16,906 research outputs found
Who Replaces Whom? Local versus Non-local Replacement in Social and Evolutionary Dynamics
In this paper, we inspect well-known population genetics and social dynamics
models. In these models, interacting individuals, while participating in a
self-organizing process, give rise to the emergence of complex behaviors and
patterns. While one main focus in population genetics is on the adaptive
behavior of a population, social dynamics is more often concerned with the
splitting of a connected array of individuals into a state of global
polarization, that is, the emergence of speciation. Applying computational and
mathematical tools we show that the way the mechanisms of selection,
interaction and replacement are constrained and combined in the modeling have
an important bearing on both adaptation and the emergence of speciation.
Differently (un)constraining the mechanism of individual replacement provides
the conditions required for either speciation or adaptation, since these
features appear as two opposing phenomena, not achieved by one and the same
model. Even though natural selection, operating as an external, environmental
mechanism, is neither necessary nor sufficient for the creation of speciation,
our modeling exercises highlight the important role played by natural selection
in the interplay of the evolutionary and the self-organization modeling
methodologies.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
Evolutionary games on graphs
Game theory is one of the key paradigms behind many scientific disciplines
from biology to behavioral sciences to economics. In its evolutionary form and
especially when the interacting agents are linked in a specific social network
the underlying solution concepts and methods are very similar to those applied
in non-equilibrium statistical physics. This review gives a tutorial-type
overview of the field for physicists. The first three sections introduce the
necessary background in classical and evolutionary game theory from the basic
definitions to the most important results. The fourth section surveys the
topological complications implied by non-mean-field-type social network
structures in general. The last three sections discuss in detail the dynamic
behavior of three prominent classes of models: the Prisoner's Dilemma, the
Rock-Scissors-Paper game, and Competing Associations. The major theme of the
review is in what sense and how the graph structure of interactions can modify
and enrich the picture of long term behavioral patterns emerging in
evolutionary games.Comment: Review, final version, 133 pages, 65 figure
Evolutionary modeling in economics : recent history and immediate prospects
Abstract not availablemathematical economics and econometrics ;
Prisoner's Dilemma cellular automata revisited: evolution of cooperation under environmental pressure
We propose an extension of the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma cellular
automata, introduced by Nowak and May \cite{nm92}, in which the pressure of the
environment is taken into account. This is implemented by requiring that
individuals need to collect a minimum score , representing
indispensable resources (nutrients, energy, money, etc.) to prosper in this
environment. So the agents, instead of evolving just by adopting the behaviour
of the most successful neighbour (who got ), also take into account if
is above or below the threshold . If an
individual has a probability of adopting the opposite behaviour from the one
used by its most successful neighbour. This modification allows the evolution
of cooperation for payoffs for which defection was the rule (as it happens, for
example, when the sucker's payoff is much worse than the punishment for mutual
defection). We also analyse a more sophisticated version of this model in which
the selective rule is supplemented with a "win-stay, lose-shift" criterion. The
cluster structure is analyzed and, for this more complex version we found
power-law scaling for a restricted region in the parameter space.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures; added figures and revised tex
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