Promoting Learner Autonomy Through Cooperative Learning Techniques in the L2 Classroom

El Aprendizaje Cooperativo, enfoque de trabajo en grupos estructurados utilizado en todos los niveles educativos, concibe el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje como un fenómeno eminentemente social. La autonomía, por otro lado, es la capacidad de controlar el propio aprendizaje y, por lo tanto, un proceso individual. Este artículo persigue reforzar los vínculos que unen las técnicas de Aprendizaje Cooperativo y la autonomía, alegando que aquellas pueden llegar a desarrollar esta última gracias a los siguientes factores presentes en su puesta en marcha: la reducción de la ansiedad, el aumento de la motivación y la atención a los estilos de aprendizaje.Cooperative Learning, the pedagogic use of structured group work in educational settings (from kindergarten to university) highlights the learning/teaching process as a social endeavour. Autonomy, on the other hand, is the ability to control one’s own learning and is perceived, therefore, as an individual process. This article aims at corroborating the links between Cooperative Learning techniques and autonomy, since the former can help develop the latter thanks to the conditions included in its implementation and analysed throughout the article: anxiety reduction, increase of motivation and the explicit attention to learning styles

El papel de la Universidad en la investigación social: análisis institucional

Los cambios acaecidos en la última década en nuestro país, nos obligan a la realización de trabajos de reflexión dónde poder unir en un mismo discurso, los valores, necesidades, principios e intereses de la acción formativa en la Universidad. Es entonces, cuando deben surgir las nuevas realidades sociales a las que la Institución universitaria debe hacer frente, atendiendo a un principio de servicio a la sociedad. Pero ¿realmente está respondiendo a ello? ¿Es la universidad de hoy una fuente de conocimiento e investigación social? En el trabajo que se presenta, partimos de una conceptualización de la universidad como agente social, con el objetivo de poder analizar los aspectos más influyentes en su funcionamiento y proyección, tanto de los estudiantes como los docentes. Se hace necesario abordar al menos tres cuestiones que deben ir al mismo ritmo: realidad social, formación académica e investigación para la mejora y el desarrollo. Partimos del análisis de nuestra práctica docente, desde la reflexión sobre la acción, entendiendo, que nos debe llevar a la obtención de unos resultados que exceden de lo académico, o donde lo académico incluye el desarrollo personal y profesional, teniendo en cuenta los intereses de nuestros alumnos y nunca perdiendo la idea de la educación como construcción del sujeto. Por otra parte, entendemos que la formación del profesorado universitario corresponde a un modelo docente deseado por la propia institución donde el principal elemento que determina la calidad de la Universidad es la formación y entrega de su profesorado. De esta forma, se estudia la idea de distintos autores, con la que coincidimos, de que los docentes tienen una triple misión educadora, docente e investigadora. A nivel de investigación en la universidad, mayoritariamente se fomentan las investigaciones cuantitativas, con interpretación de datos numéricos pero con poca o ninguna interpretación cualitativa de los resultados obtenidos. Se detecta una necesidad de reflexión, el fomento de la investigación-acción en el campo de la investigación en educación y un mayor reconocimiento de este tipo de investigaciones a nivel de Agencias de Calidad. Por ello, se propone que la institución universitaria promueva las investigaciones e iniciativas de los docentes en relación a la investigación en el aula. Se trata, por tanto, de un estudio de análisis institucional con triangulación de información para llegar a unas conclusiones que se resumen en las siguientes líneas: La docencia basada en la investigación- acción. La investigación como reflexión y motor de cambio. La responsabilidad social de la Universidad en el campo de la investigación social

The pyramidal tutorial as a learning strategy for the design and development of the final project of the degrees in Education

