PARTICIPAÇÃO DE MULHERES NO CUIDADO A SAÚDE: um estudo a partir dos Conselhos e Conferências de Saúde em Aracajú/SE

This paper aims to discuss women, participation and development in the practices of health care. We analyze women and the participation process into health, especially in the Health Councils and Conferences. The methodological approach is inspired in the ethnography, which involves fieldwork, writing and data analysis that consider the time spent in the research, the involvement of the researcher during the whole process, and the moments of thoughts about the implications, we have had with the experience. The main idea of this work is to study the fieldwork on participation process in the health care system. We attended the meetings of some local health councils, conducted some interviews and attended the Health Conferences in Sergipe. This work has been developed in a problematic context in which health care has suffering budget cuts, reflected in the everyday practices of people who needs the Unified Health System. The focus of this work relays on the discussion of the important role women must play to search for better health care conditions, not only in their families, but also in their neighborhood and other health care dimensions. The research has shown that women have an interesting political commitment that we seek to analyze and connect to the everyday practices of health. Despite women are minority in parties and elections, they are the majority in the participation process on health care and the quality of life in the environment.O trabalho busca relacionar mulheres, participação e desenvolvimento como uma tríade importante na prática do cuidado à saúde. Analisamos a participação das mulheres em relação à saúde, especialmente nos Conselhos e Conferências. A pesquisa tem inspirações metodológicas na etnografia e apresenta algumas reflexões provenientes do trabalho de campo sobre a participação na saúde no Estado de Sergipe. Isso, por meio de estudo etnográfico das reuniões de alguns conselhos locais e Conferências de Saúde no Estado e através da realização de entrevistas com participantes desses eventos. O recorte deste trabalho está na discussão do protagonismo das mulheres na busca por melhores condições de cuidado, não somente em suas famílias, mas também no bairro e em outras dimensões que englobam o atendimento à saúde pública. A pesquisa apontou que as mulheres têm um engajamento político que nos interessa analisar e relacionar com as práticas cotidianas de cuidado à saúde, pois embora sejam minoria em partidos e eleições, elas são a maioria no que tange à participação por questões referentes ao cuidado e à qualidade de vida em seu entorno

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

Sem informação113478788

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Las acciones afirmativas en las universidades públicas y el reconocimiento social: el lado oculto de las evaluaciones

Neste texto, argumentamos que as avaliações das cotas universitárias precisam incorporar o conceito de reconhecimento social. Se as ações afirmativas que beneficiam alunos de escolas públicas e não brancos nas universidades públicas se tornaram um fenômeno de grande visibilidade, ainda há muito o que se avançar na interpretação dos seus reais efeitos. Desse modo, propomos discutir as mudanças introduzidas por essas políticas no quotidiano da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, dando prioridade à autopercepção dos alunos cotistas e às interações por eles estabelecidas com outros alunos e com os professores. Para isso, utilizou-se uma metodologia que alia métodos qualitativos (grupos focais) com métodos quantitativos (survey). Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontam para o aumento da autoestima dos cotistas e, ao mesmo tempo, para a existência, por razões econômicas e de classe, de tensões entre eles e os alunos não cotistas e, principalmente, entre os professores dos cursos mais prestigiosos._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: In this paper, we argue that evaluations of university quotas must incorporate the concept of social recognition. Indeed, even if affirmative action in public universities for students from public schools and non-whites has become a phenomenon of great visibility, we still have much to advance in the interpretation of its actual effects. Thus, we propose to discuss the changes introduced by these policies into everyday life in the Federal University of Sergipe, giving priority to self-perception of quota students and to the interactions established by them with other students and with teachers. For this purpose, we used a methodology that combines qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey) methods. The main research results point out increased self-esteem of these students and, at the same time, the existence, for economic and class reasons, of tensions between them and the non-quota students, and especially between them and teachers of the most prestigious courses._________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN: En este artículo se argumenta que las evaluaciones de las cuotas universitarias deben incorporar el concepto de reconocimiento social. En efecto, si la acción afirmativa en las universidades públicas a favor de los estudiantes de las escuelas públicas y los no blancos se han convertido en un fenómeno de gran visibilidad, todavía tenemos mucho que avanzar en la interpretación de sus efectos reales. Por lo tanto, proponemos discutir los cambios introducidos por estas políticas en el cotidiano de la Universidad Federal de Sergipe, dando prioridad a la auto-percepción de los cuotistas y las interacciones establecidas por ellos con otros estudiantes y con los profesores. Para esto, se utilizó una metodología que combina métodos cualitativos (grupos focales) y cuantitativos (encuesta). Los principales resultados de la investigación apuntan a un aumento de la autoestima de ellos y, al mismo tiempo, la existencia, por razones económicas y de clase, a las tensiones entre ellos y los estudiantes non cuotistas y especialmente los profesores de los cursos más prestigiosos

