A stationary visual census technique for quantitatively assessing community structure of coral reef fishes

A new method is described and evaluated for visually sampling reef fish community structure in environments with highly diverse and abundant reef fish populations. The method is based on censuses of reef fishes taken within a cylinder of 7.5 m radius by a diver at randomly selected, stationary points. The method provides quantitative data on frequency of occnrrence, fish length, abundance, and community composition, and is simple, fast, objective, and repeatable. Species are accumulated rapidly for listing purposes, and large numbers of samples are easily obtained for statistical treatment. The method provides an alternative to traditional visual sampling methods. Observations showed that there were no significant differences in total numbers of species or individuals censused when visibility ranged between 8 and 30 m. The reefs and habitats sampled were significant sources of variation in number of species and individuals censused, but the diver was not a significant influence. Community similarity indices were influenced significantly by the specific sampling site and the reef sampled, but were not significantly affected by the habitat or diver (PDF file contains 21 pages.

Resource survey of Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary, 1983

Forward: Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary (LKNMS) was designated in 1981 to protect and promote the study, teaching, and wise use of the resources of Looe Key Sanctuary (Plate A). In order to wisely manage this valuable resource, a quantitative resource inventory was funded by the Sanctuary Programs Division (SPD), Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in cooperation with the Southeast Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA; the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami; the Fisher Island Laboratory, United States Geological Survey; and the St. Petersburg Laboratory, State of Florida Department of Natural Resources. This report is the result of this cooperative effort. The objective of this study was to quantitatively inventory selected resources of LKNMS in order to allow future monitoring of changes in the Sanctuary as a result of human or natural processes. This study, referred to as Phase I, gives a brief summary of past and present uses of the Sanctuary (Chapter 2); and describes general habitat types (Chapter 3), geology and sediment distribution (Chapter 4), coral abundance and distribution (Chapter 5), the growth history of the coral Montastraea annularis (Chapter 6), reef fish abundance and distribution (Chapter 7), and status of selected resources (Chapter 8). An interpretation of the results of the survey are provided for management consideration (Chapter 9). The results are expected to provide fundamental information for applied management, natural history interpretation, and scientific research. Numerous photographs and illustrations were used to supplement the report to make the material presented easier to comprehend (Plate B). We anticipate the information provided will be used by managers, naturalists, and the general public in addition to scientists. Unless otherwise indicated, all photographs were taken at Looe Key Reef by Dr. James A. Bohnsack. The top photograph in Plate 7.8 was taken by Michael C. Schmale. Illustrations were done by Jack Javech, NMFS. Field work was initiated in May 1983 and completed for the most part by October 1983 thanks to the cooperation of numerous people and organizations. In addition to the participating agencies and organizations we thank the Newfound Harbor Marine Institute and the Division of Parks and Recreation, State of Florida Department of Natural Resources for their logistical support. Special thanks goes to Billy Causey, the Sanctuary Manager, for his help, information, and comments. We thank in alphabetical order: Scott Bannerot, Margie Bastian, Bill Becker, Barbara Bohnsack, Grant Beardsley, John Halas, Raymond Hixon, Irene Hooper, Eric Lindblad, and Mike Schmale. We dedicate this effort to the memory of Ray Hixon who participated in the study and who loved Looe Key. (PDF contains 43 pages

The interpretation of pictures and the documentary method

Der Autor stellt die dokumentarische Methode der Bildinterpretation vor und bezieht sich dabei auf die Wissenssoziologie von Karl Mannheim in Verbindung mit ausgewählten Methoden und Theorien der Kunstgeschichte und der Semiotik. Er begründet die Bildinterpretation als qualitative sozialwissenschaftliche Methode zunächst in theoretischer und methodologischer Hinsicht. Die dokumentarische Methode ist demnach in ganz besonderer Weise in der Lage, der Bildhaftigkeit (Ikonizität) von Medien gerecht zu werden und diese zugleich mit textbasierten Verfahren zu verbinden. Aus methodischer Sicht geht es vor allem um die Rekonstruktion jenes Habitus, der sich in Einzelbildern dokumentiert. Der Autor unterscheidet zwischen einer formulierenden Interpretation ("Was"), die eine Beschreibung von Vorder-, Mittel- und Hintergrund des Bildes auf der vor-ikonografischen Ebene umfasst, und einer reflektierenden Interpretation ("Wie"), die eine ikonologische Analyse der formalen Komposition des Bildes darstellt. Nach seiner These kann ein Bild zwar "im Augenblick" erfasst werden, aber für die Interpretation wird ein geeignetes Instrumentarium benötigt, das zum Beispiel aus der genauen Analyse des Bildaufbaus bestehen kann. Der Autor stellt im zweiten Teil seines Beitrags die dokumentarische Methode der Bildinterpretation in ihrer forschungspraktischen Vorgehensweise und ihren einzelnen Arbeitsschritten exemplarisch anhand von Werbe- und Familienfotos dar. (ICI

MercyOne Therapy Rooms

My poster will be about my volunteer work with MercyOne along with information regarding occupational therapy. I will discuss the tasks I completed at MercyOne and what I observed while in the therapy area. In addition, I will include a section about what occupational therapy is. I will do research on food therapy since that is a useful technique occupational therapist utilize and I believe others should be educated on. At the end, I will include my future plans to become a pediatric occupational therapist

The interpretation of pictures and the documentary method

'The considerable progress in qualitative methods is directly connected with developments in the field of text-interpretation. On the basis of a thorough reconstruction of their formal structures texts are treated as autonomous domains of self-referential systems. Such a methodological status has been denied to pictures in empirical research in the field of social sciences up until now. The documentary method, based on Karl Mannheim's Sociology of Knowledge, opens up methodical access to pictures. Methodologies from art history (Panofsky, Imdahl) can thus become relevant for empirical research in social sciences. Connections to semiotics (Barthes, Eco) and philosophy (Foucault) are worked out in their consequences for qualitative methods. Thus verbal contextual and preknowledge can be controlled methodically in the documentary interpretation of pictures. The reconstruction of formal structure of pictures becomes of central importance in analysis. All of this will be demonstrated by examples from research practice.' (author's abstract

Documentary method an group discussions :

Der Autor diskutiert im ersten Teil seines Beitrags die zentralen methodologischen und epistemologischen Fragestellungen der dokumentarischen Methode. Er knüpft dabei an die methodologische Tradition der Kultur- und Wissenssoziologie Karl Mannheims an und zeigt, dass die Auswertungen mit der dokumentarischen Methode zum Ziel haben, die soziale Welt aus der Perspektive der Handelnden zu betrachten. Dabei ist die Analyse des handlungspraktischen Erfahrungswissens ein zentraler Gegenstand der Rekonstruktionen. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für den Nachvollzug der betrachteten sozialen Welt ist dabei die Offenheit des Feldzugangs. Diese gelingt nur, wenn die Erforschten die Möglichkeit haben, ihre eigenen Relevanzsysteme zu entfalten. Mit Hilfe der dokumentarischen Methode können Daten erhoben werden, die beispielsweise in Gruppendiskussionen möglichst wenig durch Impulse oder Fragen unterbrochen werden. In der Interaktion, die durch solche Diskussionen angeregt wird, kann somit ein unmittelbares Verstehen derjenigen Teilnehmenden, die zum selben Milieu, zur selben Generation oder zum selben Geschlecht gehören, beobachtet werden. Der Autor stellt im zweiten Teil seines Beitrags exemplarisch die Interpretation einer Gruppendiskussion vor, die im Rahmen eines qualitativ vergleichenden Forschungsprojekts zu Jugendlichen türkischer Herkunft der zweiten und dritten Generation in Deutschland durchgeführt wurde. (ICI

Novel multifunctional porous coordination polymers from pre-synthetically modified organophosphorus ligands

Phosphine-based Porous Coordination Polymers (PCPs) have shown promising results as gas storage, gas separations, and molecular sensing materials due the versatility of the P(III)/P(V) chemistry, coupled with the inherent 3-dimensionality of the ligands. A variety of pre-synthetically modified organophosphine linkers have been reacted with alkali earth metals, early transition metals, and lanthanides to produce a series of Phosphine Coordination Materials (PCMs) with a wide array of topologies and pore functionalities. A p-carboxylated triphenylphosphine oxide linker, tctpoH₃, has been reacted with Mg(II) to form the thermally robust PCM-11, which possesses superior room-temperature CO₂ adsorption capacity at 12 bar. A new tetrahedral phosphonium salt, tctp⁺H₃, has been synthesized by the Pd(II)-catalyzed reaction of p-carboxylated triphenylphosphine with 4-iodobenzoic acid to produce a zwitterionic monophosphine precursor. Upon examination of its crystal structure, it was found that tctp⁺H₃ possesses a high degree of hydrogen-bonding between neighboring carboxylic acid groups, which causes it to polymerize into a porous, metal-free, ionically-bonded coordination polymer, iPCM-1. This phosphonium linker has been reacted with a series of Ln(III) precursors to form an isostructural set of PCMs that exhibit characteristic lanthanide luminescence properties. Several PCPs have been developed from a new bis(phosphine)MCl₂ (M = Pd, Pt) complex upon reaction with early transition metals. Zn(II)-based PCM-18 exhibits unusual and fully reversible H₂ adsorption at 150 °C, as well as post-synthetic reactivity inside the pores of the material. Co(II)-based PCM-24 also displays similar high-temperature H₂ sorption behavior, along with a reversible pink to blue color change upon activation, indicative of a symmetry transformation from O [subscript h] to T [subscript d] about the metal node.Chemistr

Shifting Baselines, Marine Reserves, and Leopold\u27s Biotic Ethic

Different human expectations and environmental ethics are key factors preventing the creation of marine reserve networks. People are skeptical about the benefits of no-take marine reserves because they have adjusted to scarcity and have low expectations about the productive capability of marine ecosystems. Pauly (1995) described this as a shifting baseline in which each generation sets its expectations based on its direct experiences and discounts experiences of previous generations. I show evidence of a declining Caribbean baseline based on Nassau grouper landings from Cuba and the U.S., and review common and often conflicting types of conservation ethics existing in North America. No-take marine reserves can help reestablish human expectations about resource productivity by restoring past conditions in places. Leopold’s biotic ethic provides a framework for achieving sustainable resource use based on laws of ecology and human self-interest. Because changing expectations usually requires direct local experience, education, and changes in conservation ethics, implementing successful marine reserve networks will probably be a slow, incremental process. Establishing no-take reserves can help restore human expectations and provide a common basis for conservation by providing a window to the past and a vision for the future

40S ribosome biogenesis co-factors are essential for gametophyte and embryo development

Ribosome biogenesis is well described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast only very little information is available on this pathway in plants. This study presents the characterization of five putative protein co-factors of ribosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, namely Rrp5, Pwp2, Nob1, Enp1 and Noc4. The characterization of the proteins in respect to localization, enzymatic activity and association with pre-ribosomal complexes is shown. Additionally, analyses of T-DNA insertion mutants aimed to reveal an involvement of the plant co-factors in ribosome biogenesis. The investigated proteins localize mainly to the nucleolus or the nucleus, and atEnp1 and atNob1 co-migrate with 40S pre-ribosomal complexes. The analysis of T-DNA insertion lines revealed that all proteins are essential in Arabidopsis thaliana and mutant plants show alterations of rRNA intermediate abundance already in the heterozygous state. The most significant alteration was observed in the NOB1 T-DNA insertion line where the P-A3 fragment, a 23S-like rRNA precursor, accumulated. The transmission of the T-DNA through the male and female gametophyte was strongly inhibited indicating a high importance of ribosome co-factor genes in the haploid stages of plant development. Additionally impaired embryogenesis was observed in some mutant plant lines. All results support an involvement of the analyzed proteins in ribosome biogenesis but differences in rRNA processing, gametophyte and embryo development suggested an alternative regulation in plants