The knowledge complexity of quadratic residuosity languages

AbstractNoninteractive perfect zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs are very elusive objects. In fact, since the introduction of the noninteractive model of Blum . (1988), the only perfect zero-knowledge proof known was the one for quadratic nonresiduosity of Blum . (1991). The situation is no better in the interactive case where perfect zero-knowledge proofs are known only for a handful of particular languages.In this work, we show that a large class of languages related to quadratic residuosity admits noninteractive perfect zero-knowledge proofs. More precisely, we give a protocol for the language of thresholds of quadratic residuosity.Moreover, we develop a new technique for converting noninteractive zero-knowledge proofs into round-optimal zero-knowledge proofs for an even wider class of languages. The transformation preserves perfect zero knowledge in the sense that, if the noninteractive proof we started with is a perfect zero-knowledge proof, then we obtain a round-optimal perfect zero-knowledge proof. The noninteractive perfect zero-knowledge proofs presented in this work can be transformed into 4-round (which is optimal) interactive perfect zero-knowledge proofs. Until now, the only known 4-round perfect ZK proof systems were the ones for quadratic nonresiduosity (Goldwasser et al., 1989) and for graph nonisomorphism (Goldreich et al., 1986) and no 4-round perfect zero-knowledge proof system was known for the simple case of the language of quadratic residues

Archivio storico della provincia di Salerno. A.5, n.1/4(1926)

I fascicoli 1,2,4 sono posseduti dalla Biblioteca Provinciale di SalernoA.5,n.1/2(1926): De Angelis M., Basiliche vecchie civiltà nuova (Le origini della nuova civiltà italica), P. 3-90; Bilotti P. E., Il tempio di S. Maria Maggiore in Nocera (parte II ed ultima), P. 91-95. -A.5,n.3(1926): De Angelis M., Un tempio ed un'ara - Antiche civiltà nel Mezzogiorno d'Italia, P. 99-122; Bilotti P. E., I Cacciatori dell'Irno - Vicende di un battaglione di volontari nel 1860, P.123-131; Sorrentino A., Continuazione della cronaca di Antonio Stassano (parte 1.), P.132-158; Della Corte M., Monumenti lucani, P.159-169; Rotunno A., Uno scongiuro, P.170-175; Arnone N., Memorie di un educatore, P.176. -A.5,n.4(1926): De Angelis M., Fra pulpiti e campanili. Vicende artistiche del Cento e del Duecento nel Mezzogiorno d'Italia, P. 179-230; De Crescenzo A., Le figurazioni di due sarcofagi pagani, P. 231-234; Tropia A., Gli amboni di Ravello (San Pantaleone e San Giovanni in Toro), P. 235-242

Archivio storico della provincia di Salerno. A.4, n.1/4(1924)

Esemplare posseduto dalla Biblioteca Provinciale di SalernoA.4,n.1/2(1924): De Angelis M., Le origini dell'architettura nell'Italia meridionale ed i musaici della Cattedrale di Salerno, P. 152; Della Corte M., Notizie archeologiche, P. 53-56; Sinno A., Vicende dei Benedettini e di S. Massimo in Salerno, P. 57-74; De Crescenzo A., Salerno nel 1860, P. 75-89; Bilotti P. E., Avvenimenti e ricordi, P. 90-95. -A.4,n.3/4(1924): De Angelis M., La porta Elina di Salerno, P. 99-135; De’ Santi M., Notizie di due chiese di Fioccano, S. Pietro ad Floccanum e S. Maria del Presepe in Nocera Inferiore, raccolte da M. De' Santi (pubbl. a cura di G. D'Alessio), P. 136-143; Sorrentino A., Di una cronaca inedita del Salernitano (parte I), P. 144-160; Bilotti P. E., Il tempio di S. Maria Maggiore in Nocera (Dagli atti della Commissione Provinciale per la conservazione dei monumenti e delle opere d'arte) (parte I), P. 161-162; Guariglia A., Per l'inaugurazione in Raito della lapide ai patriotti 1820-27 e 1848, P. 163-169; Millosevich F., recensione a Monti Gennaro Maria, Storia dell'Università di Napoli, Napoli, Ricciardi, 1924, P. 170-173; Sinno A., recensione a Rotunno A., Lo storico della Certosa di Padula (Mons. Antonio Sacco), P. 174-176

Archivio storico della provincia di Salerno. A.1, n.1/4(1921)

A.1,n.1(1921): Arnone N., Origine e avvenire della Società di Storia Patria per la Provincia di Salerno, P.3-6 ; Bilotti P.E., I doveri della nostra Società di Storia, P.7-28; Sinno A., Determinazione della sede della Scuola Medica di Salerno, P.29-61; Mazziotti M., L'insurrezione salernitana nel 1860 (parte I), P.62-70; De Angelis M., Lucerna fittile salernitana del III-IV secolo, P.71-73; Carucci C., Gli Ebrei in Salerno nei secoli 11. e 12., P.74-79; Martini E. M., Intorno a Pietro Capuano cardinale scrittore (sec. 12. e 13.) (parte 1.), P.80-90; Carucci P., La grotta dell'Angelo di Pertosa e la sua completa esplorazione speleologica, P.91-105; Torraca F., Per Giacinto Romano. Discorso commemorativo, P.106-117. -A.1,n.2/3(1921): Mazziotti M., L'insurrezione salernitana nel 1860 (parte II e ultima), P. 121-144; Solimena G., Origini, armi feudali e Giuspatronati dei Solimena di Salerno, P.145-151; Carucci C., L'ultimo cancelliere normanno: Matteo d'Aiello salernitano, P.152-186; Arnone N., Matteo Ripa e l'Istituto Orientale di Napoli, P.187-210; Sinno A., Diplomi di laurea dell'Almo Collegio Salernitano, P. 211-251; Martini E. M., Intorno a Pietro Capuano cardinale scrittore (sec. 12.e 13.) (parte 2.) P.252-257; Conforti R., Un patriottico articolo di . . ., P. 258-265; D'Alessio G., Un'epigrafe funeraria in Nocera Inferiore, P. 266-267; De Crescenzo A., Un'urna discoperta ed un sarcofago da scoprire, P. 267-269. -A.1,n.4(1921): Mazziotti M., La rivoluzione del 1820 in Provincia di Salerno (parte 1.), P.273-294; Martini E. M., Intorno a Pietro Capuano cardinale scrittore (sec. 12.-13.) (parte 3. ed ultima), P.295-311; Ravello (trad. di M. Zoccoletti), P.312-334 ; Carucci C., Le preoccupazioni di Carlo d'Angiò per Salerno dopo la battaglia di Tagliacozzo in tre documenti del tempo, P.335-339; De Crescenzo A., Il sepolcro dei due Romualdo, P.339-342; Salerno nella poesia inglese (R. Browning, C. Pearce Cranch, J.E. Reade), P.342- 348

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives : data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.Peer reviewe

Disease-Modifying Therapies and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the impact of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies on the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Methods: We retrospectively collected data of PwMS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. All the patients had complete follow-up to death or recovery. Severe COVID-19 was defined by a 3-level variable: mild disease not requiring hospitalization versus pneumonia or hospitalization versus intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. We evaluated baseline characteristics and MS therapies associated with severe COVID-19 by multivariate and propensity score (PS)-weighted ordinal logistic models. Sensitivity analyses were run to confirm the results. Results: Of 844 PwMS with suspected (n = 565) or confirmed (n = 279) COVID-19, 13 (1.54%) died; 11 of them were in a progressive MS phase, and 8 were without any therapy. Thirty-eight (4.5%) were admitted to an ICU; 99 (11.7%) had radiologically documented pneumonia; 96 (11.4%) were hospitalized. After adjusting for region, age, sex, progressive MS course, Expanded Disability Status Scale, disease duration, body mass index, comorbidities, and recent methylprednisolone use, therapy with an anti-CD20 agent (ocrelizumab or rituximab) was significantly associated (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-4.74, p = 0.015) with increased risk of severe COVID-19. Recent use (<1 month) of methylprednisolone was also associated with a worse outcome (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.20-12.53, p = 0.001). Results were confirmed by the PS-weighted analysis and by all the sensitivity analyses. Interpretation: This study showed an acceptable level of safety of therapies with a broad array of mechanisms of action. However, some specific elements of risk emerged. These will need to be considered while the COVID-19 pandemic persists

COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis: Putting Data Into Context

Background and objectives: It is unclear how multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the severity of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to compare COVID-19-related outcomes collected in an Italian cohort of patients with MS with the outcomes expected in the age- and sex-matched Italian population. Methods: Hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death after COVID-19 diagnosis of 1,362 patients with MS were compared with the age- and sex-matched Italian population in a retrospective observational case-cohort study with population-based control. The observed vs the expected events were compared in the whole MS cohort and in different subgroups (higher risk: Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score > 3 or at least 1 comorbidity, lower risk: EDSS score ≤ 3 and no comorbidities) by the χ2 test, and the risk excess was quantified by risk ratios (RRs). Results: The risk of severe events was about twice the risk in the age- and sex-matched Italian population: RR = 2.12 for hospitalization (p < 0.001), RR = 2.19 for ICU admission (p < 0.001), and RR = 2.43 for death (p < 0.001). The excess of risk was confined to the higher-risk group (n = 553). In lower-risk patients (n = 809), the rate of events was close to that of the Italian age- and sex-matched population (RR = 1.12 for hospitalization, RR = 1.52 for ICU admission, and RR = 1.19 for death). In the lower-risk group, an increased hospitalization risk was detected in patients on anti-CD20 (RR = 3.03, p = 0.005), whereas a decrease was detected in patients on interferon (0 observed vs 4 expected events, p = 0.04). Discussion: Overall, the MS cohort had a risk of severe events that is twice the risk than the age- and sex-matched Italian population. This excess of risk is mainly explained by the EDSS score and comorbidities, whereas a residual increase of hospitalization risk was observed in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and a decrease in people on interferon

DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France

We evaluated the effect of DMTs on Covid-19 severity in patients with MS, with a pooled-analysis of two large cohorts from Italy and France. The association of baseline characteristics and DMTs with Covid-19 severity was assessed by multivariate ordinal-logistic models and pooled by a fixed-effect meta-analysis. 1066 patients with MS from Italy and 721 from France were included. In the multivariate model, anti-CD20 therapies were significantly associated (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.39–3.02, p < 0.001) with Covid-19 severity, whereas interferon indicated a decreased risk (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.18–0.99, p = 0.047). This pooled-analysis confirms an increased risk of severe Covid-19 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and supports the protective role of interferon

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.