When memory is the apple of discord: May 13, 2020, and the Palmares Foundation

This paper reflects on the political disputes around the memory of slavery and its abolition in Brazil, analyzing the publications made on the website and the official social media of the Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP) in May 2020. In these texts, the FCP, led by Sérgio Camargo, seeks to reiterate the legacy of Princess Isabel as the author of abolition and denounce the mythological character of Zumbi dos Palmares. The consolidation of “places of memory” (NORA, 1993) is neither a natural nor an inexorable consequence of historical processes, but the result of social and symbolic conflicts and disputes (LE GOFF, 1990). In this regard, this article investigates the symbolic and historical elements mobilized by the current FCP management to disqualify and dismantle the recent racial equality policies based on the reconstruction of symbols, heroes, and ephemeris of Blackness which emerged following redemocratization in the 1980s.Neste artigo, refletimos sobre as disputas políticas pela memória da escravidão e a abolição desta no Brasil por meio da análise de publicações realizadas no site e nas redes sociais oficiais da Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP) em maio de 2020. Nesses textos, a FCP, sob a presidência de Sérgio Camargo, busca valorizar o legado da Princesa Isabel como artífice da abolição e denunciar o caráter mitológico de Zumbi dos Palmares. A consolidação dos “lugares de memória” (NORA, 1993) não é consequência natural ou inexorável dos processos históricos, mas sim o resultado de embates e disputas sociais e simbólicas (LE GOFF, 1990). Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo investigar os elementos simbólicos e históricos mobilizados pela atual gestão da Fundação Cultural Palmares, no sentido de desqualificar e desmontar as políticas públicas de igualdade racial calcadas na reconstrução de símbolos, heróis e efemérides da negritude que surgiram a partir da redemocratização do país na década de 1980

OLHARES SOBRE IDENTIDADE E FESTAS EM SERGIPE

As identidades são construídas no interior das diferenças, decorrentes de múltiplos movimentos em práticas, ritos, expressões. Dentre as materializações das identidades focamos as festas como manifestações que rompem com o cotidiano simbolizando-o afetivamente, como referência identitária de indivíduos e comunidades. As festas em Sergipe são expressivamente numerosas. Menor estado do Brasil, com apenas 75 municípios, levantou-se, numa rápida estimativa, mais de 3300 festas sendo aproximadamente, 300 de massa e o restante tradicional, principalmente de padroeiros, do ciclo junino e natalino. Com tamanha diferença indagamos sobre a valorização das festas pelas políticas públicas, entendidas como externalidades que podem ser indutoras/reforçadoras de identidades. Foi observado que as manifestações tradicionais enraizadas, embora mais numerosas e irradiadoras de ressignificações recebem poucos incentivos e apoios e, consequentemente, são menos valorizadas e pouco visíveis. As festas de massa, ao contrário, são realizadas com amplo arranjo socioeconômico e apoios de governos, esgarçando, muitas das vezes, as representações de origem. É a dinâmica plural da cultura em permanente diálogo com as externalidades, nem sempre consensual entre as teias de poder que consolidam as identidades dos grupos promotores. Nesse movimento pulsa a identidade sergipana, a sergipanidad