Percepción cultural del “embarazo y parto”, en las comunidades campesinas del distrito Ayaviri-Puno

Native and Amazonian communities have this tendency to consider pregnancy and childbirth as a cultural and historical process of self-determination. This section deals with traditional knowledge in relation to pregnancy and childbirth, which is still revalued and put into practice in rural areas, however, this knowledge is being displaced by modernity. The objective of the research is aimed at reassessing the cultural perception of "pregnancy and childbirth", linked to customs, beliefs, cultural tradition, the role of midwives and symbolic representations, as a millenary cultural manifestation; This study is qualitative, using the ethnographic design and inductive method. The results describe the customs and beliefs in relation to pregnancy and childbirth associated with food beliefs and importance of supernatural beings and deities; as well as, the popular tradition expressed in celebrations at the family and collective level; The role of midwives is also developed in the therapeutic treatment with plants, minerals and animals, and ultimately the ritual acts related to pregnancy and childbirth are analyzed, as a product of an ancestral cultural heritage still valued in the district's communities. from Ayaviri-Puno.Las comunidades nativas y amazónicas tienen esa tendencia en considerar el embrazo y parto, como un proceso cultural e histórico de libre determinación. El presente apartado trata sobre los conocimientos tradicionales en relación al embarazo y parto, los cuales aún son revalorados y puestos en práctica en las zonas rurales, sin embargo, estos conocimientos están siendo desplazados por la modernidad. El objetivo de la investigación esta orientado en revalorar la percepción cultural del “embarazo y parto”, vinculados a las costumbres, creencias, tradición cultural, la función de las parteras y representaciones simbólicas, como una manifestación cultural milenaria; es estudio es de corte cualitativo, se utiliza el diseño etnográfico y método inductivo. En los resultados se describe las costumbres y creencias en relación al embarazo y parto asociadas a las creencias alimentarias e importancia seres sobrenaturales y deidades; así como, la tradición popular expresado en celebraciones a nivel familiar y colectivo; se desarrolla tambien la función de las parteras en el tratamiento terapéutico con plantas, minerales y animales, y en última instancia se analiza los actos rituales relacionados al embarazo y parto, como producto de una herencia cultural ancestral aún puesta en valor en las comunidades del distrito de Ayaviri-Puno

Factores contributivos del programa Pensión 65 y su relación con el bienestar del adulto mayor

Aging leads to the physical and mental deterioration of the person, it is a stage of maximum fragility, so the presence of social assistance programs that promote a decent stay at this stage is dispensable. For this reason, the Pension 65 program emerges, whose purpose is to ensure the well-being of the elderly living in poverty. Therefore, the objective of the research was to determine the contributory factors of the Pension 65 program and its relationship with the well-being of the elderly in the district of Pilcuyo, province of El Collao. The study was framed within the quantitative approach of the correlational type, non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 196 elderly beneficiaries. The results showed that there is a relationship between: household targeting (r=0.903**) and affiliation criteria, non-contributory pension (r=0.875**) and access to basic services, and between social assistance (r=0.890* *) and social satisfaction. In conclusion, the contributory factors of Pension 65 are significantly related (+0.891**, p<0.05) with the well-being of the elderly.El envejecimiento conlleva al deterioro físico y mental de la persona, es una etapa de máxima fragilidad, por lo que se hace prescindible la presencia de programas de asistencia social que fomente una estadía digna en esta etapa. En razón a ello, emerge el programa Pensión 65 cuyo propósito es asegurar el bienestar de las personas de la tercera edad en situación de pobreza. Por ende, el objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los factores contributivos del programa Pensión 65 y su relación con el bienestar del adulto mayor en el distrito de Pilcuyo, provincia de El Collao. El estudio se enmarcó dentro del enfoque cuantitativo del tipo correlacional, diseño no-experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 196 adultos mayores beneficiarios. Los resultados evidenciaron que existe relación entre: focalización de hogares (r=0,903**) y criterios de afiliación, pensión no contributiva (r=0,875**) y acceso a los servicios básicos, y entre la asistencia social (r=0,890**) y satisfacción social. En conclusión, los factores contributivos de Pensión 65 se relacionan de forma significativa (+0,891**, p<0,05) con el bienestar del adulto mayor

Eficiencia de la medicina tradicional para el tratamiento del susto en las comunidades de la zona sur de Puno, 2023

Susto is a form of fear that occurs in all people, producing an emotional imbalance. This phenomenon is acquired in sacred and enchanted places, and in twilight hours, which generally affects the intellectual performance and routine activity of people. The purpose of this research was to examine the efficiency of traditional medicine for the treatment of susto in the communities of the southern area of Puno. The research is qualitative-inductive, descriptive-ethnographic; The in-depth interview was used as an instrument; For the analysis and interpretation of the findings, Atlas TI software was used for the analysis. The results considered the diagnosis of susto, carried out with the analysis of the reading of coca by the yatiris, to determine the patient's condition, an X-ray of the guinea pig (cavia porcellus) was used, associated with symptoms of natural and supernatural susto; For the forms of treatment, the procedure was carried out with the intervention of animals, birds, plants and minerals. The ritual practices are carried out by the yatiris, who participate with prayers, the use of offerings, clothing and a bell pronouncing the name of the patient to call the spirit and reduce the psychosocial state of the sick person with fright.El susto es una forma de espanto que se presenta en todas las personas, produciendo un desequilibrio emocional. Este fenómeno es adquirido en lugares sagrados y encantados, y en horas crepusculares, que generalmente afecta el desempeño intelectual y la actividad rutinaria de las personas. El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar la eficiencia de la medicina tradicional para el tratamiento del susto en las comunidades de la zona sur de Puno. La investigación es de corte cualitativo-inductivo, del tipo descriptivo-etnográfico; como instrumento se empleó la entrevista a profundidad; para el análisis e interpretación de los hallazgos se hizo uso del software Atlas ti para el análisis. En los resultados se consideró el diagnóstico del susto, realizado con el análisis de la lectura de coca por los yatiris, para determinar el estado del paciente se empleó la radiografía del cuy (cavia porcellus), asociados a síntomas del susto natural y sobrenatural; para las formas de tratamiento, se realizó el procedimiento con la intervención de animales, aves, plantas y minerales. Las practicas rituales son ejecutados por los yatiris, quienes participan con oraciones, uso de ofrendas, prendas de vestir y campanilla pronunciando el nombre del paciente para llamar el ánimo y disminuir el estado psicosocial del enfermo con susto

Orientaciones disciplinarias y enfoques metodológicos en la Investigación Educativa de la UAEM

Publicación derivada del primer congreso internacional de investigación educativa organizado por la red de cuerpos académicos en investigación educativa adscrito en la facultad de geografía de la UAEM.A tres años de su creación la REDCAIE de la UAEM, celebra organizando el Primer Congreso Internacional de Investigación Educativa (CIIE), haciendo participe a sus más de 100 integrantes para colaborar con las experiencias en la indagación del proceso educativo desde las diferentes orientaciones disciplinares y los enfoques metodológicos. Derivado del CIIE, se integra el presente libro electrónico con 27 capítulos integrados en seis apartados que nos presentan de forma particular la investigación educativa en; las ciencias naturales y exactas, las ciencias de la salud, en las tecnologías en la información y comunicación, en el Nivel Medio Superior, Formación y Práctica Docente, así como un anexo sobre las experiencias en la asesoría de tesis sobre investigación educativa. De esta forma, el presente documento, da cuenta de un primer acercamiento al objeto de estudio de los procesos académicos y las prácticas institucionales de la REDACIE de la UAEM, atendiendo su misión de generar trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario, interinstitucional e intercultural como una vía para aportar conocimiento significativo y relevante para profesionalizar la docencia universitaria y orientar la repercusión favorable de sus resultados en el aprendizaje y enseñanza de las ciencias.Facultad de Geografía, RedCA, DECYD, IESU

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p&lt;0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (&lt;1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (&lt;1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

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An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe