idowu
- Oliveira Gláucia Maria Moraes
- Olufadewa Isaac Iyinoluwa
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Omar Hany
- Omer Goran Latif
- Omonisi Abidemi
- Onie Sandersan
- Onwujekwe Obinna
- Ordak Michal
- Orish Verner
- Ortega-Altamirano Doris
- Ortiz Alberto
- Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar
- Osman Wael
- Ostroff Samuel
- Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi
- Otoiu Adrian
- Otstavnov Nikita
- Otstavnov Stanislav
- Ouyahia Amel
- Ouyang Guoqing
- Owolabi Mayowa
- P A Mahesh Padukudru
- Padron-Monedero Alicia
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Palicz Tamás
- Palladino Claudia
- Pan Feng
- Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu
- Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
- Panos Georgios
- Panos Leonidas
- Pantea Stoian Anca Mihaela
- Pardhan Shahina
- Parikh Romil
- Pashaei Ava
- Pasovic Maja
- Passera Roberto
- Patel Jay
- Patel Sangram Kishor
- Patil Shankargouda
- Patoulias Dimitrios
- Patthipati Venkata Suresh
- Pawar Shrikant
- Pazoki Toroudi Hamidreza
- Pease Spencer
- Peden Amy
- Pedersini Paolo
- Peng Minjin
- Pensato Umberto
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Peprah Emmanuel
- Peprah Prince
- Perdigão João
- Pereira Maria Odete
- Perianayagam Arokiasamy
- Perico Norberto
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Petermann-Rocha Fanny Emily
- Petri William
- Pham Hoang Tran
- Philip Anil
- Phillips Michael
- Pigeolet Manon
- Pigott David
- Pillay Julian David
- Piracha Zahra Zahid
- Pirouzpanah Saeed
- Plass Dietrich
- Plotnikov Evgenii
- Poddighe Dimitri
- Polinder Suzanne
- Postma Maarten
- Pourtaheri Naeimeh
- Prada Sergio
- Pradhan Pranil Man Singh
- Prakash V
- Prasad Manya
- Prates Elton Junio Sady
- Priscilla Tina
- Pritchett Natalie
- Puri Pooja
- Puvvula Jagadeesh
- Qasim Nameer Hashim
- Qattea Ibrahim
- Qazi Asma Saleem
- Qian Gangzhen
- Rabiee Rad Mehrdad
- Radhakrishnan Raghu Anekal
- Radhakrishnan Venkatraman
- Raeisi Shahraki Hadi
- Rafferty Quinn
- Raggi Alberto
- Raghav Pankaja Raghav
- Rahim Md Jillur
- Rahman Md Mosfequr
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Mosiur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahmani Shayan
- Rahmanian Mohammad
- Rahmawaty Setyaningrum
- Rajaa Sathish
- Ramadan Mahmoud Mohammed
- Ramasamy Shakthi Kumaran
- Ramasubramani Premkumar
- Ramazanu Sheena
- Rana Kritika
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Rancic Nemanja
- Rane Amey
- Rao Chythra
- Rao Kumuda
- Rao Mithun
- Rao Sowmya
- Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi
- Rathnaiah Babu Giridhara
- Rauniyar Santosh Kumar
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Razo Christian
- Reddy Murali Mohan Rama Krishna
- Redwan Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
- Reifels Lennart
- Reiner Jr Robert
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renzaho Andre
- Reshmi Bhageerathy
- Reyes Luis Felipe
- Rezaei Hachesu Peyman
- Rezaei Nazila
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Nima
- Rezaeian Mohsen
- Rickard Jennifer
- Rodrigues Célia Fortuna
- Rodriguez Jefferson Antonio Buendia
- Roever Leonardo
- Ronfani Luca
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rotimi Kunle
- Rout Himanshu Sekhar
- Roy Bedanta
- Roy Nitai
- Roy Priyanka
- Rubagotti Enrico
- S N Chandan
- Saad Aly
- Saber-Ayad Maha Mohamed
- Sabour Siamak
- Sacco Simona
- Sachdev Perminder
- Saddik Basema
- Saddler Adam
- Sadee Bashdar Abuzed
- Sadeghi Erfan
- Sadeghi Masoumeh
- Saeb Mohammad Reza
- Saeed Umar
- Safi Sher Zaman
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sagoe Dominic
- Saif Zahra
- Sajid Mirza Rizwan
- Sakshaug Joseph
- Salam Nasir
- Salami Afeez Abolarinwa
- Salaroli Luciane
- Saleh Mohamed
- Salem Marwa Rashad
- Salem Mohammed
- Sallam Malik
- Samadzadeh Sara
- Samargandy Saad
- Samodra Yoseph Leonardo
- Samy Abdallah
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanna Francesca
- Santomauro Damian Francesco
- Santos Itamar