La Declaración de Bolonia (1999) y la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (2010) en el marco de la universidad española han supuesto una serie de cambios significativos que, quienes nos dedicamos a la Educación Superior, hemos analizar y valorar con el objetivo de comprometernos a mejorar. En este contexto, la inserción de los Trabajos Fin de Grado en el sistema universitario español ha sido una de las novedades más sobresalientes en este nuevo marco educativo. Así, la mayoría de los centros de Educación Superior tuvieron que hacer un esfuerzo ingente por diseñar, adecuar y darle sentido a una asignatura completamente nueva y que irrumpía con fuerza en el panorama universitario. El Trabajo Fin de Grado se constituye como un espacio y un tiempo propicio para que el alumnado, al final de su proceso de formación, vuelque y demuestre su capacitación como profesional. Tras las experiencias previas desarrolladas, el diseño y desarrollo del Trabajo Fin de Grado esta siendo una tarea que demanda una gran coordinación por parte de los equipos docentes. Por ello, hemos querido hacer nuestra esta preocupación, poniendo en marcha una actividad de innovación docente encaminada a que el alumnado trabaje en grupo para perfeccionar el diseño de sus trabajos finales en las diferentes titulaciones que se imparten en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba, incorporando la tutoría piramidal en el proceso de seguimiento del proyecto. Esta innovadora propuesta de trabajo colaborativo ha supuesto la planificación, diseño y corrección de más de 30 Trabajos Fin de Grado que, en su fase final de evaluación, han obtenido unos resultados excelentes en el conjunto de las defensas llevadas a cabo en las convocatorias de julio y septiembre de dicha Facultad.The Bologna Declaration (1999) and the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (2010) in the Spanish University system have entailed a series of significant changes that those devoted to Higher Education need to analyse and assess to commit to improving. In this context, the introduction of the Final Projects in all the degrees of the Spanish University system has been one of the most remarkable novelties in this new educational framework. Most Spanish Higher Education centres had to make a major effort to design, adapt and give meaning to this new subject, unavoidable in the university landscape. The Final Project arises in an ideal space and time so that students, at the end of their academic process, are able to demonstrate their skills as professionals. Based on previous experiences, the design and development of the Final Project is a task that requires strong coordination among the teaching teams. In this light, we have decided to face this issue by developing a teaching innovation activity in the Faculty of Education Sciences at the University of Córdoba. This innovation activity is focused on the fact that students work in group to improve the design of their Final Projects, including the pyramid tutorial in the monitoring process. This innovation proposal, based on collaborative work, has entailed the planning, design and revision of over 30 Final Projects that in their final stage of assessment have obtained excellent results in the calls of July and September of the aforementioned Faculty

TDP-43-M323K causes abnormal brain development and progressive cognitive and motor deficits associated with mislocalised and increased levels of TDP-43

TDP-43 pathology is found in several neurodegenerative disorders, collectively referred to as "TDP-43 proteinopathies". Aggregates of TDP-43 are present in the brains and spinal cords of >97% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in brains of ~50% of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients. While mutations in the TDP-43 gene (TARDBP) are usually associated with ALS, many clinical reports have linked these mutations to cognitive impairments and/or FTD, but also to other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinsonism (PD) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). TDP-43 is a ubiquitously expressed, highly conserved RNA-binding protein that is involved in many cellular processes, mainly RNA metabolism. To investigate systemic pathological mechanisms in TDP-43 proteinopathies, aiming to capture the pleiotropic effects of TDP-43 mutations, we have further characterised a mouse model carrying a point mutation (M323K) within the endogenous Tardbp gene. Homozygous mutant mice developed cognitive and behavioural deficits as early as 3 months of age. This was coupled with significant brain structural abnormalities, mainly in the cortex, hippocampus, and white matter fibres, together with progressive cortical interneuron degeneration and neuroinflammation. At the motor level, progressive phenotypes appeared around 6 months of age. Thus, cognitive phenotypes appeared to be of a developmental origin with a mild associated progressive neurodegeneration, while the motor and neuromuscular phenotypes seemed neurodegenerative, underlined by a progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons as well as distal denervation. This is accompanied by progressive elevated TDP-43 protein and mRNA levels in cortex and spinal cord of homozygous mutant mice from 3 months of age, together with increased cytoplasmic TDP-43 mislocalisation in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord at 12 months of age. In conclusion, we find that Tardbp M323K homozygous mutant mice model many aspects of human TDP-43 proteinopathies, evidencing a dual role for TDP-43 in brain morphogenesis as well as in the maintenance of the motor system, making them an ideal in vivo model system to study the complex biology of TDP-43

Machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) approach to predict early progression to first-line treatment in real-world hormone receptor-positive (HRþ)/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients.

Este artículo ha sido publicado en la revista European Journal of Cancer. Esta versión tiene Licencia Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-NDBackground: CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapies are the current standard of care in the first-line treatment of HRþ/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, but there are no well-established clinical or molecular predictive factors for patient response. In the era of personalised oncology, new approaches for developing predictive models of response are needed. Materials and methods: Data derived from the electronic health records (EHRs) of real-world patients with HRþ/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer were used to develop predictive models for early and late progression to first-line treatment. Two machine learning approaches were used: a classic approach using a data set of manually extracted features from reviewed (EHR) patients, and a second approach using natural language processing (NLP) of freetext clinical notes recorded during medical visits. Results: Of the 610 patients included, there were 473 (77.5%) progressions to first-line treatment, of which 126 (20.6%) occurred within the first 6 months. There were 152 patients (24.9%) who showed no disease progression before 28 months from the onset of first-line treatment. The best predictive model for early progression using the manually extracted dataset achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.734 (95% CI 0.687e0.782). Using the NLP free-text processing approach, the best model obtained an AUC of 0.758 (95% CI 0.714 e0.800). The best model to predict long responders using manually extracted data obtained an AUC of 0.669 (95% CI 0.608e0.730). With NLP free-text processing, the best model attained an AUC of 0.752 (95% CI 0.705e0.799). Conclusions: Using machine learning methods, we developed predictive models for early and late progression to first-line treatment of HRþ/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, also finding that NLP-based machine learning models are slightly better than predictive models based on manually obtained data

Anti-Spike antibodies 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine booster dose in patients on hemodialysis: the prospective SENCOVAC study

Background: Patients on hemodialysis are at high-risk for complications derived from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present analysis evaluated the impact of a booster vaccine dose and breakthrough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on humoral immunity 3 months after the booster dose. Methods: This is a multicentric and prospective study assessing immunoglobulin G anti-Spike antibodies 6 and 9 months after initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients on hemodialysis that had also received a booster dose before the 6-month assessment (early booster) or between the 6- and 9-month assessments (late booster). The impact of breakthrough infections, type of vaccine, time from the booster and clinical variables were assessed. Results: A total of 711 patients [67% male, median age (range) 67 (20-89) years] were included. Of these, 545 (77%) received an early booster and the rest a late booster. At 6 months, 64 (9%) patients had negative anti-Spike antibody titers (3% of early booster and 29% of late booster patients, P =. 001). At 9 months, 91% of patients with 6-month negative response had seroconverted and there were no differences in residual prevalence of negative humoral response between early and late booster patients (0.9% vs 0.6%, P =. 693). During follow-up, 35 patients (5%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody titers at 9 months were independently associated with mRNA-1273 booster (P =. 001), lower time from booster (P =. 043) and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection (P <. 001). Conclusions: In hemodialysis patients, higher titers of anti-Spike antibodies at 9 months were associated with mRNA-1273 booster, lower time from booster and past breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infectionThe present project has been supported by Fresenius Medical Care, Diaverum, Vifor Pharma, Vircell, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo and ISCIII FEDER funds RICORS2040 (RD21/0005

Salud de los trabajadores

Actividad f&iacute;sica y su relaci&oacute;n con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de carteros chilenosAn&aacute;lisis de resultados: riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo Suceso-Istas 21 en Cesfam Quell&oacute;nAusentismo laboral por enfermedades oftalmol&oacute;gicas, Chile 2009Brote de diarreas por norovirus, posterremoto-tsunami, Constituci&oacute;n, Regi&oacute;n del MauleCalidad de vida en profesionales de la salud p&uacute;blica chilenaCaracterizaci&oacute;n del reposo laboral en personal del SSMN durante el primer semestre de 2010Concentraci&oacute;n de nicotina en pelo en trabajadores no fumadores expuestos a humo de tabaco ambientalCondiciones de trabajo y bienestar/malestar docente en profesores de ense&ntilde;anza media de SantiagoDisfunci&oacute;n auditiva inducida por exposici&oacute;n a xilenoErgonom&iacute;a aplicada al estudio del s&iacute;ndrome de dolor lumbar en el trabajoEstimaci&oacute;n de la frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de una empresa mineraExposici&oacute;n a plaguicidas inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa en Colombia, 2006-2009Factores de riesgo y da&ntilde;os de salud en conductores de una empresa peruana de transporte terrestre, 2009Las consecuencias de la cultura en salud y seguridad ocupacional en una empresa mineraPercepci&oacute;n de cambios en la pr&aacute;ctica m&eacute;dica y estrategias de afrontamientoPercepci&oacute;n de la calidad de vida en la Universidad del Biob&iacute;oPesos m&aacute;ximos aceptables para tareas de levantamiento manual de carga en poblaci&oacute;n laboral femeninaRiesgo coronario en trabajadores mineros seg&uacute;n la funci&oacute;n de Framingham adaptada para la poblaci&oacute;n chilenaTrastornos emocionales y riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de la salu

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys