259 research outputs found
Biology helps you to win a game
We present a game of interacting agents which mimics the complex dynamics
found in many natural and social systems. These agents modify their strategies
periodically, depending on their performances using genetic crossover
mechanisms, inspired by biology. We study the performances of the agents under
different conditions, and how they adapt themselves. In addition the dynamics
of the game is investigated.Comment: 4 pages including 6 figures. Uses REVTeX4. Submitted for Conference
Proceedings of the "Unconventional Applications of Statistical Physics",
Kolkat
A Game perspective to complex adaptive systems
Understanding the behaviour of a system through the properties of the elements of the system is a central problem in several fields of contemporary research. Appealing approaches for gaining such understanding have been proposed in complex systems studies. One particular approach is based on the scheme of agent-based modelling, in which the elements of the system are described by a set of precise rules which are implemented by computer programs. This dissertation is focused on topics related to two types of agent-based models: minority games and spatial two player games.
The first part of the thesis deals with minority games that have been extensively studied in the physics literature during the past eight years. A minority game describes a society of adaptive individuals with bounded rationality competing for scarce resources. Questions arising from such a model are associated with the efficiency of the system and the success of its individuals in utilizing the scarce resources. Previous studies have indicated that in case the individuals are allowed to evolve, they tend to evolve such that the efficiency of the system improves. However, the actual level of efficiency substantially depends on the type of evolution present in the system. We have applied genetic algorithms to make the system evolving. Our results indicate that natural selection and genetic algorithms can lead the system perform optimally and increase the success of individuals remarkably.
The second part of the thesis describes aspects of games that model strategic interaction situations between individuals. Especially, the focus of this part of the thesis is on models that aim at explaining the emergence and persistence of cooperative behaviour in an animal or human society. Previous studies have indicated that spatial structure of the society largely contributes to the maintenance of cooperation in these models. However, much of the research has been carried out by relying on evolutionary dynamics of the society associated with changes occurring in long times. We have explored a spatial game by allowing the individuals in the system be adaptive and act on short times, and our results show that the characteristic behaviour of the system is different from that observed in studies using evolutionary dynamics.reviewe
Intelligent Minority Game with genetic-crossover strategies
We develop a game theoretical model of heterogeneous interacting agents
called the intelligent minority game. The ``intelligent'' agents play the basic
minority game and depending on their performances, generate new strategies
using the one-point genetic crossover mechanism. The performances change
dramatically and the game moves rapidly to an efficient state (fluctuations in
the number of agents performing a particular action, characterized by
, reaches a low value). There is no ``phase transition'' when we vary
with , where is the ``memory''of an agent.Comment: 4 pages, 5 encapsulated postscript figures. Uses RevTex
Searching good strategies in adaptive minority games
In this paper we introduce adaptation mechanism based on genetic algorithms
in minority games. If agents find their performances too low, they modify their
strategies in hope to improve their performances and become more successful.
One aim of this study is to find out what happens at the system as well as at
the individual agent level. We observe that adaptation remarkably tightens the
competition among the agents, and tries to pull the collective system into a
state where the aggregate utility is the largest. We first make a brief
comparative study of the different adaptation mechanisms and then present in
more detail parametric studies. These different adaptation mechanisms broaden
the scope of the applications of minority games to the study of complex
systems.Comment: 8 pages including 9 figures. Uses REVTeX
"Illusion of control" in Minority and Parrondo Games
Human beings like to believe they are in control of their destiny. This
ubiquitous trait seems to increase motivation and persistence, and is probably
evolutionarily adaptive. But how good really is our ability to control? How
successful is our track record in these areas? There is little understanding of
when and under what circumstances we may over-estimate or even lose our ability
to control and optimize outcomes, especially when they are the result of
aggregations of individual optimization processes. Here, we demonstrate
analytically using the theory of Markov Chains and by numerical simulations in
two classes of games, the Minority game and the Parrondo Games, that agents who
optimize their strategy based on past information actually perform worse than
non-optimizing agents. In other words, low-entropy (more informative)
strategies under-perform high-entropy (or random) strategies. This provides a
precise definition of the "illusion of control" in set-ups a priori defined to
emphasize the importance of optimization.Comment: 17 pages, four figures, 1 tabl
Spatial snowdrift game with myopic agents
We have studied a spatially extended snowdrift game, in which the players are
located on the sites of two-dimensional square lattices and repeatedly have to
choose one of the two strategies, either cooperation (C) or defection (D). A
player interacts with its nearest neighbors only, and aims at playing a
strategy which maximizes its instant pay-off, assuming that the neighboring
agents retain their strategies. If a player is not content with its current
strategy, it will change it to the opposite one with probability next
round. Here we show through simulations and analytical approach that these
rules result in cooperation levels, which differ to large extent from those
obtained using the replicator dynamics.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Searching for good strategies in adaptive minority games
In this paper we introduce and study various adaptive minority game models in which agents try to improve their performances by modifying their strategies through genetic algorithm based crossover mechanism. One aim of this study is to find out what happens at the system as well as at the individual agent level. Adaptation is found to improve the performance of individual agents quite remarkably, to tighten the competition among the agents, and to drive the whole system towards maximum efficiency. Results from four adaptative minority games and the basic minority game are compared, and the parameter dependencies of the best performing game are discussed
Gender-dependent progression of systemic metabolic states in early childhood
Little is known about the human intra-individual metabolic profile changes over an extended period of time. Here, we introduce a novel concept suggesting that children even at a very young age can be categorized in terms of metabolic state as they advance in development. The hidden Markov models were used as a method for discovering the underlying progression in the metabolic state. We applied the methodology to study metabolic trajectories in children between birth and 4 years of age, based on a series of samples selected from a large birth cohort study. We found multiple previously unknown age- and gender-related metabolome changes of potential medical significance. Specifically, we found that the major developmental state differences between girls and boys are attributed to sphingolipids. In addition, we demonstrated the feasibility of state-based alignment of personal metabolic trajectories. We show that children have different development rates at the level of metabolome and thus the state-based approach may be advantageous when applying metabolome profiling in search of markers for subtle (patho)physiological changes
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