- Santric-Milicevic Milena
- Sarasmita Made Ary
- Sarikhani Yaser
- Sarmiento-Suárez Rodrigo
- Sarode Gargi Sachin
- Sarode Sachin
- Sarveazad Arash
- Sathian Brijesh
- Sathyanarayan Anudeep
- Satpathy Maheswar
- Sawhney Monika
- Scarmeas Nikolaos
- Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
- Schmidt Maria Inês
- Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola
- Schumacher Austin
- Schwebel David
- Schwendicke Falk
- Sedighi Mansour
- Senapati Sabyasachi
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf
- Sethi Yashendra
- Setoguchi Soko
- Seylani Allen
- Shadid Jamileh
- Shafie Mahan
- Shah Humaira
- Shah Nilay
- Shah Pritik
- Shahbandi Ataollah
- Shahid Samiah
- Shahid Wajeehah
- Shahwan Moyad Jamal
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shakeri Alireza
- Shalash Ali
- Sham Sunder
- Shamim Muhammad Aaqib
- Shamshirgaran Mohammad Ali
- Shamsi Mohammad Anas
- Shanawaz Mohd
- Shankar Abhishek
- Shannawaz Mohammed
- Sharath Medha
- Sharifan Amin
- Sharifi-Rad Javad
- Sharma Manoj
- Sharma Rajesh
- Sharma Saurab
- Sharma Ujjawal
- Sharma Vishal
- Shastry Rajesh
- Shavandi Amin
- Shayan Amir Mehdi
- Shayan Maryam
- Shehabeldine Amr Mohamed Elsayed
- Shetty Pavanchand
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shifa Jemal Ebrahim
- Shiferaw Desalegn
- Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shiri Rahman
- Shitaye Nebiyu Aniley
- Shittu Aminu
- Shivakumar K
- Shivarov Velizar
- Shokati Eshkiki Zahra
- Shool Sina
- Shrestha Sunil
- Shuval Kerem
- Sibhat Migbar Mekonnen
- Siddig Emmanuel Edwar
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva João Pedro
- Silva Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues
- Silva Soraia
- Simpson Colin
- Singal Anjali
- Singh Abhinav
- Singh Balbir Bagicha
- Singh Harmanjit
- Singh Jasvinder
- Singh Mahendra
- Singh Paramdeep
- Skou Søren
- Sleet David
- Slepak Erica Leigh N
- Solanki Ranjan
- Soliman Sameh
- Song Suhang
- Song Yimeng
- Sorensen Reed
- Soriano Joan
- Soyiri Ireneous
- Spartalis Michael
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar
- Stark Benjamin
- Starodubova Antonina
- Stein Caroline
- Stein Dan
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steiner Timothy
- Steinmetz Jaimie
- Steiropoulos Paschalis
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark
- Subedi Narayan Subedi
- Subramaniyan Vetriselvan
- Suemoto Claudia Kimie
- Suleman Muhammad
- Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan
- Sultana Abida
- Sundström Johan
- Swain Chandan Kumar
- Szarpak Lukasz
- Tabaee Damavandi Payam
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabatabaei Malazy Ozra
- Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir
- Tabatabai Shima
- Tabche Celine
- Tabish Mohammad
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Taheri Abkenar Yasaman
- Taheri Soodejani Moslem
- Taherkhani Amir
- Taiba Jabeen
- Talaat Iman
- Talukder Ashis
- Tampa Mircea
- Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze
- Tan Ker-Kan
- Tandukar Sarmila
- Tang Haosu
- Tavakoli Oliaee Razieh
- Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
- Teimoori Mojtaba
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Teramoto Masayuki
- Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapar Rekha
- Thayakaran Rasiah
- Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomas Nikhil Kenny
- Thum Chern Choong Chern
- Tichopad Ales
- Ticoalu Jansje Henny Vera
- Tillawi Tala
- Tiruye Tenaw Yimer
- Tobe-Gai Ruoyan
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Torre Anna
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Tran Jasmine
- Tran Mai Thi Ngoc
- Tran Nghia Minh
- Tran Ngoc-Ha
- Trico Domenico
- Tromans Samuel Joseph
- Truyen Thien Tan Tri Tai
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tsegay Guesh Mebrahtom
- Tsermpini Evangelia Eirini
- Tumurkhuu Munkhtuya
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Udoh Arit
- Umair Muhammad
- Umakanthan Srikanth
- Umar Tungki Pratama
- Undurraga Eduardo
- Unim Brigid
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Unsworth Carolyn Anne
- Upadhyay Era
- Urso Daniele
- Usman Jibrin Sammani
- Vahabi Seyed Mohammad
- Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj
- van den Eynde Jef
- Varga Orsolya
- Varma Ravi Prasad
- Vart Priya
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasic Milena
- Vaziri Siavash
- Vellingiri Balachandar
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Veroux Massimiliano
- Verras Georgios-Ioannis
- Vervoort Dominique
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Violante Francesco
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Volovat Simona Ruxandra
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Waheed Yasir
- Wang Cong
- Wang Fang
- Wang Ning
- Wang Shu
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Ward Paul
- Wassie Emebet Gashaw
- Weaver Marcia
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
- Weintraub Robert
- Weiss Daniel
- Weldemariam Abrha Hailay
- Wells Katherine
- Wen Yi Feng
- Whisnant Joanna
- Whiteford Harvey
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha Praneeth
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wilandika Angga
- Wilkerson Caroline
- Willeit Peter
- Wimo Anders
- Woldegebreal Demewoz
- Wolf Axel Walter
- Wong Yen Jun
- Woolf Anthony
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Felicia
- Wu Xinsheng
- Wu Zenghong
- Wulf Hanson Sarah
- Xia Yanjie
- Xiao Hong
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Xu Yvonne Yiru
- Yadav Lalit
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yaghoubi Sajad
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Yaribeygi Habib
- Yazdanpanah Mohammad Hosein
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yigzaw Zeamanuel Anteneh
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Younis Mustafa
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yusuf Hadiza
- Zahid Mondal Hasan
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Leila
- Zaki Nazar
- Zaman Burhan Abdullah
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zandieh Ghazal
- Zar Heather
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Ning
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhong Panliang
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Zhaohua
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zimsen Stephanie
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zyoud Samer
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/05/2024
- Field of study
International audienc
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Bekalu
- Amini Saeed
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Aminorroaya Arya
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna Maever L.
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Amul Gianna Gayle Herrera
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- Muriithi Moses K.
- Murray Christopher J. L.
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
- Muthupandian Saravanan
- Nabavizadeh Behnam
- Nabhan Ashraf F.
- Naderi Mehdi
- Nagaraja Sharath Burugina
- Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naghshtabrizi Behshad
- Naik Gurudatta
- Naimzada Mukhammad David
- Nair Sanjeev
- Najafi Farid
- Naldi Luigi
- Nandakumar Vishnu
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- Nangia Vinay
- Nansseu Jobert Richie
- Nasab Entezar Mehrabi
- Naserbakht Morteza
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- Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith
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- Ngari Kiirithio N.
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- Ngunjiri Josephine W.
- Nguyen Cuong Tat
- Nguyen Diep Ngoc
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- Nigatu Dabere
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- Nunez-Samudio Virginia
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- Ogbo Felix Akpojene
- Oghenetega Onome Bright
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- Olagunju Andrew T.
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Oluwasanu Mojisola Morenike
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- Otstavnov Nikita
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- Overland Simon
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- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Pakhale Smita
- Pakhare Abhijit P.
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- Palladino Raffaele
- Pana Adrian
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Anamika
- Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
- Park Eun-Kee
- Park James
- Parmar Priya G. Kumari
- Parry Charles D. H.
- Pasovic Maja
- Pasupula Deepak Kumar
- Patel Jenil R.
- Patel Sangram Kishor
- Paternina-Caicedo Angel J.
- Pathak Ashish
- Pathak Mona
- Patten Scott B.
- Patton George C.
- Paudel Deepak
- Paudel Sagun
- Paulson Katherine R.
- Pease Spencer A.
- Peden Amy E.
- Pennini Alyssa
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Peprah Emmanuel K.
- Pereira Alexandre
- Pereira David M.
- Pereira Jeevan
- Perico Norberto
- Pescarini Julia Moreira
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Pham Hai Quang
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- Piccinelli Cristiano
- Pierce Maxwell
- Pigott David M.
- Pilgrim Thomas
- Pilz Tessa M.
- Pinheiro Marina
- Piradov Michael A.
- Pirsaheb Meghdad
- Pishgar Farhad
- Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
- Plass Dietrich
- Pletcher Martin
- Pokhrel Khem Narayan
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- Polinder Suzanne
- Polkinghorne Kevan R.
- Pond Constance Dimity
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pottoo Faheem Hyder
- Pourjafar Hadi
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- Pourshams Akram
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- Prada Sergio I.
- Prakash Sanjay
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
- Pribadi Dimas Ria Angga
- Pupillo Elisabetta
- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem Muhammad
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura Kishor
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawat Ramu
- Razo Christian
- Regassa Lemma Demissie
- Reiner Jr., Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa Bettay
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Resnikoff Serge
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Nima
- Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
- Rezapour Aziz
- Rhinehart Phoebe-Anne
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
- Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P.
- Ribeiro Daniel Cury
- Ribeiro Daniela
- Rickard Jennifer
- Rincon Julio Cesar Campuzano
- Rivera Juan A.
- Robalik Toshana
- Roberts Nicholas L. S.
- Roberts Shaun
- Robinson Stephen R.
- Rodriguez-Ramirez Sonia
- Roever Leonardo
- Rolfe Sam
- Romoli Michele
- Ronfani Luca
- Room Robin
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- Roth Gregory A.
- Rothenbacher Dietrich
- Rubagotti Enrico
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- Saeedi Reza
- Saeidi Shahram
- Safari Yahya
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- Safiri Saeid
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- Salem Marwa R.
- Salimi Yahya
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
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- Salz Inbal
- Samad Zainab
- Sambala Evanson Zondani
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- Sanchez-Pimienta Tania G.
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- Santos Itamar S.
- Santos Joao Vasco
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M.
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Sarmiento-Suarez Rodrigo
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Sarveazad Arash
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- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
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- Saxena Deepak
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- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
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- Seedat Soraya
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- Tsatsakis Aristidis
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- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saif
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
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- Veisani Yousef
- Velasquez Ilais Moreno
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Vidale Simone
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vu Giang Thu
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- Vukovic Ana
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
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- Walters Magdalene K.
- Wamai Richard G.
- Wang Fang
- Wang Haidong
- Wang Hongbo
- Wang Jiayu
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Ward Joseph L.
- Watson Alexandrea
- Watson Stefanie
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y. Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Daniel J.
- Weiss Jordan
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- Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilner Lauren B.
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Woldu Gebremariam
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu
- Wondmieneh Adam Belay
- Wool Eve E.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Junjie
- Wunrow Han Yong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yearwood Jamal A.
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- York Hunter W.
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuan Chun-Wei
- Yuce Deniz
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zahabi Saleh Salehi
- Zaidi Syed Saoud
- Zaki Leila
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zangeneh Alireza
- Zarafshan Hadi
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zewdie Kaleab Alemayehu
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheleva Bistra
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Cong
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zlavog Bianca S.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study