211 research outputs found

    A Panorama on Multiscale Geometric Representations, Intertwining Spatial, Directional and Frequency Selectivity

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    The richness of natural images makes the quest for optimal representations in image processing and computer vision challenging. The latter observation has not prevented the design of image representations, which trade off between efficiency and complexity, while achieving accurate rendering of smooth regions as well as reproducing faithful contours and textures. The most recent ones, proposed in the past decade, share an hybrid heritage highlighting the multiscale and oriented nature of edges and patterns in images. This paper presents a panorama of the aforementioned literature on decompositions in multiscale, multi-orientation bases or dictionaries. They typically exhibit redundancy to improve sparsity in the transformed domain and sometimes its invariance with respect to simple geometric deformations (translation, rotation). Oriented multiscale dictionaries extend traditional wavelet processing and may offer rotation invariance. Highly redundant dictionaries require specific algorithms to simplify the search for an efficient (sparse) representation. We also discuss the extension of multiscale geometric decompositions to non-Euclidean domains such as the sphere or arbitrary meshed surfaces. The etymology of panorama suggests an overview, based on a choice of partially overlapping "pictures". We hope that this paper will contribute to the appreciation and apprehension of a stream of current research directions in image understanding.Comment: 65 pages, 33 figures, 303 reference

    NOVEL OFDM SYSTEM BASED ON DUAL-TREE COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM

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    The demand for higher and higher capacity in wireless networks, such as cellular, mobile and local area network etc, is driving the development of new signaling techniques with improved spectral and power efficiencies. At all stages of a transceiver, from the bandwidth efficiency of the modulation schemes through highly nonlinear power amplifier of the transmitters to the channel sharing between different users, the problems relating to power usage and spectrum are aplenty. In the coming future, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology promises to be a ready solution to achieving the high data capacity and better spectral efficiency in wireless communication systems by virtue of its well-known and desirable characteristics. Towards these ends, this dissertation investigates a novel OFDM system based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform (D

    Introduction to frames

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    This survey gives an introduction to redundant signal representations called frames. These representations have recently emerged as yet another powerful tool in the signal processing toolbox and have become popular through use in numerous applications. Our aim is to familiarize a general audience with the area, while at the same time giving a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art

    H^∞-Optimal Fractional Delay Filters

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    Fractional delay filters are digital filters to delay discrete-time signals by a fraction of the sampling period. Since the delay is fractional, the intersample behavior of the original analog signal becomes crucial. In contrast to the conventional designs based on the Shannon sampling theorem with the band-limiting hypothesis, the present paper proposes a new approach based on the modern sampled-data HinftyH^{infty} optimization that aims at restoring the intersample behavior beyond the Nyquist frequency. By using the lifting transform or continuous-time blocking the design problem is equivalently reduced to a discrete-time HinftyH^{infty} optimization, which can be effectively solved by numerical computation softwares. Moreover, a closed-form solution is obtained under an assumption on the original analog signals. Design examples are given to illustrate the advantage of the proposed method

    Wavelets and Subband Coding

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    First published in 1995, Wavelets and Subband Coding offered a unified view of the exciting field of wavelets and their discrete-time cousins, filter banks, or subband coding. The book developed the theory in both continuous and discrete time, and presented important applications. During the past decade, it filled a useful need in explaining a new view of signal processing based on flexible time-frequency analysis and its applications. Since 2007, the authors now retain the copyright and allow open access to the book

    Discrete Wavelet Transforms

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    The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithms have a firm position in processing of signals in several areas of research and industry. As DWT provides both octave-scale frequency and spatial timing of the analyzed signal, it is constantly used to solve and treat more and more advanced problems. The present book: Discrete Wavelet Transforms: Algorithms and Applications reviews the recent progress in discrete wavelet transform algorithms and applications. The book covers a wide range of methods (e.g. lifting, shift invariance, multi-scale analysis) for constructing DWTs. The book chapters are organized into four major parts. Part I describes the progress in hardware implementations of the DWT algorithms. Applications include multitone modulation for ADSL and equalization techniques, a scalable architecture for FPGA-implementation, lifting based algorithm for VLSI implementation, comparison between DWT and FFT based OFDM and modified SPIHT codec. Part II addresses image processing algorithms such as multiresolution approach for edge detection, low bit rate image compression, low complexity implementation of CQF wavelets and compression of multi-component images. Part III focuses watermaking DWT algorithms. Finally, Part IV describes shift invariant DWTs, DC lossless property, DWT based analysis and estimation of colored noise and an application of the wavelet Galerkin method. The chapters of the present book consist of both tutorial and highly advanced material. Therefore, the book is intended to be a reference text for graduate students and researchers to obtain state-of-the-art knowledge on specific applications

    Model-based Filtering of Interfering Signals in Ultrasonic Time Delay Estimations

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    This work presents model-based algorithmic approaches for interference-invariant time delay estimation, which are specifically suited for the estimation of small time delay differences with a necessary resolution well below the sampling time. Therefore, the methods can be applied particularly well for transit-time ultrasonic flow measurements, since the problem of interfering signals is especially prominent in this application

    Model-based Filtering of Interfering Signals in Ultrasonic Time Delay Estimations

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    In dieser Arbeit werden modellbasierte algorithmische AnsĂ€tze zur Interferenz-invarianten ZeitverschiebungsschĂ€tzung vorgestellt, die speziell fĂŒr die SchĂ€tzung kleiner Zeitverschiebungsdifferenzen mit einer notwendigen Auflösung, die deutlich unterhalb der Abtastzeit liegt, geeignet sind. Daher lassen sich die Verfahren besonders gut auf die Laufzeit-basierte Ultraschalldurchflussmessung anwenden, da hier das Problem der Interferenzsignale besonders ausgeprĂ€gt ist. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Frage, wie mehrere Messungen mit unterschiedlichen Zeitverschiebungen oder Prozessparametern zur UnterdrĂŒckung der Interferenzsignale in Ultraschalldurchflussmessungen verwendet werden können, wobei eine gute Robustheit gegenĂŒber additivem weißen Gauß\u27schen Rauschen und eine hohe Auflösung erhalten bleiben sollen. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Signalmodell angenommen, welches aus stationĂ€ren Interferenzsignalen, die nicht von wechselnden Zeitverschiebungen abhĂ€ngig sind, und aus Zielsignalen, die den Messeffekt enthalten, besteht. ZunĂ€chst wird das Signalmodell einer Ultraschalldurchflussmessung und sein dynamisches Verhalten bei Temperatur- oder Zeitverschiebungsschwankungen untersucht. Ziel ist es, valide SimulationsdatensĂ€tze zu erzeugen, mit denen die entwickelten Methoden sowohl unter der PrĂ€misse, dass die Daten perfekt zum Signalmodell passen, als auch unter der PrĂ€misse, dass Modellfehler vorliegen, getestet werden können. Dabei werden die Eigenschaften der Signalmodellkomponenten, wie Bandbreite, StationaritĂ€t und TemperaturabhĂ€ngigkeit, identifiziert. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine neue Methode zur Modellierung der TemperaturabhĂ€ngigkeit der Interferenzsignale vorgestellt. Nach der Charakterisierung des gesamten Messsystems wird das Signalmodell -- angepasst an die Ultraschalldurchflussmessung -- als Grundlage fĂŒr zwei neue Methoden verwendet, deren Ziel es ist, die Auswirkungen der Interferenzsignale zu reduzieren. Die erste vorgeschlagene Technik erweitert die auf der Signaldynamik basierenden AnsĂ€tze in der Literatur, indem sie die Voraussetzungen fĂŒr die erforderliche Varianz der Zeitverschiebungen abschwĂ€cht. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine neue Darstellung von mehreren Messsignalen als Punktwolken eingefĂŒhrt. Die Punktwolken werden dann mithilfe der Hauptkomponentenanalyse und B-Splines verarbeitet, was entweder zu Interferenz-invarianten ZeitverschiebungsschĂ€tzungen oder geschĂ€tzten Interferenzsignalen fĂŒhrt. In diesem Zusammenhang wird eine neuartige gemeinsame B-Spline- und RegistrierungsschĂ€tzung entwickelt, um die Robustheit zu erhöhen. Der zweite Ansatz besteht in einer regressionsbasierten SchĂ€tzung der Zeitverschiebungsdifferenzen durch das Erlernen angepasster SignalunterrĂ€ume. Diese UnterrĂ€ume werden effizient durch die Analytische Wavelet Packet Transformation berechnet, bevor die resultierenden Koeffizienten in Merkmale transformiert werden, die gut mit den Zeitverschiebungssdifferenzen korrelieren. DarĂŒber hinaus wird ein neuartiger, unbeaufsichtigter Unterraum-Trainingsansatz vorgeschlagen und mit den konventionellen Filter- und Wrapper-basierten Merkmalsauswahlmethoden verglichen. Schließlich werden beide Methoden in einem experimentellen Ultraschalldurchflussmesssystem mit einem hohen Maß an vorhandenen Interferenzsignalen getestet, wobei sich zeigt, dass sie in den meisten FĂ€llen den Methoden aus der Literatur ĂŒberlegen sind. Die QualitĂ€t der Methoden wird anhand der Genauigkeit der ZeitverschiebungsschĂ€tzung bewertet, da die Grundwahrheit fĂŒr die Interferenzsignale nicht zuverlĂ€ssig bestimmt werden kann. Anhand verschiedener DatensĂ€tze werden die AbhĂ€ngigkeiten von den Hyperparametern, den Prozessbedingungen und, im Falle der regressionsbasierten Methode, dem Trainingsdatensatz analysiert

    Multiresolution models in image restoration and reconstruction with medical and other applications

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