Practice of Industrial Control Logic Programming using Library Components

This chapter discusses Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming practice, particularly the use of library components, in the automotive industry. A study of program structure and use of library components at two European car manufacturers is presented. The main purpose of the study is to provide understanding of current PLC programming in industry

Medios de Comunicación en Internet móvil: La televisión como modelo aún pendiente de éxito

La televisión en el móvil no ha acabado de arrancar comercialmente en la mayor parte de los países europeos. No existe una única razón que explique esta situación. Antes bien, cabe referirse a un conjunto de causas complejas (e interrelacionadas). En el lado de la oferta, deben analizarse aspectos técnicos (infraestructuras, estándares), económicos (modelos de negocio, disponibilidad de contenido) y normativos. En el lado de la demanda, es necesario investigar cuál es la utilidad que el servicio realmente (y no teóricamente) ofrece al consumidor y las circunstancias en que lo usaría. El estudio de todos estos factores es el objetivo de este artículo. Se concluye que la televisión móvil asentará su presencia en el mercado sólo si se sortean algunos de los obstáculos descritos, se pone el foco en el posible usuario (y no en el producto) y se cuenta con cierto apoyo institucional

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

How patients with mental illness experience encounters in primary care : A literature review

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa innebär ofta plågsamma symtom och en ökad samsjuklighet för individen. Samhället har stigmatiserat personer med psykisk ohälsa långt tillbaka i vår historia. Psykiatrin har genomgått stora förändringar under det senaste århundradet. Idag är var tredje besök i primärvården av en person som har någon form av psykisk ohälsa. Sjuksköterskor inom primärvården upplever sig inte vara tillräckligt förberedda i mötet med den psykiatriska patientgruppen. Hur bemötandet utformas är betydande för patientens välbefinnande, värdighet, delaktighet, jämlikhet och säkerhet. Bemötandet bör vara personcentrerat och utgå från patientens livsvärld. En god dialog, inkluderande god kommunikation och information, krävs för att ge ett gott bemötande. Syfte: ​Syftet var att beskriva hur patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplever bemötandet i primärvården.​ Metod: ​En litteraturöversikt av tio redan publicerade originalartiklar. Datainsamlingen av artiklar utfördes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Fribergs analysmetod. Resultat: ​I resultatet framkom tre teman; ”Att se hela människan och möta individuella behov”, ”en respektfull vårdrelation“ och ”en kamp för att få likvärdig och rättvis vård”.​ Sammanfattning: ​Ur resultatet framkom att patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplever bemötandet inom primärvården på olika sätt. Vid ett bra bemötande etablerades en god vårdrelation och patienterna upplevde sig delaktiga och bemötta med respekt och värdighet. Vissa patienter beskrev istället ett dåligt bemötande, med dålig kommunikation och en fragmenterad vård. Patienter upplevde sig även stigmatiserade av vårdpersonal.​Background: ​Mental illness often involves painful symtoms and an increased co-morbidity for the individual. Society has stigmatized people with mental illness far back in our history​. Psychiatry has undergone major changes over the past century. Today, every third visit to primary care is by a person who has some form of mental illness. Nurses in primary care do not fell sufficently prepared when meeting patients in the psychitric patient group. How the treatment is framed is important for the patients well-being, dignity, patient participation, equality and safety. Treatment should be person-centred and based on how the persons percive her world. A good dialogue, including good communication, is required to provide a good treatment. Aim: ​The aim was to describe how patients with mental illness experience encounters in primary care.​ Method: ​A literature review of ten original articles already published. The data collection of articles was carried out in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The articles were analyzed according to Friberg's analysis method.​ Results: ​​In the result, three themes emerged; "Seeing the whole person and meeting individual needs", "a respectful care relationship" and "a fight to get equal and fair care".​ Summary: ​The result showed that patients with mental illness experience the treatment in primary care in different ways. With good treatment, a good care relationship was established and the patients felt involved and treated with respect and dignity. Some patients instead described poor treatment, with poor communicationand fragmented care. Patients also felt stigmatized by healthcare staff

How patients with mental illness experience encounters in primary care : A literature review

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa innebär ofta plågsamma symtom och en ökad samsjuklighet för individen. Samhället har stigmatiserat personer med psykisk ohälsa långt tillbaka i vår historia. Psykiatrin har genomgått stora förändringar under det senaste århundradet. Idag är var tredje besök i primärvården av en person som har någon form av psykisk ohälsa. Sjuksköterskor inom primärvården upplever sig inte vara tillräckligt förberedda i mötet med den psykiatriska patientgruppen. Hur bemötandet utformas är betydande för patientens välbefinnande, värdighet, delaktighet, jämlikhet och säkerhet. Bemötandet bör vara personcentrerat och utgå från patientens livsvärld. En god dialog, inkluderande god kommunikation och information, krävs för att ge ett gott bemötande. Syfte: ​Syftet var att beskriva hur patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplever bemötandet i primärvården.​ Metod: ​En litteraturöversikt av tio redan publicerade originalartiklar. Datainsamlingen av artiklar utfördes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Fribergs analysmetod. Resultat: ​I resultatet framkom tre teman; ”Att se hela människan och möta individuella behov”, ”en respektfull vårdrelation“ och ”en kamp för att få likvärdig och rättvis vård”.​ Sammanfattning: ​Ur resultatet framkom att patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplever bemötandet inom primärvården på olika sätt. Vid ett bra bemötande etablerades en god vårdrelation och patienterna upplevde sig delaktiga och bemötta med respekt och värdighet. Vissa patienter beskrev istället ett dåligt bemötande, med dålig kommunikation och en fragmenterad vård. Patienter upplevde sig även stigmatiserade av vårdpersonal.​Background: ​Mental illness often involves painful symtoms and an increased co-morbidity for the individual. Society has stigmatized people with mental illness far back in our history​. Psychiatry has undergone major changes over the past century. Today, every third visit to primary care is by a person who has some form of mental illness. Nurses in primary care do not fell sufficently prepared when meeting patients in the psychitric patient group. How the treatment is framed is important for the patients well-being, dignity, patient participation, equality and safety. Treatment should be person-centred and based on how the persons percive her world. A good dialogue, including good communication, is required to provide a good treatment. Aim: ​The aim was to describe how patients with mental illness experience encounters in primary care.​ Method: ​A literature review of ten original articles already published. The data collection of articles was carried out in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The articles were analyzed according to Friberg's analysis method.​ Results: ​​In the result, three themes emerged; "Seeing the whole person and meeting individual needs", "a respectful care relationship" and "a fight to get equal and fair care".​ Summary: ​The result showed that patients with mental illness experience the treatment in primary care in different ways. With good treatment, a good care relationship was established and the patients felt involved and treated with respect and dignity. Some patients instead described poor treatment, with poor communicationand fragmented care. Patients also felt stigmatized by healthcare staff

A Study of Industrial Logic Control Programming Using Library Components

In this paper a study of logic control programming practices and use of library components at two European car manufacturers, is presented. The research provides results important to consider for researchers and PLC vendors when developing frameworks for control program generation, to cope with new requirements of flexible manufacturing systems. The main observations are: the programs, written mainly in Ladder Diagrams and Sequential Function Charts, frequently reuse pre-developed function blocks; it is important that the control programs can be understood and used for trouble-shooting by the operators; and finally, the code handles, besides automatic control, also safety and supervision, human machine interface, product data, communication etc., the code for automatic control is a minor part of the total code

A Framework for Component Based Distributed Control Software Development Using IEC 61499

A framework for component based distributed control software is proposed. The primary application for the framework is in distributed control systems. The framework proposes new software components, called automation components that can be hierarchically embedded to produce new components. Automation components are also combined to produce hierarchical component based applications. The framework is independent of the execution platform, however it is shown how an application that is developed using the framework can be executed using IEC 61499 platform. The validity of the framework is evaluated using an industrial example of a reconfigurable manufacturing cell