Le débat sur la diglossie en France : aspects scientifiques et politiques

This article outlines the diglossic approach to intra-speaker grammatical variation (Ferguson 1959), wherein speaker—hearers acquire two grammars which are socio-stylistically distinct – one H(igh), the other L(ow) – but linguistically related (to the extent that users regard them as the same language), and then engage one or other of them (but do not mix them) in their active productions. It then sets out how a case could be made for such a model to capture variation in contemporary France, in place of the variationist model which envisages a single, flexible grammar, e.g., the bipolarity, strength and non-random nature of the sociolinguistic H—L distinction, the differing pattern of acquisition of H and L forms, the tendency for L forms to encroach on H terrain (rather than vice versa), and the internal coherence of each of the H and L varieties. Finally, the article sketches the politico-moral dimension to the debate, extending beyond scientific objectivity, and relating to the treatment of non-standard linguistic behaviour in context of the socio-cultural status of the standard

Bcl-wav and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter drive gastrula morphogenesis in zebrafish.

International audienceBcl-2 proteins are acknowledged as key regulators of programmed cell death. However, increasing data suggest additional roles, including regulation of the cell cycle, metabolism and cytoskeletal dynamics. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a new Bcl-2-related multidomain apoptosis accelerator, Bcl-wav, found in fish and frogs. Genetic and molecular studies in zebrafish indicate that Bcl-wav and the recently identified mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) contribute to the formation of the notochord axis by controlling blastomere convergence and extension movements during gastrulation. Furthermore, we found that Bcl-wav controls intracellular Ca(2+) trafficking by acting on the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, and possibly on MCU, with direct consequences on actin microfilament dynamics and blastomere migration guidance. Thus, from an evolutionary point of view, the original function of Bcl-2 proteins might have been to contribute in controlling the global positioning system of blastomeres during gastrulation, a critical step in metazoan development

A LINGUAGEM POSTA À PROVA PELO TEMPO: CARLO GINZBURG E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO

A produção historiográfica de Carlo Ginzburg parece estar cada vez mais consolidada no Brasil, a ponto de ser alvo de inúmeras análises, interpretações e críticas. Contudo, este historiador ainda é pouco conhecido pelo público acadêmico, com destaque para os intelectuais que se debruçam sobre história e história da educação. Partindo deste contexto, a proposta central deste artigo será a de promover reflexões sobre o “paradigma indiciário” proposto por Ginzburg. Para tanto, apresentamos o percurso formativo, as obras de cunho teórico-metodológico e as perspectivas analíticas deste historiador, bem como possíveis relações que se pode estabelecer com os domínios da Linguagem, especificamente a Análise do Discurso, caso da corrente representada por Michel Pêcheux.