Calculation of the Membrane Thickness of Magnetite Nanoparticles on the Surface of the Transparent Conductive Electrode in the Electric Field

We observe and study the reflection and interference in the two-layer thin film composed of a conductive layer of ITO and dispersed particles of magnetic fluid (magnetite). In an electric field the equivalent thickness of the membrane is increased by varying the thickness of the second layer. At a certain value of the electric field the layer becomes unstable, its thickness varies periodically, autowave process leading to the characteristic active centers (pacemakers), spiral waves (reverberators) was observed

Calculation of the Membrane Thickness of Magnetite Nanoparticles on the Surface of the Transparent Conductive Electrode in the Electric Field

We observe and study the reflection and interference in the two-layer thin film composed of a conductive layer of ITO and dispersed particles of magnetic fluid (magnetite). In an electric field the equivalent thickness of the membrane is increased by varying the thickness of the second layer. At a certain value of the electric field the layer becomes unstable, its thickness varies periodically, autowave process leading to the characteristic active centers (pacemakers), spiral waves (reverberators) was observed

Thickness Calculation of Thin Transparent Conductive Membrane on the Border with a Magnetic Fluid

The determination method of the membrane thickness of ITO (InSnO2). The magnetite nanoparticles in the electric field migrate, forming the thin layer near conductive ITO membrane with varying thickness. Lighting this structure by monochromatic plane polarized light the interference of light in the thin membrane was observed. The experimental values of the intensity of the reflected light from the surface of «ITO – layer of magnetite particles" for samples with different thickness of the conductive coating

Thickness Calculation of Thin Transparent Conductive Membrane on the Border with a Magnetic Fluid

The determination method of the membrane thickness of ITO (InSnO2). The magnetite nanoparticles in the electric field migrate, forming the thin layer near conductive ITO membrane with varying thickness. Lighting this structure by monochromatic plane polarized light the interference of light in the thin membrane was observed. The experimental values of the intensity of the reflected light from the surface of «ITO – layer of magnetite particles" for samples with different thickness of the conductive coating

Pathophysiological changes of the urinary system as a result of unintentional cold injury (scientific and literary review)

Гостре пошкодження нирок (ГПН) спостерігається більш ніж у 40% пацієнтів з холодовою травмою, а функціональний стан нирок при ненавмисній гіпотермії та відмороженнях є прогностичним фактором виживання. У своєму науково-літературному огляді на основі інформації доступних джерел автори вперше спромоглися навести динаміку морфо-функціональних ушкоджень сечовидільної системи в залежності від ступеню загального ненавмисного переохолодження організму. Окремо розглянуто патофізіологічні зміни функції нирок у дореактивному, післяреактивному та у періоді відновлення. Наведено поняття про «смертельну тріаду», «кальцієвий парадокс», «зігрівальний ацидоз» та сучасні біомаркери для визначення раннього ГПН. Автори сподіваються, що зібраний матеріал стане в пригоді практичним лікарям при наданні допомоги постраждалим з випадковою загальною гіпотермією. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is observed in more than 40% of patients with cold injury, and the functional state of the kidneys during unintentional hypothermia and frostbite is a prognostic factor for survival. In thûøscientific and literary review, based on information from available sources, the authors for the first time tried to reveal the dynamics of morpho-functional damage to the urinary system, depending on the degree of general random hypothermia of the body. Separately, pathophysiological changes in kidney function in the pre-reactive, post-reactive and recoveryperiod are considered. The concepts of the “deadly triad”, “calcium paradox”, “warming acidosis” and modern biomarkers for determining early acute renal failure are given. The authors hope that the collected material will be useful for practitioners in assisting victims with accidental general hypothermia

Properties of the Lambda(1520) Resonance from High-Precision Electroproduction Data

High-resolution spectrometer measurements of the reaction H(e,e'K+)X at small Q2 are used to extract the mass and width of the Lambda(1520). We investigate the influence of various assumptions used in the extraction. The width appears to be more sensitive to the assumptions than the mass. To reach a width uncertainty about 1 MeV or better, one needs to know the structure of the non-resonant background. Based on the new Jefferson Lab Hall A data, our final values for the Breit-Wigner parameters are M = 1520.4 +- 0.6 (stat) +- 1.5 (syst) MeV, Gamma = 18.6 +- 1.9 (stat) +- 1 (syst) MeV. For the first time, we also estimate the pole position for this resonance and find that both the pole mass and width seem to be smaller than the Breit-Wigner values.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; corresponds to the published versio

Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter