Objective morality as principle of the Constitutional State in Colombia

La búsqueda de los derechos fundamentales en el ser humano ha sido una lucha incansable en la que los diferentes Estados asumen, a veces, posiciones nugatorias, excluyentes y avasallantes. En países de tradición formalista como el colombiano esta importante misión fue asumida por los órganos legislativos y ejecutivos, tradicionalmente dominantes de la política y el derecho; sin embargo tras la ascensión de la Constitución política de 1991 hubo una refundación en el sistema, a partir de allí el máximo tribunal constitucional se arroga una función creadora, fundando sus decisiones en principios morales encontrados en la Constitución lo que hace factible no solo un nuevo derecho sino una garantía para sectores antes excluidos.The pursuing of fundamental rights in the human being, has been a relentless fight in which different kinds of states assume, sometimes, nugatory, exclusive and overwhelming positions. In countries like Colombia, with a formalist position, this important role was assumed by the traditionally dominant organs in politics and law, such as the legislative and executive; however, after the ascension of the Constitution of 1991, the system was refounded. From there, the constitutional court boasts a creative function, founding its decisions in the moral principles found within the Constitution making possible not only a new form of Law, but a warranty for previously excluded social sectors.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Objective morality as principle of the Constitutional State in Colombia

La búsqueda de los derechos fundamentales en el ser humano ha sido una lucha incansable en la que los diferentes Estados asumen, a veces, posiciones nugatorias, excluyentes y avasallantes. En países de tradición formalista como el colombiano esta importante misión fue asumida por los órganos legislativos y ejecutivos, tradicionalmente dominantes de la política y el derecho; sin embargo tras la ascensión de la Constitución política de 1991 hubo una refundación en el sistema, a partir de allí el máximo tribunal constitucional se arroga una función creadora, fundando sus decisiones en principios morales encontrados en la Constitución lo que hace factible no solo un nuevo derecho sino una garantía para sectores antes excluidos.The pursuing of fundamental rights in the human being, has been a relentless fight in which different kinds of states assume, sometimes, nugatory, exclusive and overwhelming positions. In countries like Colombia, with a formalist position, this important role was assumed by the traditionally dominant organs in politics and law, such as the legislative and executive; however, after the ascension of the Constitution of 1991, the system was refounded. From there, the constitutional court boasts a creative function, founding its decisions in the moral principles found within the Constitution making possible not only a new form of Law, but a warranty for previously excluded social sectors.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Objective morality as principle of the Constitutional State in Colombia

La búsqueda de los derechos fundamentales en el ser humano ha sido una lucha incansable en la que los diferentes Estados asumen, en veces, posiciones nugatorias, excluyentes y avasallantes. En países de tradición formalista como el colombiano esta importante misión fue asumida por los órganos legislativos y ejecutivos, tradicionalmente dominantes de la política y el derecho; sin embargo tras la ascensión de la Constitución política de 1991 hubo una refundación en el sistema, a partir de allí el máximo tribunal constitucional se arroga una función creadora, fundando sus decisiones en principios morales encontrados en la constitución lo que hace factible no solo un nuevo derecho sino una garantía para sectores antes excluidos.The pursuing of fundamental rights in the human being, has been arelentless fight in which different kinds of states assume, sometimes, nugatory, exclusiveand overwhelming positions. In countries like Colombia, with a formalistposition, this important role was assumed by the traditionally dominant organs inpolitics and law, such as the legislative and executive; however, after the ascensionof the Constitution of 1991, the system was refounded. From there, the constitutionalcourt boasts a creative function, founding its decisions in the moral principles found within the Constitution making possible not only a new form of Law, but a warrantyfor previously excluded social sectors

La coalición de los partidos políticos en colombia como elemento estratégico para mantener su legitimación

La crisis de legitimidad de los partidos políticos ha sido uno de los temas más estudiados e investigados en el ámbito de la ciencia política y jurídica. A lo largo de la historia, politólogos y analistas de distintas latitudes han realizado sus disquisiciones en torno a este fenómeno, guiados principalmente por la situación de debilitamiento que en algunos países enfrentan los sistemas democráticos; dichos análisis surgen siempre en momentos en los que el descreimiento popular y la poca aceptación a sus propuestas se hacen cada vez más evidentes. La actuación histórica de los partidos políticos en Colombia no está lejos de esa realidad, que hace de las colectividades órganos cada vez más distanciados del apoyo popular; por ende, el presente artículo pretende demostrar cómo se ha utilizado, endémicamente, la estrategia coalicionaria para solventar problemas surgidos de las propias entrañas partidistas.Legitimacy crisis of political parties has been one of the most studied and researched topics in Political and Legal Sciences. Throughout history, political scientists and analysts of different latitudes have expounded disquisitions concerning this phenomenon, mainly guided by the weakening situation democratic systems face in some countries. They always arise in moments in which popular skepticism and little acceptance towards political proposals become more evident. Historical behavior of political parties in Colombia is not far from this, thus, making political groups even more estranged from people’s support. This paper illustrates the way in which coalition strategies have been used to solve inner party problems

Del formalismo retributivo a la nueva concepción de justicia restaurativa en Colombia a partir de la constitución de 1991

In this article we try to show that the idea of a retributive justice in Colombia, as the only way to achieve the solution of conflicts, obeys cultural patterns originating from legal and academic spheres. Therefore, a reflection is made on the insertion of the formalist model and its impact on the formation of lawyers and society. The theories proposed from the academy are the result of the legalistic (Roman-Germanic) tradition that the Colombian nation gathers since its genesis as an independent legal order. Taking into account the above, it is established that the application of penalties has not generated social peace and, in addition, the Colombian State has not sought a form of peace other than the abandonment of arms. After the Constitution of 1991, the current concepts in the Colombian legal system were changed. This change of conception influenced the idea of justice that seeks the restoration of the victim and not the nature of the crime or its high level of punishability. The Constitution bases this change on its principles, values and goals, specifically on human dignity and peaceful coexistence. In this way, the issue of restorative justice is addressed as a fundamental element for the resolution of conflicts in Colombia. Restorative justice allows for stable peace and guarantees social reconciliation.En el presente artículo se pretende demostrar que la idea de una justicia retributiva en Colombia, como única forma de lograr la solución de conflictos, obedece a patrones culturales, originados, entre otros, desde ámbitos jurídicos – académicos. En tal sentido se hace una reflexión de la inserción del modelo formalista, y su incidencia en  la formación de abogados, y en general de la sociedad. Las teorías propuestas desde la universidad son fruto de una tradición legalista, romano- germánica, que recoge la nación colombiana desde su génesis como ordenamiento normativo independiente. Habida cuenta de esto se establece que la aplicación de penas no ha generado la paz social, y que a su vez el estado colombiano durante diversas etapas no transcendió en favor de una paz diferente a la dejación de armas. No obstante tras el advenimiento de la constitución política de 1991 se modifican los conceptos imperantes en el sistema jurídico colombiano, así mismo influye en la idea de justicia que propende por la restauración de la víctima y no tanto en la naturaleza del delito o en la alta punibilidad. La misma carta magna fundamenta este cambio en los principios, valores y fines consagrados, específicamente en la dignidad humana y en la convivencia pacífica. En tal circunstancia se aborda el tema de la justicia restaurativa como elemento determínate para la resolución de conflictos en Colombia.  Y se considera que la implementación de esta conlleva a una paz estable y garantice el reconcilio social

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia