Mathematical Justification Studies in Mathematics Education: An Evaluation of Studies between 2007 and 2016

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the mathematical justification studies in mathematics education between 2007 and 2016. In the study, 31 theses and articles about mathematical justification in mathematics education were analyzed by means of determined databases. In the literature review, the studies were classified according to the method, the study group, the mathematics subject, and the time frame of ten years. As a result of study, mathematical justification studies in mathematics education were carried out mostly in 2009, 2010 and 2016. As a study group, examined studies are composed mostly of students. As a method, qualitative method was used mostly. The tasks related to justification at three different levels of education were included. According to primary, middle and high school levels, the most common areas of learning for which mathematical justification tasks take place are numbers and operations, algebra and numbers and algebra, respectively

Dimethyl [hydr­oxy(2-nitro­phen­yl)meth­yl]phospho­nate

In the title compound, C9H12NO6P, intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form five- and six-membered rings. In the crystal, inversion dimers lined by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur with ring motifs R 2 2(10). The O atom of the hydr­oxy group behaves as an accepter and the benzene ring as donor. Adjacent dimers are connected through O—H⋯O links

First-line ovulation induction for polycystic ovary syndrome : an individual participant data meta-analysis

Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mr M. Draper from Barr Smith Library, University of Adelaide, for his assistance in developing the search strategies and Dr M. H. Zafarmand from University of Amsterdam for assisting with the translation. We would like to acknowledge all the investigators and participants of the primary trials. The investigators of individual trials are listed in Supplementary Table SIV. We would like to acknowledge the assistance of NICHD, the Reproductive Medicine Network (RMN) and the Protocol Subcommittee, in making the database for PPCOS I and II available. +The authors of the Reproductive Medicine Network are R.S.L., R.G. Brzyski, M.P. Diamond, C. Coutifaris, W.D. Schlaff, P. Casson, G.M. Christman, H. Huang, Q. Yan, R. Alvero, D.J. Haisenleder, K.T. Barnhart, G.W. Bates, R. Usadi, S. Lucidi, V. Baker, J.C. Trussell, S.A. Krawetz, P. Snyder, D. Ohl, N. Santoro, H.X. Barnhart, B.R. Carr, S.A. Carson, M.P. Steinkampf, P.G. McGovern, N.A. Cataldo, G.G. Gosman, J.E. Nestler, L.C. Giudice, P.C. Leppert, E.R. Myers, E. Eisenberg and H. Zhang. The details of their affiliations and NIH Grants are listed in Supplementary Table SV. Funding An Australian government research training programme scholarship (to R.W.); Australian National Health and Medical Research Council-funded Centre for Research Excellence in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (APP1078444). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Relative Deprivation and Resilience in Supply Networks

Dealers may experience and perceive varying levels of beneficiary exchange relations in a manufacturer's network. Low-benefit perceiving dealers may experience relative deprivation as compared to their significant others such as better-off dealers of that manufacturer, better-off dealers of a competitor or better-off itself in previous periods, and demonstrate positive or negative reactions to that deprivation. Although manufacturer-dealer exchange (MDX) relations have been studied previously, research on relative deprivation in those relations is nonexistent. Thus, to fill this gap, this study analyzes dealers' relative deprivation in MDX relations with perceived benefits as antecedents and reactions to deprivation as consequences. A multiple-design case approach has been conducted on two manufacturers and their dealers from the Turkish drapery industry. By analyzing dealers in MDX relations from the automotive industry, validation analyzes have been performed. This study has highlighted the importance of dealers' relative deprivation as an issue to be handled in MDX relations. In addition, resilience of dealers appears to be an essential attribute leading to positive reactions to deprivation

Current practices in hazardous waste management in Turkey

As a consequence of restrictive national and international regulations; in recent years, efforts for a better management of hazardous wastes in Turkey have increased considerably. In this article, an overview of the current hazardous waste management practices in Turkey is provided. Initial efforts that have started with ratification of Basel Convention in 1994 are followed by substantial progress owing to alignment with the European Union's waste management acquis in early 2000's. Overview of the legislative framework indicates that currently, the rules laid down in legal documents are sufficient to establish an effective hazardous waste management system. However, the implementation and enforcement of the legislation is not complete yet as the implementation requires the considerable improvement of the current infrastructure. The quality of hazardous waste generation data, which is essential for proper design of hazardous waste management system, in Turkey is still of concern therefore, needs further attention. In terms of operational aspects, there are 138 recovery facilities licensed for hazardous waste, four licensed hazardous waste incineration and three licensed hazardous waste disposal facilities throughout Turkey. Due to the fact that established capacities of these facilities are below total hazardous waste generation amounts, new facilities are being planned to be built