Diseño e implementación de un sistema de segmentación de los juegos de casinos de acuerdo con su nivel de actividad

El sector al cual apunta nuestro proyecto es el sector de la industria del Juego, específicamente en el sistema de las máquinas tragamonedas, las cuales bajo la perspectiva de un modelo de minería de datos permita a los administradores obtener conclusiones a fin de aplicarlas en su modelo de negocios. Específicamente tratamos el negocio de la empresa Interecuador S.A. dedicada al negocio de explotación de máquinas tragamonedas en calle, en locales y en salas de juego y casinos. El negocio posee diversos productos que pueden ser catalogados bajo dos grandes categorías: Mesas y máquinas. Dentro de mesas abarca todos los juegos de azar basados en cartas que tienen la intervención humana, este tipo de productos es exclusivo de casinos. Dentro de máquinas existen múltiples variedades de marcas, modelos y juegos los cuales se utilizan tanto en el negocio de calle, locales, casinos y salas de juego. Dadas las diversas características de los mismos es necesaria la implementación de un método que nos permita explorar los datos y encontrar la mejor combinación de características de determinada máquina de manera que su implementación en determinado local basado en la estadística me garantice la mejor producción de la misma

Avaliação da percepção de cooperação desportiva: Propriedades psicométricas da adaptação portuguesa do CCD

O principal objectivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma sugestão de versão portuguesa do Questionário de Cooperação Desportiva (Garcia-Mas et al., 2006). Este instrumento avalia o grau de cooperação numa situação desportiva, baseada na interacção interpessoal e na busca dos objectivos por parte dos jogadores relativamente aos objectivos da equipa, do treinador e dos seus companheiros. As qualidades psicométricas do instrumento foram avaliadas numa amostra de 127 atletas praticantes de futebol. A análise factorial confirmatória original revelou que os dados obtidos com a versão portuguesa não apresentam uma total sobreposição aos obtidos com a versão espanhola. Assim, adoptando uma estratégia exploratória e tendo em conta a dupla fonte de cooperação (disposicional e situacional), propôs-se uma forma de melhorar a validade de constructo do questionário através de uma nova estrutura factorial e da eliminação de alguns itens. A versão final do QCD-p é composta por 12 itens distribuídos por dois factores disposicionais (Cooperação Condicionada e Cooperação Incondicionada) e um factor situacional (Cooperação com o Treinador).ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study is to present a proposal for the Portuguese version of the “Cuestionário de Cooperación Deportiva” (Garcia-Mas, 2006). This instrument assesses the degree of cooperation in a sportive situation, based on interpersonal interaction and the pursuit of objectives by the players on the objectives of the team, the coach and the companions. The psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated in a sample of 127 soccer athletes. Confirmatory factor analysis of the original factorial structure revealed that the data in the Portuguese sample did not exactly match the structure obtained in the Spanish version. Thus, adopting an exploratory strategy and taking into account the dual source of cooperation (dispositional and situational), we proposed a way to improve the construct validity of the questionnaire through a new factorial structure and by the deletion of some items. The final version of the QCD-p consists of 12 items distributed by two dispositional factors (Conditional Cooperation and Cooperation Unconditional) and a situational factor (Cooperation with the Coach)

Cohesión y cooperación en equipos deportivos

La cohesión y la cooperación son dos mecanismos psicológicos del equipo diferentes teóricamente, y relativamente independientes. En este trabajo se pretende estudiar, en una muestra de 945 jugadores de fútbol de competición, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (media: 14.7 y dt: 1.8) los niveles de cohesión y de cooperación, y su relación entre sí, así como con otras variables. Los resultados indican que los factores de la cohesión deportiva se comportan casi como un factor único, al contrario de lo que ocurre con la cooperación, y que existe rela-ción entre cooperación incondicionada y cohesión. Se ha hallado diferencia significativa entre los jugadores titulares y suplentes, respecto de la coope-ración condicionada y de la cohesión global, pero no aparecen cambios con la posición de juego ni con los años de práctica. Finalmente, la co-hesión puede ser determinada en parte por la cooperación, mientras que el factor de la cohesión de la aceptación de roles se demuestra relevante para ambos constructos. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Cohesion and cooperation are two psychological mechanisms of teams that are theoretically different and relatively independent. The intent of this study was to assess the levels of cohesion and cooperation and the relationships between them, as well as other variables, in a sample of 945 competitive football players between the ages of 12 and 18 years (M = 14.7, SD = 1.8). The results indicate that the factors of athletic cohesion behave almost as one single factor, which is the opposite of what happens with cooperation, and that there is a relationship between uncon-ditional cooperation and cohesion. There is a significant difference be-tween starting and bench players with regard to the conditional coopera-tion and overall cohesion, but there are no differences with regard to player's position nor with the years of practice. Finally, cohesion may be determined in part by cooperation, while the factor of cohesion of the acceptance of roles has been demonstrated to be relevant for both con-structs

Biomass estimation of bluefin tuna in sea cages by the combined use of acoustic and optical techniques

[EN] In this paper, an experimental setup to estimate the biomass of caged bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Spanish Mediterranean coast is presented. Aims are to monitor individual tuna during all stages of growth, to control the transfer of fish caught in purse seines to towing cages and to be able to estimate the total number of specimens and the biomass transferred. To do this, we propose a combined system of acoustic and optical techniques (both non-intrusive), in order to obtain direct values of acoustical target strength (TS) and information on the orientation of tuna inside the acoustic beam and their size. To achieve complete information, ventral and dorsal acoustic measurements are done using in a first attempt a multiplexed scientific echosounder with two 200 KHz split-beam transducers, while a stereoscopic video system provides optical information and allows estimating the size and the weight of the specimens. Preliminary results indicate that this combined use of techniques provides precise information to determine the TS as a function of fish orientation and for proper monitoring of tuna in floating cages.[FR] Le présent document décrit une expérience visant à estimer la biomasse du thon rouge mis en cages (Thunnus thynnus) sur la côte méditerranéenne espagnole. Le but recherché est de faire un suivi de chaque thon pendant tous les stages de la croissance, de contrôler le transfert des poissons capturés par les senneurs vers les cages des remorqueurs et de pouvoir estimer le nombre total de spécimens et la biomasse transférée. A cette fin, nous proposons un système combiné de techniques acoustiques et optiques (les deux non invasives), en vue d'obtenir des valeurs directes de la force acoustique cible (TS) et des informations sur l'orientation des thons à l'intérieur du rayon acoustique, ainsi que sur leur taille. Afin d'obtenir des informations complètes, des mesures acoustiques ventrales et dorsales sont réalisées à l'aide, tout d'abord, d'un échosondeur scientifique multiplexe doté de deux transducteurs de type split beam de 200 KHz, tandis qu'un système vidéo stéréoscopique fournit des informations optiques et permet d'estimer la taille et le poids des spécimens. Les résultats préliminaires indiquent que cet emploi combiné de techniques fournit des informations précises visant à déterminer la force cible comme une fonction de l'orientation des poissons et à effectuer un suivi adéquat des thons dans les cages flottantes.[ES] En este documento se presenta un diseño experimental para estimar la biomasa de atún rojo introducido en jaulas (Thunnus thynnus) en la costa española mediterránea. Los objetivos son realizar un seguimiento de los atunes a nivel individual, durante todas las fases de crecimiento, controlar la transferencia de ejemplares capturados por los cerqueros a las jaulas de remolque y estimar el número total de ejemplares y la biomasa transferida. Para ello, se propone un sistema combinado de técnicas acústicas y ópticas (ambas no intrusivas) con el fin de obtener valores directos de la fuerza de la señal acústica (TS) e información sobre la orientación de los atunes dentro del haz acústico y sobre su talla. Para conseguir información completa, las mediciones acústicas dorsales y ventrales se realizaron utilizando en un primer intento ecosonda científica multiplexeada con dos transductores de 200 KHz con haz dividido, mientras que el sistema de vídeo estereoscópico proporciona información óptica y permite estimar la talla y peso de los ejemplares. Los resultados preliminares indican que este uso combinado de técnicas proporciona información precisa para determinar la TS como una función de la orientación de los peces y para realizar un seguimiento adecuado de los atunes en las jaulas flotantes.Puig Pons, V.; Espinosa Roselló, V.; Soliveres González, E.; Ortega, A.; Belmonte, A.; De La Gándara García, F. (2012). Biomass estimation of bluefin tuna in sea cages by the combined use of acoustic and optical techniques. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. 68(1):284-290. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/50254S28429068

