Properties and functions of organic materials in poor agricultural soil condition

A field experiment was conducted under different soil strata in poor agricultural soil condition. Each soil stratum was treated separately with different organic material for soil fertility management. These organic materials are cow dung, sheep dung, goat dung, donkey dung, rice husks, millet husks, Acacia albida, Acacia nilotica, wood ash, house refuses, and combination of all ‘ani-cro-ber’. In the first assessment, soil structure, texture, colour, consistency, bulk density were determined in the field, while in the second assessment N, P, K, Na, Ca, OC, OM and pH were determined under specific laboratory analysis. It is believed that the use of organic materials in soil management is a good way to improve and maintain soil quality and soil fertility rehabilitation in poor agricultural soil condition

A note on large gauge transformations in double field theory

We give a detailed proof of the conjecture by Hohm and Zwiebach in double field theory. This result implies that their proposal for large gauge transformations in terms of the Jacobian matrix for coordinate transformations is, as required, equivalent to the standard exponential map associated with the generalized Lie derivative along a suitable parameter.Comment: 34 pages, no figure

Canonical formulation and conserved charges of double field theory

We provide the canonical formulation of double field theory. It is shown that this dynamics is subject to primary and secondary constraints. The Poisson bracket algebra of secondary constraints is shown to close on-shell according to the C-bracket. A systematic way of writing boundary integrals in doubled geometry is given. By including appropriate boundary terms in the double field theory Hamiltonian, expressions for conserved energy and momentum of an asymptotically flat doubled space-time are obtained and applied to a number of solutions.Comment: 51 pages, no figures. Minor revision

A test case generation approach for mobile APPS based on context and GUI events

The increase of mobile devices with rich innovative feature has become an enabler for developing mobile applications (mobile apps) that offer users an advance and extremely-localized context-aware content. Nowadays mobile apps are developed to address more critical areas of people’s daily computing needs, which bring concern on the applications’ quality. In order to build a high quality and more reliable applications, there is a need for effective testing techniques to test the apps. The most recent testing technique focuses on graphical user interface (GUI) events with little attention to context events. This makes it difficult to identify other defects in the changes that can be inclined by context in which an application runs. The major challenge in testing mobile apps that react to context events is how to identify the events from an application during testing. This study proposes an approach (named TEGDroid) for testing mobile apps considering the two sets of events: GUI and context events. This approach comprises five steps which are; extraction of resources from APK file, static analysis of the extracted app’s byte code to identify GUI events, analysis of mobile apps’ permission to identify different scenarios of context events, generation of test case based on the GUI and context events and validation of the test cases using code coverage and mutation testing. Experiment was performed on real world open source mobile apps to evaluate TEGDroid. Results from the experimental evaluation indicates that the approach is effective in identifying context events and had 61%-91% coverage across the seven (7) selected applications. Results from the mutation analysis shows that 100% of the mutants were killed. This indicates that TEGDroid have the capability to detect faults in mobile apps