Efecto insecticida y residual de tres extractos de Lippia alba para el control de Acanthoscelides obtectus en fríjol Diacol Calima

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad y el efecto residual de tres extractos de Lippia alba (Miller) N. E. Brown para el control de Acanthoscelides obtetus (Say) (Coleoptera-Bruchidae) en fríjol almacenado. Los resultados señalan que el aceite esencial de Lippia alba tiene un efecto insecticida sobre las poblaciones de Acanthoscelides obtectus en condiciones de laboratorio, no presentándoseinsectos a los treinta días después de tratado el fríjol. Los otros dos tratamientos presentaron emergencia de adultos, aunque en el tratamiento de infusión las poblaciones fueron menores que en el tratamiento de extracto seco

Huellas y devenir contable : construyendo las rutas del pensamiento contable

RESUMEN: El libro "Huellas y devenir contable", tiene como objetivo desarrollar una aproximación al estado del arte en las líneas de investigación del Grupo GICCO del Departamento de Ciencias Contables de la Universidad de Antioquia. Este texto expone los avances más notable en las diferentes líneas de investigación integradas desde tres ejes problémicos: Análisis contable (con sus líneas de investigación: costos y gestión, contabilidad y recursos públicos, análisis de procesos tributarios y contabilidad y finanzas), Desarrollo contable (que contiene las líneas de investigación: teoría contable, caracterización internacional de la contabilidad, educación contable, tecnología contable y desarrollo contable normativo) y control organizacional (contiene las líneas de investigación: control interno, procesos de auditoría y revisoría fiscal). La aproximación a las líneas de investigación se constituyen en un proceso que culmina con la construcción de los estados del arte, trabajo desarrollado por profesores y estudiantes integrantes de los grupos primarios de investigación; la aproximación a los ejes problémicos es un proceso de abstracción a partir de las líneas, trabajo desarrollado por el grupo integrador.Líneas de investigación contabl

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Effect of alirocumab on mortality after acute coronary syndromes. An analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomized clinical trial

Background: Previous trials of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) inhibitors demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events, but not death. We assessed the effects of alirocumab on death after index acute coronary syndrome. Methods: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) was a double-blind, randomized comparison of alirocumab or placebo in 18 924 patients who had an ACS 1 to 12 months previously and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite intensive statin therapy. Alirocumab dose was blindly titrated to target achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between 25 and 50 mg/dL. We examined the effects of treatment on all-cause death and its components, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, with log-rank testing. Joint semiparametric models tested associations between nonfatal cardiovascular events and cardiovascular or noncardiovascular death. Results: Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Death occurred in 334 (3.5%) and 392 (4.1%) patients, respectively, in the alirocumab and placebo groups (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98; P=0.03, nominal P value). This resulted from nonsignificantly fewer cardiovascular (240 [2.5%] vs 271 [2.9%]; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.05; P=0.15) and noncardiovascular (94 [1.0%] vs 121 [1.3%]; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.01; P=0.06) deaths with alirocumab. In a prespecified analysis of 8242 patients eligible for ≥3 years follow-up, alirocumab reduced death (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.94; P=0.01). Patients with nonfatal cardiovascular events were at increased risk for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths (P<0.0001 for the associations). Alirocumab reduced total nonfatal cardiovascular events (P<0.001) and thereby may have attenuated the number of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths. A post hoc analysis found that, compared to patients with lower LDL-C, patients with baseline LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL (2.59 mmol/L) had a greater absolute risk of death and a larger mortality benefit from alirocumab (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.90; Pinteraction=0.007). In the alirocumab group, all-cause death declined wit h achieved LDL-C at 4 months of treatment, to a level of approximately 30 mg/dL (adjusted P=0.017 for linear trend). Conclusions: Alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy has the potential to reduce death after acute coronary syndrome, particularly if treatment is maintained for ≥3 years, if baseline LDL-C is ≥100 mg/dL, or if achieved LDL-C is low. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01663402

Efecto insecticida y residual de tres extractos de Lippia alba para el control de Acanthoscelides obtectus en fríjol Diacol Calima

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad y el efecto residual de tres extractos de Lippia alba (Miller) N. E. Brown para el control de Acanthoscelides obtetus (Say) (Coleoptera-Bruchidae) en fríjol almacenado. Los resultados señalan que el aceite esencial de Lippia alba tiene un efecto insecticida sobre las poblaciones de Acanthoscelides obtectus en condiciones de laboratorio, no presentándoseinsectos a los treinta días después de tratado el fríjol. Los otros dos tratamientos presentaron emergencia de adultos, aunque en el tratamiento de infusión las poblaciones fueron menores que en el tratamiento de extracto seco

Efecto insecticida y residual de tres extractos de Lippia alba para el control de Acanthoscelides obtectus en fríjol Diacol Calima

The purpose of the following research project is to evaluate the effectiveness and residual effect of three extracts of Lippia alba (Miller) N. E. Bown for the control of Acanthoscelides obtetus (Say) (ColeopteraBruchidae) in stored beans. The findings show that the essential oil of Lippia alba has an insecticide effect on populations of Acanthoscelides obtectus under laboratory conditions, finding no insects thirty days after the beans being treated. The other two treatments showed an emergence of adult specimens, although the infusion treatment presented a lower population than those treated with the dry extract.El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad y el efecto residual de tres extractos de Lippia alba (Miller) N. E. Brown para el control de Acanthoscelides obtetus (Say) (ColeopteraBruchidae) en fríjol almacenado. Los resultados señalan que el aceite esencial de Lippia alba tiene un efecto insecticida sobre las poblaciones de Acanthoscelides obtectus en condiciones de laboratorio, no presentándose insectos a los treinta días después de tratado el fríjol. Los otros dos tratamientos presentaron emergencia de adultos, aunque en el tratamiento de infusión las poblaciones fueron menores que en el tratamiento de extracto seco.Universidad de San Buenaventura - Cal

Modelos de predicción de caudales mensuales para el sector eléctrico colombiano.

Se hace una breve descripción de cinco metodologías para la predicción de caudales medios mensuales en Colombia: Redes Neuronales Artificiales, Redes Adaptativas Neuro-Difusas, Análisis Espectral Singular, Modelo Estructural y Modelo físico y la aplicación de estos modelos en diferentes estaciones de medición de caudal pertenecientes al sistema de Generación de Energía Eléctrica de Colombia