La nueva política exterior de Venezuela durante la gestión de Hugo Chávez

Se intenta demostrar los profundos cambios sucedidos en la política exterior de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, haciendo referencia ha sus principales ejes temáticos, por lo tanto se concluye, que: Se presenta un Tercermundismo evidenciado a través de la presidencia conjunta del G-15 y del G-77. Una tendencia económica y política hacia la Multipolaridad. En lo político por la diversificación de sus relaciones más allá de Occidente, principalmente Rusia y China. Económicamente, a través del Multilateralismo, con su participación en la presidencia de la OPEP que ha causado la revitalización de la misma. Se retoma la utilización del Petróleo como una constante estructural de la política exterior, e instrumento estratégico de poder y la más importante fuente de ingreso de divisas. El Regionalismo llevado adelante, es producto de la percepción negativa sobre el avance del área de libre comercio hemisférico, fomentando una cooperación con los países de Latinoamérica donde participa estrechamente con los estados integrantes de la AEC y del Caribe, principalmente con Cuba, lo que a traído distintas controversias vis a vis los EE.UU, entendidas como "percepciones contrapuestas". La política exterior venezolana, demuestra un claro giro con respecto a la administración anterior, con un alto tinte nacionalista y de defensa del patrimonio nacional como es el caso del petróleo. Si bien hay un nacionalismo económico, se siguen manteniendo relaciones con los organismos multilaterales de crédito. Además el Estado Venezolano se ha erigido en coordinador y ejecutor, pero no en programador único de la política exterior. Este activismo en la política exterior ha suscitando una relación no sencilla con EE.UU, su primer comprador de petróleo. Activismo que se traduce en América Latina en una búsqueda estratégica y en un acelerado proceso de integración latinoamericana, junto a la participación en distintas cumbres hemisféricas e internacionales Se tiene la percepción que Venezuela integra un eje, denominado “Triple C”, conformado por Brasil, Cuba y Venezuela (Cardozo, Castro, Chávez), aunque “algunos” denominaron “eje del mal”.Aula "C": El Cono Sur y los desafíos tras el 11 de septiembreInstituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

La nueva política exterior de Venezuela durante la gestión de Hugo Chávez (1998-2002)

Se intenta demostrar los profundos cambios sucedidos en la política exterior de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, haciendo referencia ha sus principales ejes temáticos, por lo tanto se concluye, que: Se presenta un Tercermundismo evidenciado a través de la presidencia conjunta del G-15 y del G-77. Una tendencia económica y política hacia la Multipolaridad. En lo político por la diversificación de sus relaciones más allá de Occidente, principalmente Rusia y China. Económicamente, a través del Multilateralismo, con su participación en la presidencia de la OPEP que ha causado la revitalización de la misma. Se retoma la utilización del Petróleo como una constante estructural de la política exterior, e instrumento estratégico de poder y la más importante fuente de ingreso de divisas. El Regionalismo llevado adelante, es producto de la percepción negativa sobre el avance del área de libre comercio hemisférico, fomentando una cooperación con los países de Latinoamérica donde participa estrechamente con los estados integrantes de la AEC y del Caribe, principalmente con Cuba, lo que a traído distintas controversias vis a vis los EE.UU, entendidas como "percepciones contrapuestas". La política exterior venezolana, demuestra un claro giro con respecto a la administración anterior, con un alto tinte nacionalista y de defensa del patrimonio nacional como es el caso del petróleo. Si bien hay un nacionalismo económico, se siguen manteniendo relaciones con los organismos multilaterales de crédito. Además el Estado Venezolano se ha erigido en coordinador y ejecutor, pero no en programador único de la política exterior. Este activismo en la política exterior ha suscitando una relación no sencilla con EE.UU, su primer comprador de petróleo. Activismo que se traduce en América Latina en una búsqueda estratégica y en un acelerado proceso de integración latinoamericana, junto a la participación en distintas cumbres hemisféricas e internacionales Se tiene la percepción que Venezuela integra un eje, denominado “Triple C”, conformado por Brasil, Cuba y Venezuela (Cardozo, Castro, Chávez), aunque “algunos” denominaron “eje del mal”.Aula "C": El Cono Sur y los desafíos tras el 11 de septiembreInstituto de Relaciones Internacionale

