Complex Pt/Al2O3 materials for small catalytic systems

This paper reports on the preparation of catalytic materials composed of a porous metallic preform containing winding microchannels whose surface is coated by a complex catalytic film. Al2O3 is deposited inside the pores by means of wet impregnation in a first step, in order to increase the surface and to serve as an intermediate layer on which Pt nanoparticles are deposited in a second step. The latter deposition takes place by means of forced metalorganic chemical vapour infiltration (F-MOCVI). Pt(acac)2, is used in appropriate low pressure operating conditions, to allow for a process with low thermal budget, compatible with the geometrical and physical characteristics of the porous substrate. The results are evaluated by means of BET, SIMS, SEM/EDX and FEG/SEM. The catalytic material is finally being tested following the oxidation of carbon monoxide, a model reaction with high industrial interest

Image-guided multipolar radiofrequency ablation of liver tumours: initial clinical results

The local effectiveness and clinical usefulness of multipolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation of liver tumours was evaluated. Sixty-eight image-guided RF sessions were performed using a multipolar device with bipolar electrodes in 53 patients. There were 45 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and 42 metastases with a diameter ≤3cm (n = 55), 3.1-5cm (n = 29) and >5cm (n = 3); 26 nodules were within 5mm from large vessels. Local effectiveness and complications were evaluated after RF procedures. Mean follow-up was 17 ± 10months. Recurrence and survival rates were analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The primary and secondary technical effectiveness rate was 82% and 95%, respectively. The major and minor complication rate was 2.9%, respectively. The local tumour progression at 1- and 2-years was 5% and 9% for HCC nodules and 17% and 31% for metastases, respectively; four of 26 nodules (15%) close to vessels showed local progression. The survival at 1year and 2years was 97% and 90% for HCC and 84% and 68% for metastases, respectively. Multipolar RF technique creates ablation zones of adequate size and tailored shape and is effective to treat most liver tumours, including those close to major hepatic vessel

Improved estimation of the left ventricular ejection fraction using a combination of independent automated segmentation results in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

—This work aimed at combining different segmenta-tion approaches to produce a robust and accurate segmentation result. Three to five segmentation results of the left ventricle were combined using the STAPLE algorithm and the reliability of the resulting segmentation was evaluated in comparison with the result of each individual segmentation method. This comparison was performed using a supervised approach based on a reference method. Then, we used an unsupervised statistical evaluation, the extended Regression Without Truth (eRWT) that ranks different methods according to their accuracy in estimating a specific biomarker in a population. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated by focusing on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) estimate resulting from the LV contour delineation using a public cardiac cine MRI database. Eight different segmentation methods, including three expert delineations, were studied, and sixteen combinations of the five automated methods were investigated. The supervised and unsupervised evaluations demonstrated that in most cases, STAPLE results provided better estimates of the LVEF than individual automated segmentation methods. In addition, LVEF obtained with STAPLE were within inter-expert variability. Overall, combining different automated segmentation methods improved the reliability of the segmenta-tion result compared to that obtained using an individual metho

Comparison of different segmentation approaches without using gold standard. Application to the estimation of the left ventricle ejection fraction from cardiac cine MRI sequences.

International audienceA statistical method is proposed to compare several estimates of a relevant clinical parameter when no gold standard is available. The method is illustrated by considering the left ventricle ejection fraction derived from cardiac magnetic resonance images and computed using seven approaches with different degrees of automation. The proposed method did not use any a priori regarding with the reliability of each method and its degree of automation. The results showed that the most accurate estimates of the ejection fraction were obtained using manual segmentations, followed by the semiautomatic methods, while the methods with the least user input yielded the least accurate ejection fraction estimates. These results were consistent with the expected performance of the estimation methods, suggesting that the proposed statistical approach might be helpful to assess the performance of estimation methods on clinical data for which no gold standard is available

Nonsupervised Ranking of Different Segmentation Approaches: Application to the Estimation of the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction From Cardiac Cine MRI Sequences

International audienceA statistical methodology is proposed to rank several estimation methods of a relevant clinical parameter when no gold standard is available. Based on a regression without truth method, the proposed approach was applied to rank eightmethods without using any a priori information regarding the reliability of each method and its degree of automation. It was only based on a prior concerning the statistical distribution of the parameter of interest in the database. The ranking of the methods relies on figures of merit derived from the regression and computed using a bootstrap process. The methodology was applied to the estimation of the left ventricular ejection fraction derived from cardiac magnetic resonance images segmented using eight approaches with different degrees of automation: three segmentations were entirely manually performed and the others were variously automated. The ranking of methods was consistent with the expected performance of the estimation methods: the most accurate estimates of the ejection fraction were obtained using manual segmentations. The robustness of the ranking was demonstrated when at least three methods were compared. These results suggest that the proposed statistical approach might be helpful to assess the performance of estimation methods on clinical data for which no gold standard is available

Transition de l’enseignement primaire spécialisé vers l’enseignement ordinaire au cycle d’orientation: analyse du vécu de 5 jeunes ayant effectué cette transition

Le thème de ce travail de bachelor est celui de la transition entre l’école primaire et le cycle d’orientation des élèves issus de l’enseignement spécialisé. Le but principal de ce travail est donc de comprendre de quelle manière ces élèves parviennent ou ne parviennent pas à s’adapter à leur nouvel envir;nnement sc;laire. Ce travail permettra également de voir si ces élèves s’intègrent ou ne s’intègrent pas au sein de leur nouvelle école. Du point de vue théorique, cette transition est décrite comme une rupture qui oblige les élèves à vivre une transition, un changement nécessaire pour reconstruire un nouvel équilibre

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio

Manual wheelchair's turning resistance: swivelling resistance parameters of front and rear wheels on different surfaces

Purpose: Daily locomotion with a manual wheelchair includes curvilinear movements. However, little is known about the resisting forces in play during turning manoeuvres where the wheels are generally both rolling and swivelling. This study aimed at quantifying the swivelling resistance parameters of several wheels on different surfaces and to evaluate the effect of the curvature radius on these parameters. Materials and methods: A specific test bench was designed allowing the swivelling resistance parameters of a wheel rolling while swivelling to be determined. Seven wheels (3 front and 4 rear wheels), three surfaces (plywood, linoleum and carpet), two loads (25 and 45 kg) and five curvature radii (from 0 to 0.4 m) were tested through a full factorial design experiment. Results: Results showed that the wheel type was the most influential factor on swivelling resistance parameters, followed by the surface and the curvature radius. The effect of the load on swivelling resistance parameters was found negligible when compared to the influence of other factors. A predictive model for swivelling resistance parameters of the different wheel/surface combinations was proposed, as a function of the curvature radius. Conclusion: This study allowed the swivelling resistance parameters of different wheel/surface combinations to be quantified, as a function of the curvature radius of the wheel trajectory. Combined with data on rolling resistance, these data could now be used to assess energy losses during real life ambulation or to achieve more realistic behaviour in virtual rehabilitation environment. Implications for rehabilitation Swivelling resistances are increased by carpet surfaces compared to tile surfaces. Conversely to rolling resistance, castors wheels are less prone to swivelling resistance than rear wheels The swivelling resistance of a wheel rolling while swivelling is decreased compared to a pure swivelling movement. Combined with data on rolling resistance, these data on swivelling resistance would allow energy loss during daily life activity to be determined or as input data for the control of wheelchair simulator in virtual environment used for rehabilitation

Phenotypes induced by NM causing α-skeletal muscle actin mutants in fibroblasts, Sol 8 myoblasts and myotubes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nemaline myopathy is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the presence of nemaline bodies in patient muscles. 20% of the cases are associated with α-skeletal muscle actin mutations. We previously showed that actin mutations can cause four different biochemical phenotypes and that expression of NM associated actin mutants in fibroblasts, myoblasts and myotubes induces a range of cellular defects.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We conducted the same biochemical experiments for twelve new actin mutants associated with nemaline myopathy. We observed folding and polymerization defects. Immunostainings of these and eight other mutants in transfected cells revealed typical cellular defects such as nemaline rods or aggregates, decreased incorporation in F-actin structures, membrane blebbing, the formation of thickened actin fibres and cell membrane blebbing in myotubes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results confirm that NM associated α-actin mutations induce a range of defects at the biochemical level as well as in cultured fibroblasts and muscle cells.</p