14,773 research outputs found
R&D Paths of Pixel Detectors for Vertex Tracking and Radiation Imaging
This report reviews current trends in the R&D of semiconductor pixellated
sensors for vertex tracking and radiation imaging. It identifies requirements
of future HEP experiments at colliders, needed technological breakthroughs and
highlights the relation to radiation detection and imaging applications in
other fields of science.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the European Strategy Preparatory
Grou
Trends in Pixel Detectors: Tracking and Imaging
For large scale applications, hybrid pixel detectors, in which sensor and
read-out IC are separate entities, constitute the state of the art in pixel
detector technology to date. They have been developed and start to be used as
tracking detectors and also imaging devices in radiography, autoradiography,
protein crystallography and in X-ray astronomy. A number of trends and
possibilities for future applications in these fields with improved
performance, less material, high read-out speed, large radiation tolerance, and
potential off-the-shelf availability have appeared and are momentarily matured.
Among them are monolithic or semi-monolithic approaches which do not require
complicated hybridization but come as single sensor/IC entities. Most of these
are presently still in the development phase waiting to be used as detectors in
experiments. The present state in pixel detector development including hybrid
and (semi-)monolithic pixel techniques and their suitability for particle
detection and for imaging, is reviewed.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Invited Review given at IEEE2003, Portland,
Oct, 200
Pixel Detectors for Tracking and their Spin-off in Imaging Applications
To detect tracks of charged particles close to the interaction point in high
energy physics experiments of the next generation colliders, hybrid pixel
detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute
the present state of the art in detector technology. Three of the LHC detectors
as well as the BTeV detector at the Tevatron will use vertex detectors based on
this technology. A development period of almost 10 years has resulted in pixel
detector modules which can stand the extreme rate and timing requirements as
well as the very harsh radiation environment at the LHC for its full life time
and without severe compromises in performance. From these developments a number
of different applications have spun off, most notably for biomedical imaging.
Beyond hybrid pixels, a number of trends and possibilities with yet improved
performance in some aspects have appeared and presently developed to greater
maturity. Among them are monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel detectors which do
not require complicated hybridization but come as single sensor/IC entities.
The present state in hybrid pixel detector development for the LHC experiments
as well as for some imaging applications is reviewed and new trends towards
monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel devices are summarized.Comment: 24 pages, 16 figure
A review of advances in pixel detectors for experiments with high rate and radiation
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments ATLAS and CMS have established
hybrid pixel detectors as the instrument of choice for particle tracking and
vertexing in high rate and radiation environments, as they operate close to the
LHC interaction points. With the High Luminosity-LHC upgrade now in sight, for
which the tracking detectors will be completely replaced, new generations of
pixel detectors are being devised. They have to address enormous challenges in
terms of data throughput and radiation levels, ionizing and non-ionizing, that
harm the sensing and readout parts of pixel detectors alike. Advances in
microelectronics and microprocessing technologies now enable large scale
detector designs with unprecedented performance in measurement precision (space
and time), radiation hard sensors and readout chips, hybridization techniques,
lightweight supports, and fully monolithic approaches to meet these challenges.
This paper reviews the world-wide effort on these developments.Comment: 84 pages with 46 figures. Review article.For submission to Rep. Prog.
Phy
2D Detectors for Particle Physics and for Imaging Applications
The demands on detectors for particle detection as well as for medical and
astronomical X-ray imaging are continuously pushing the development of novel
pixel detectors. The state of the art in pixel detector technology to date are
hybrid pixel detectors in which sensor and read-out integrated circuits are
processed on different substrates and connected via high density interconnect
structures. While these detectors are technologically mastered such that large
scale particle detectors can be and are being built, the demands for improved
performance for the next generation particle detectors ask for the development
of monolithic or semi-monolithic approaches. Given the fact that the demands
for medical imaging are different in some key aspects, developments for these
applications, which started as particle physics spin-off, are becomming rather
independent. New approaches are leading to novel signal processing concepts and
interconnect technologies to satisfy the need for very high dynamic range and
large area detectors. The present state in hybrid and (semi-)monolithic pixel
detector development and their different approaches for particle physics and
imaging application is reviewed
Pixel Detectors for Charged Particles
Pixel Detectors, as the current technology of choice for the innermost vertex
detection, have reached a stage at which large detectors have been built for
the LHC experiments and a new era of developments, both for hybrid and for
monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel detectors is in full swing. This is largely
driven by the requirements of the upgrade programme for the superLHC and by
other collider experiments which plan to use monolithic pixel detectors for the
first time. A review on current pixel detector developments for particle
tracking and vertexing is given, comprising hybrid pixel detectors for superLHC
with its own challenges in radiation and rate, as well as on monolithic,
so-called active pixel detectors, including MAPS and DEPFET pixels for RHIC and
superBelle.Comment: 19 pages, 23 drawings in 14 figure
The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector at the European XFEL
The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) is an x-ray imager,
custom designed for the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL). It is a
fast, low noise integrating detector, with an adaptive gain amplifier per
pixel. This has an equivalent noise of less than 1 keV when detecting single
photons and, when switched into another gain state, a dynamic range of more
than 10 photons of 12 keV. In burst mode the system is able to store 352
images while running at up to 6.5 MHz, which is compatible with the 4.5 MHz
frame rate at the European XFEL. The AGIPD system was installed and
commissioned in August 2017, and successfully used for the first experiments at
the Single Particles, Clusters and Biomolecules (SPB) experimental station at
the European XFEL since September 2017. This paper describes the principal
components and performance parameters of the system.Comment: revised version after peer revie
Research Proposal for an Experiment to Search for the Decay {\mu} -> eee
We propose an experiment (Mu3e) to search for the lepton flavour violating
decay mu+ -> e+e-e+. We aim for an ultimate sensitivity of one in 10^16
mu-decays, four orders of magnitude better than previous searches. This
sensitivity is made possible by exploiting modern silicon pixel detectors
providing high spatial resolution and hodoscopes using scintillating fibres and
tiles providing precise timing information at high particle rates.Comment: Research proposal submitted to the Paul Scherrer Institute Research
Committee for Particle Physics at the Ring Cyclotron, 104 page
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