Correlation and disorder-enhanced nematic spin response in superconductors with weakly broken rotational symmetry

Recent experimental and theoretical studies have highlighted the possible role of a electronic nematic liquid in underdoped cuprate superconductors. We calculate, within a model of d-wave superconductor with Hubbard correlations, the spin susceptibility in the case of a small explicitly broken rotational symmetry of the underlying lattice. We then exhibit how the induced spin response asymmetry is strongly enhanced by correlations as one approaches the instability to stripe order. In the disorder-induced stripe phase, impurities become spin nematogens with a C_2 symmetric impurity resonance state, and the disorder-averaged spin susceptibility remains only C_2 symmetric at low energies, similar to recent data from neutron scattering experiments on underdoped YBCO.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Cannabinoid modulation of object recognition and location memory : a preclinical assessment

This chapter will detail how endocannabinoid system manipulation affects recognition memory in rodents, using research published in the last 5 years. We will examine how cannabinoids impact object recognition both at baseline and in animal models of cognitive impairment (e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia). Some recent findings are that cannabinoids can have opposing effects on recognition memory based on the presence or absence of impairment and that cannabinoids can exert beneficial effects on learning and memory function when impairment is present but can have neutral or detrimental effects when impairment is absent. Beneficial effects of cannabinoids on recognition memory appear related to the reversal of synaptic plasticity impairment or inflammation and the normalization of forebrain receptor expression changes. In conclusion, modulation of the endocannabinoid system to target recognition memory depends greatly on the animal model and cannabinoid drug used. Targeting the endocannabinoid system to improve cognitive impairment (e.g., in AD) has great potential, and future research should focus on mechanisms underlying cannabinoid-induced memory improvement