INFLUÊNCIA DE UM ÁCIDO GRAXO ADICIONADO AO DILUENTE SEMINAL SOBRE A INTEGRIDADE DA MEMBRANA PLASMÁTICA DE ESPERMATOZOIDES CAPRINOS CRIOPRESERVADOS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of supplementing different concentrations (0.5μM, 5μM and 50μM) of polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid to the TRIS-yolk diluter on the integrity of the plasma membrane during the cryopreservation of goat sperm. For this purpose, four Anglo-nubian goats were used, in which five samples / animal were collected, using artificial vagina. After evaluating the swirling and motility of the ejaculates, the pool was made, then diluted in TRIS-Gem and divided according to the treatments. After processing, the samples were packaged in 0.25mL straws and cryopreserved using the TK 3000® machine. Defrosting occurred after at least 5 days of storage in a cryogenic cylinder. Then, the integrity of the plasma membrane of goat sperm post cryopreservation was carried out, using the double staining method, where carboxyfluorescein diacetate (DCF) and propidium iodide (IP) were used. The data were analyzed and the results of the researched variable were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear models procedure (Proc GLM) and the Duncan test was used to compare the means, with a 5% probability. The analyzes were performed using the Statistical Analysis System program (SAS Institute Inc, 2013). After analysis, it was observed that the control group had the best percentage, and differed significantly (p<0.05) from the treatment with 50μM of arachidonic acid. It was concluded that the 50μM arachidonic acid concentration is not effective to maintain the integrity of the plasma membrane, and to minimize the oxidative stress of cryopreservation.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos antioxidantes da suplementação de diferentes concentrações (0,5μM, 5μM e 50μM) de ácido graxo poliinsaturado, ácido araquidônico ao diluidor TRIS-gema sobre a integridade da membrana plasmática durante a criopreservação de sêmen caprino. Para tanto, foram utilizadas quatro cabras anglo-núbias, nas quais foram coletadas cinco amostras/animal, utilizando vagina artificial. Após avaliar o turbilhão e a motilidade dos ejaculados, foi feito o pool, diluído em TRIS-Gem e dividido de acordo com os tratamentos. Após o processamento, as amostras foram acondicionadas em palhetas de 0,25mL e criopreservadas em máquina TK 3000®. O degelo ocorreu após pelo menos 5 dias de armazenamento em cilindro criogênico. Em seguida, foi realizada a integridade da membrana plasmática de espermatozoides caprinos pós-criopreservação, utilizando o método de dupla coloração, onde foram utilizados diacetato de carboxifluoresceína (DCF) e iodeto de propídio (IP). Os dados foram analisados e os resultados da variável pesquisada foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) pelo procedimento de modelos lineares gerais (Proc GLM) e para comparação de médias foi utilizado o teste de Duncan, com probabilidade de 5%. As análises foram realizadas por meio do programa Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc, 2013). Após análise, observou-se que o grupo controle apresentou a melhor porcentagem, diferindo significativamente (p<0,05) do tratamento com 50μM de ácido araquidônico. Concluiu-se que a concentração de 50μM de ácido araquidônico não é eficaz para manter a integridade da membrana plasmática e minimizar o estresse oxidativo da criopreservação

SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DO ÁCIDO OLEICO NO DILENTE SEMINAL SOBRE O POTENCIAL MITOCONDRIAL DE ESPERMATOZOIDES CAPRINOS CRIOPRESERVADOS

The research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of supplementation of 0.5μM, 5μM and 50μM of oleic acid to the TRIS-yolk extender on the mitochondrial potential (MIT) during the cryopreservation of goat sperm. For that, four Anglo-nubian goats were used, in which five samples / animal were collected, using artificial vagina. After evaluating the swirling and motility of the ejaculates, the pool was made, then diluted in TRIS-Gem and divided according to the treatments. After processing, the samples were packaged in 0.25mL straws and cryopreserved using the TK 3000® machine. After a minimum of 5 days of storage in a cryogenic cylinder, thawing was performed to assess the MIT of goat sperm after cryopreservation, using the lipophilic cationic fluorochrome JC-1. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the general linear models procedure (Proc GLM), and the Duncan test was used to compare the averages, with a 5% probability. The analyzes were performed using the Statistical Analysis System program (SAS Institute Inc, 2013). Thus, it was observed that the concentrations of 0.5μM and 5μM of oleic acid maintained the mitochondrial potential similar to the control, differing (p<0.05) only the concentration of 50μM. It can be concluded that 0.5μM and 5μM oleic acid are able to maintain the mitochondrial potential, prolonging the viability of cryopreserved goat sperm.A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito antioxidante da suplementação de 0,5μM, 5μM e 50μM de ácido oleico ao diluidor TRIS-gema sobre o potencial mitocondrial (MIT) durante a criopreservação de sêmen caprino. Para tanto, foram utilizadas quatro cabras anglo-núbias, nas quais foram coletadas cinco amostras/animal, utilizando vagina artificial. Após avaliar o turbilhão e a motilidade dos ejaculados, foi feito o pool, diluído em TRIS-Gem e dividido de acordo com os tratamentos. Após o processamento, as amostras foram acondicionadas em palhetas de 0,25mL e criopreservadas em máquina TK 3000®. Após um período mínimo de 5 dias de armazenamento em cilindro criogênico, foi realizado o descongelamento para avaliação do MIT do sêmen caprino após a criopreservação, utilizando o fluorocromo catiônico lipofílico JC-1. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), utilizando-se o procedimento de modelos lineares gerais (Proc GLM), e o teste de Duncan foi utilizado para comparar as médias, com probabilidade de 5%. As análises foram realizadas por meio do programa Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc, 2013). Assim, observou-se que as concentrações de 0,5μM e 5μM de ácido oleico mantiveram o potencial mitocondrial semelhante ao controle, diferindo (p<0,05) apenas da concentração de 50μM. Pode-se concluir que 0,5μM e 5μM de ácido oleico são capazes de manter o potencial mitocondrial, prolongando a viabilidade do esperma caprino criopreservado

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others