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

Search for top squark pair production in a final state with two tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for pair production of the supersymmetric partner of the top quark, the top squark, in proton-proton collision events at s = 13 TeV is presented in a final state containing hadronically decaying tau leptons and large missing transverse momentum. This final state is highly sensitive to high-tan beta or higgsino-like scenarios in which decays of electroweak gauginos to tau leptons are dominant. The search uses a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.2 fb(-1), which was recorded with the CMS detector during 2016 and 2017. No significant excess is observed with respect to the background prediction. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are presented in the top squark and lightest neutralino mass plane within the framework of simplified models, in which top squark masses up to 1100 GeV are excluded for a nearly massless neutralino.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the t(t)over-barb(b)over-bar production cross section in the all-jet final state in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the production cross section of top quark pairs in association with two b jets (t (t) over barb (b) over bar) is presented using data collected in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The cross section is measured in the all-jet decay channel of the top quark pair by selecting events containing at least eight jets, of which at least two are identified as originating from the hadronization of b quarks. A combination of multivariate analysis techniques is used to reduce the large background from multijet events not containing a top quark pair, and to help discriminate between jets originating from top quark decays and other additional jets. The cross section is determined for the total phase space to be 5.5 +/- 0.3 (stat)(-1.3)(+)(1.6) (syst)pb and also measured for two fiducial t (t) over barb (b) over bar, definitions. The measured cross sections are found to be larger than theoretical predictions by a factor of 1.5-2.4, corresponding to 1-2 standard deviations. (C) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Search for a Light Charged Higgs Boson Decaying to a W Boson and a CP-Odd Higgs Boson in Final States with eμμ or μμμ in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 TeV

A search for a light charged Higgs boson (H+) decaying to a W boson and a CP-odd Higgs boson (A) in final states with eμμ or μμμ is performed using data from pp collisions at √s=13  TeV, recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9  fb−1. In this search, it is assumed that the H+ boson is produced in decays of top quarks, and the A boson decays to two oppositely charged muons. The presence of signals for H+ boson masses between 100 and 160 GeV and A boson masses between 15 and 75 GeV is investigated. No evidence for the production of the H+ boson is found. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are obtained on the combined branching fraction for the decay chain, t→bH+→bW+A→bW+μ+μ−, of 1.9×10−6 to 8.6×10−6, depending on the masses of the H+ and A bosons. These are the first limits for these decay modes of the H+ and A bosons.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

© 2020, The Author(s). A search for dark matter (DM) particles is performed using events with a Higgs boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton- proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The search is performed in five Higgs boson decay channels: h → b b ¯ , γγ, τ+τ−, W+W−, and ZZ. The results from the individual channels are combined to maximize the sensitivity of the analysis. No significant excess over the expected standard model background is observed in any of the five channels or in their combination. Limits are set on DM production in the context of two simplified models. The results are also interpreted in terms of a spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section and compared to those from direct-detection DM experiments. This is the first search for DM particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons, and the first statistical combination based on five Higgs boson decay channels. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].SCOAP

Search for supersymmetry in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum

Results are reported from a search for supersymmetric particles in the final state with multiple jets and large missing transverse momentum. The search uses a sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1), representing essentially the full LHC Run 2 data sample. The analysis is performed in a four-dimensional search region defined in terms of the number of jets, the number of tagged bottom quark jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, and the magnitude of the vector sum of jet transverse momenta. No significant excess in the event yield is observed relative to the expected background contributions from standard model processes. Limits on the pair production of gluinos and squarks are obtained in the framework of simplified models for supersymmetric particle production and decay processes. Assuming the lightest supersymmetric particle to be a neutralino, lower limits on the gluino mass as large as 2000 to 2310 GeV are obtained at 95% confidence level, while lower limits on the squark mass as large as 1190 to 1630 GeV are obtained, depending on the production scenario.Peer reviewe

Search for electroweak production of a vector-like T quark using fully hadronic final states

A search is performed for electroweak production of a vector-like top quark partner T of charge 2/3 in association with a top or bottom quark, using proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The search targets T quarks over a wide range of masses and fractional widths, decaying to a top quark and either a Higgs boson or a Z boson in fully hadronic final states. The search is performed using two experimentally distinct signatures that depend on whether or not each quark from the decays of the top quark, Higgs boson, or Z boson produces an individual resolved jet. Jet substructure, b tagging, and kinematic variables are used to identify the top quark and boson jets, and also to suppress the standard model backgrounds. The data are found to be consistent with the expected backgrounds. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the cross sections for T quark-mediated production of tHQq, tZQq, and their sum, where Q is the associated top or bottom heavy quark and q is another associated quark. The limits are given for each search signature for various T quark widths up to 30% of the T quark mass, and are between 2 pb and 20 fb for T quark masses in the range 0.6–2.6 TeV. These results are significantly more sensitive than prior searches for electroweak single production of T → tH and represent the first constraints on T → tZ using hadronic decays of the Z boson with this production mode. [Figure not available: see fulltext.