The Atlantic Bonito ( Sarda sarda,Bloch 1793) Transcriptome and Detection of Differential Expression during Larvae Development

Versión del editor

Evaluation of different feeding protocols for larvae of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.)

Mass mortality is still one of the main constraints in larval rearing of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.; ABT). Early data related to the feeding sequence of ABT larvae suggested that mortality observed during the first stages of life could be partly due to nutritional deficiencies. Previous studies demonstrated that copepods ap- peared to be a superior live prey compared to rotifers during the first 2 weeks of life. Our overarching aim was to evaluate different feeding strategies during first feeding of ABT larvae from a performance, compositional and molecular perspective. In order to do so, two groups of ABT larvae were fed with either copepod (Acartia tonsa; C) nauplii or rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis; R) enriched with Algamac 3050® from mouth opening to 13 days after hatching (dah). After this, the group C-larvae was fed either Artemia enriched with Algamac 3050® (CA), Acartia nauplii and copepodites (CC) or sea bream (Sparus aurata) yolk-sac larvae (CY), while the R group were fed on Artemia enriched with Algamac 3050® (RA) up to 18 dah. At 13 dah, larvae fed copepods (C) had grown better than those fed enriched rotifers (R) although there were no significant differences in survival. ABT larvae fed R accumulated highest eicosapentaenoate (EPA) but lowest docosahexaenoate (DHA) and total n-3 long- chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) than C-fed larvae, reflecting the dietary contents. There was no activation in the expression of the enzymes involved in EPA and DHA biosynthesis. However, the different live prey showed regulation of transcription factor, digestive enzyme, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress genes. At 18 dah, larvae fed CY and CA treatments were largest in size, with larvae fed RA displaying the lowest growth, with no significant differences in survival among the dietary treatments. The highest DHA contents were found in ABT larvae fed CC and CY, whereas the lowest contents were found in RA-fed larvae. Indeed, larvae fed RA showed the highest level of the intermediate product n-3 docosapentaenoate, which could reflect increased activity of the biosynthetic pathway although this was not supported by gene expression data.Versión del editor2,04

Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities.

BACKGROUND: The systematic evaluation of the results of time-series studies of air pollution is challenged by differences in model specification and publication bias. METHODS: We evaluated the associations of inhalable particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) and fine PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) with daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries or regions. Daily data on mortality and air pollution were collected from 652 cities in 24 countries or regions. We used overdispersed generalized additive models with random-effects meta-analysis to investigate the associations. Two-pollutant models were fitted to test the robustness of the associations. Concentration-response curves from each city were pooled to allow global estimates to be derived. RESULTS: On average, an increase of 10 μg per cubic meter in the 2-day moving average of PM10 concentration, which represents the average over the current and previous day, was associated with increases of 0.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.50) in daily all-cause mortality, 0.36% (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.43) in daily cardiovascular mortality, and 0.47% (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.58) in daily respiratory mortality. The corresponding increases in daily mortality for the same change in PM2.5 concentration were 0.68% (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.77), 0.55% (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.66), and 0.74% (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.95). These associations remained significant after adjustment for gaseous pollutants. Associations were stronger in locations with lower annual mean PM concentrations and higher annual mean temperatures. The pooled concentration-response curves showed a consistent increase in daily mortality with increasing PM concentration, with steeper slopes at lower PM concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show independent associations between short-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 and daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in more than 600 cities across the globe. These data reinforce the evidence of a link between mortality and PM concentration established in regional and local studies. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others.)

The Use of Antihypertensive Medication and the Risk of Breast Cancer in a Case-Control Study in a Spanish Population: The MCC-Spain Study

The evidence on the relationship between breast cancer and different types of antihypertensive drugs taken for at least 5 years is limited and inconsistent. Furthermore, the debate has recently been fueled again with new data reporting an increased risk of breast cancer among women with a long history of use of antihypertensive drugs compared with nonusers

SuperCam Calibration Targets: Design and Development

SuperCam is a highly integrated remote-sensing instrumental suite for NASA’s Mars 2020 mission. It consists of a co-aligned combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy (VISIR), together with sound recording (MIC) and high-magnification imaging techniques (RMI). They provide information on the mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral context around the Perseverance Rover. The calibration of this complex suite is a major challenge. Not only does each technique require its own standards or references, their combination also introduces new requirements to obtain optimal scientific output. Elemental composition, molecular vibrational features, fluorescence, morphology and texture provide a full picture of the sample with spectral information that needs to be co-aligned, correlated, and individually calibrated. The resulting hardware includes different kinds of targets, each one covering different needs of the instrument. Standards for imaging calibration, geological samples for mineral identification and chemometric calculations or spectral references to calibrate and evaluate the health of the instrument, are all included in the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT). The system also includes a specifically designed assembly in which the samples are mounted. This hardware allows the targets to survive the harsh environmental conditions of the launch, cruise, landing and operation on Mars during the whole mission. Here we summarize the design, development, integration, verification and functional testing of the SCCT. This work includes some key results obtained to verify the scientific outcome of the SuperCam system

Mortality risk attributable to wildfire-related PM2·5 pollution : a global time series study in 749 locations

BACKGROUND : Many regions of the world are now facing more frequent and unprecedentedly large wildfires. However, the association between wildfire-related PM2·5 and mortality has not been well characterised. We aimed to comprehensively assess the association between short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2·5 and mortality across various regions of the world. METHODS : For this time series study, data on daily counts of deaths for all causes, cardiovascular causes, and respiratory causes were collected from 749 cities in 43 countries and regions during 2000–16. Daily concentrations of wildfire-related PM2·5 were estimated using the three-dimensional chemical transport model GEOS-Chem at a 0·25° × 0·25° resolution. The association between wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure and mortality was examined using a quasi-Poisson time series model in each city considering both the current-day and lag effects, and the effect estimates were then pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Based on these pooled effect estimates, the population attributable fraction and relative risk (RR) of annual mortality due to acute wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure was calculated. FINDINGS : 65·6 million all-cause deaths, 15·1 million cardiovascular deaths, and 6·8 million respiratory deaths were included in our analyses. The pooled RRs of mortality associated with each 10 μg/m³ increase in the 3-day moving average (lag 0–2 days) of wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure were 1·019 (95% CI 1·016–1·022) for all-cause mortality, 1·017 (1·012–1·021) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1·019 (1·013–1·025) for respiratory mortality. Overall, 0·62% (95% CI 0·48–0·75) of all-cause deaths, 0·55% (0·43–0·67) of cardiovascular deaths, and 0·64% (0·50–0·78) of respiratory deaths were annually attributable to the acute impacts of wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure during the study period. INTERPRETATION : Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2·5 was associated with increased risk of mortality. Urgent action is needed to reduce health risks from the increasing wildfires.The Australian Research Council, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, a Career Development Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, an Early Career Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Czech Science Foundation, the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, the National Key Research and Development Program of China, EU’s Horizon 2020 Project Exhaustion, the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, the Medical Research Council UK, the Natural Environment Research Council UK, a fellowship of the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-funded HERCULES Center.http://www.thelancet.com/planetary-healtham2022Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog