Exclusive Breastfeeding in Infants with Ankyloglossia: Does the Tongue–Tie Interfere with Growth Patterns?

The effect of ankyloglossia on breastfeeding remains unclear. Most studies focus on surgical procedures to correct aspects of breastfeeding, and few studies have focused on follow-up patients through. This chapter aims to analyze the influence of ankyloglossia on exclusive breastfeeding and the growth of infants up to the sixth month of life. A prospective cohort study was carried out with 225 mother–infant dyads who were followed up for the first six months of life. Full-term babies with and without ankyloglossia were followed up at a specialized breastfeeding center. Weight and length were measured and adjustments for age were calculated using the Body Mass Index and Z scores. Statistical analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics, and ANOVA for repeated measures. No significant differences were found in the growth measures of the following babies who remained exclusively breastfed (p > 0.05). Thus, compared with infants with the normal lingual frenulum, infants with ankyloglossia had no significant changes were observed in the growth measurements of babies with and without ankyloglossia. Infants should be followed and supported in initial difficulties to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures since the idea that tongue-tied babies could have a different milk flow rate is not supported

Is it Possible to Perform Tooth Whitening During Orthodontic Treatment? / É possível realizar o clareamento dental durante o tratamento ortodôntico?

Aims: Analyzed the use of H2O2 at 35% in teeth after orthodontic brackets placement in some respects: change the color, the bond resistance of the bracket to the enamel (BS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI).  Methods: Ninety bovine incisors with metal brackets were used, divided into 2 groups: (1) with whitening around orthodontic brackets and (2) without whitening. The color evaluation was performed with a portable spectrophotometer, in the incisal area and under the bracket, in two stages: before the placement of the brackets and after the adhesive strength test. During the experiment the samples were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 hours, 8 and 21 days for BS and ARI analysis. Results: No significant difference in color (under the brackets and incisal area) and in BS between areas and groups assessed. Regarding the ARI, the experimental group showed a significant difference in 24-hour period. Conclusion: there was uniform whitening throughout the enamel surface with orthodontics brackets bonded. The H2O2 at 35% did not show a negative effect on the BS and the ARI, however the 24 hours group showed a higher number of teeth without cement adhered to the surface of the enamel after whitening

Orthodontic Movement of Central Incisor with Previously-healed Root Fracture associated with Unerupted Canines

Teeth with root fracture may need orthodontic treatment. This case report presents the management of unerupted canines in a patient with previously-healed/untreated horizontal root fracture in the maxillary left central incisor. The malocclusion was treated maintaining pulp vitality considering the principles to improve the eruption path of maxillary canines and move short-rooted teeth. The root-fractured tooth remained symptomless after orthodontic treatment without significant adverse effects, and stayed stable following 2-year follow-up

Tomografia computadorizada Cone Beam em Ortodontia – evolução ou revolução? Visão geral, aplicações, vantagens/desvantagens e dose de radiação / Cone Beam computed tomography in orthodontia - evolution or revolution? Overview, applications, advantages/dis

Introdução: A requisição de imagens tridimensionais (3D) do complexo dentomaxilofacial tem aumentado. Com isso, novas possibilidades para avaliações, tratamento e acompanhamento pós-tratamento tem ganhando notoriedade com o emprego da tomografia computadoriza cone beam (TCCB). As imagens em duas dimensões (2D) apresentam problemas inerentes que podem ser resolvidos com avaliações tridimensionais (3D). Objetivos: Esclarecer as principais dúvidas acerca do mecanismo de funcionamento desse método de diagnóstico complementar, expor as vantagens/desvantagens, discutir sobre a dose de radiação efetiva e possibilidades de aplicação em Ortodontia. Conclusão: As informações geradas pelas imagens em 2D derivadas da TCCB não apresentam diferenças que possam comprometer o planejamento ortodôntico quando comparadas com as imagens das radiografias convencionais em 2D. A dose efetiva de radiação recebida pelo paciente não deve ser considerada como fator limitante da solicitação do exame tomográfico.Palavras-chave: Tomografia. Radiografia. Ortodontia. Radiação.AbstractIntroduction: The request of three-dimensional images (3D) of the dentomaxillofacial complex has increased. Hence, new possibilities for assessment, treatment as well as follow-up after treatment have increased their importance with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The images in two dimensions (2D) have inherent problems that can be solved with treedimensional images assessment. Objectives: To clarify the main doubts about the operational mechanism of complementary diagnostic method; to explain the advantages and disadvantages, to discuss the effective radiation dose and possible applications in orthodontia. Conclusion: The information generated by 2D images from the CBCT does not show differences that may endanger the orthodontic planning when compared with the images of 2D conventional radiographs. The effective radiation dose received by the patient should not be considered as a limiting factor of the tomography exam request.Keywords: Tomagraphy. Radiography. Orthodontia. Radiation

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia