La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Valle y el Cauca.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Valle y el Cauca.Como parte del desarrollo de la fase 4 del Diplomado de Profundización de Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia como opción de grado del programa de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD, se presenta la evidencia del desarrollo sistemático del proceso reflexivo y analítico de la problemática de desplazamiento forzoso o violencia, afrontado por diferentes familias mediante relatos verídicos en diferentes territorios en donde se puede observar la forma en que han sido vulnerados sus derechos y los efectos de los mismos en su vida. Como proceso educativo, se proponen a continuación estrategias de apoyo desde la formación profesional como Psicólogos, con el fin de suavizar esta problemática identificando también como parte de este proceso, el apoyo psicosocial que el profesional debe asumir con acciones de tipo individual o grupal para mitigar la crisis dada, sea ésta causada por dolor, torturas, perdidas etc. Se evidencian las destrezas adquiridas en el desarrollo de la entrevista, mediante el dominio de preguntas circulares, estratégicas y reflexivas. Finalizando este proceso, el uso de la herramienta narrativa “foto voz” hace presencia dentro del proceso educativo como una herramienta de investigación-acción participativa mediante la cual, podemos ayudar a la víctima a expresar lo que no puede por sí mismo.Accompaniment in Scenarios of Violence as an option for the degree in Psychology at the National Open and Distance University, there is evidence of the systematic development of the reflexive and analytical process of the problem of forced displacement or violence, faced by different families through true stories in different territories where you can observe the way in which their rights have been violated and their effects on their lives. As an educational process, the following strategies are proposed to support professional training as psychologists, in order to mitigate this problem by identifying as part of this process, the psychosocial support that the professional must assume with individual or group actions to mitigate the crisis given, whether caused by pain, torture, loss, etc... The skills acquired in the development of the interview are evidenced through the mastery of circular, strategic and reflexive questions. At the end of this process, the use of the narrative tool "photo voice" is present within the educational process as a participatory action-research tool through which we can help the victim to express what he or she cannot by himself or herself

Osteocytes Serve as a Reservoir for Intracellular Persisting Staphylococcus aureus Due to the Lack of Defense Mechanisms

Chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis can persist for long time periods causing bone destruction. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to develop chronic infections is linked to its capacity to invade and replicate within osteoblasts and osteocytes and to switch to a dormant phenotype called small colony variants. Recently, osteocytes were described as a main reservoir for this pathogen in bone tissue. However, the mechanisms involved in the persistence of S. aureus within these cells are still unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction between S. aureus and osteoblasts or osteocytes during infection. While osteoblasts are able to induce a strong antimicrobial response and eliminate intracellular S. aureus , osteocytes trigger signals to recruit immune cells and enhance inflammation but fail an efficient antimicrobial activity to clear the bacterial infection. Moreover, we found that extracellular signals from osteocytes enhance intracellular bacterial clearance by osteoblasts. Even though both cell types express Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, the main TLR responsible for S. aureus detection, only osteoblasts were able to increase TLR2 expression after infection. Additionally, proteomic analysis indicates that reduced intracellular bacterial killing activity in osteocytes is related to low antimicrobial peptide expression. Nevertheless, high levels of lipid mediators and cytokines were secreted by osteocytes, suggesting that they can contribute to inflammation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that osteocytes contribute to severe inflammation observed in osteomyelitis and represent the main niche for S. aureus persistence due to their poor capacity for intracellular antimicrobial response

¿Existieron vicios del razonamiento práctico en cuanto a la precipitación e inconsideración en el caso de la sentencia 01294 de 2018 del Consejo de Estado, analizado desde la prudencia política y jurídica?

13 p.A continuación, se planteará el caso de la ex representante a la cámara y senadora electa por el partido conservador colombiano Aida Merlano Rebolledo, quien perdió la investidura de su cargo en el año 2018 como consecuencia de la violación de los topes máximos de financiación de su campaña electoral, y se realizará un análisis detallado de los vicios del razonamiento prudencial de precipitación e inconsideración que se manifestaron tanto en su actuar como en el procedimiento judicial que se le realizó respectivamente. De esta manera, (y con los conceptos de los vicios del razonamiento ya entendidos) se aplicará lo establecido por prudencia jurídica y política en el caso en concreto para poder plantear una conclusión interpretativa objetiva sobre el actuar ético- moral de dicha mujer, y el por qué se expone que no fue el correcto, lo cual se espera de un jurista en el cual, los ciudadanos depositan su confianza para la buena administración de su país.Introducción Prudencia jurídica Prudencia política Resumen sentencia Vicios del razonamiento Conclusión Referencia

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

¡Atención Poli, con la vista en el riesgo! cuentos para seguritos

El contar historias o el storytelling, aparece como una herramienta para autores que no solo buscan el conectar de forma más auténtica con sus lectores; sino que buscan ir más allá al comprender cómo el cerebro procesa esta poderosa forma de comunicación. (Suzuki, W., Feliú-Mójer, M., Hasson, U., Yehuda, R., & Zarate, J. 2018). Esta nueva forma de contar algo, es presentada aquí, en la primera compilación de cuentos como resultado de trabajos de módulos que tratan sobre el cuerpo humano, donde el estudio y la comprensión de la forma cómo funciona nuestro organismo, es uno de los principales objetivos. Además, surge como estrategia pedagógica, que precisamente busca incentivar el desarrollo de la creatividad de los estudiantes dentro de módulos que contienen un importante abordaje de temas y conceptos como base para su desarrollo, módulos que, al incluir un alto contenido teórico, se presentan como retos para que sus temas sean interiorizados por los estudiantes. De este modo, cuando se acude a el uso de la creatividad a través del storytelling, donde se expresan ideas relacionadas con el cuerpo humano, los cuentos realizados por estudiantes aquí presentes logran mostrar cómo emplean dichos conocimientos adquiridos, organizan ideas y crean cuentos que permiten al lector recrease, conociendo diferentes aspectos sobre nuestro cuerpo y a su vez dejándose llevar por la imaginación de los autores

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

"Las rutinas de pensamiento como herramienta pedagógica para desarrollar la lectura comprensiva"

"La presente investigación se enfoca en las rutinas de pensamiento como recurso pedagógico para la enseñanza de la comprensión lectora en una escuela con modalidad multigrado. Partimos de reconocer la importancia de la lectura en el proceso diario de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el aula y con ello la comprensión. La implementación de la rutina de pensamiento Color, Símbolo, Imagen -CSI aporta significativamente a esta investigación, al hacer visible el pensamiento de los estudiantes y transformar la práctica pedagógica, a la vez que relaciona los niveles de comprensión lectora, los procesos de pensamiento y la interacción estudiante- docente en la sede Escuela Rural El Palmar perteneciente a la IEDR Limoncitos del municipio de Pacho Cundinamarca. Este estudio investigativo es abordado desde la investigación cualitativa con un diseño metodológico de investigación acción." -- Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado."This research is focus on the thinking routines as pedagogical resource for reading comprehension teaching in a multigrade modality school. It starts recognizing the importance of reading in the daily process of teaching and learning in the classroom and its understanding. The implementation of the routine of thought CSI (color, symbol, image) which contributes meaningfully to this research, showing the students thinking and transforming the pedagogical practice, the through reading comprehension levels, the processes of thought and the interaction student-teacher in the Escuela Rural el Palmar from the IEDR Limoncitos in Pacho Cundinamarca municipality. This study research is approached from the qualitative view with a methodological design of action research." -- Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado.Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí

Environmental management plan for the parochial cemetery of Anolaima Cundinamarca

El plan de manejo ambiental para el cementerio parroquial de Anolaima Cundinamarca se realizó con el fin de identificar y minimizar los impactos ambientales los cuales son efecto de las actividades que presta el cementerio de manera incorrecta como (Inhumaciónes, exhumaciónes , construcciones, remodelaciones, grabado de lapidas, limpieza etc…) a partir de varios recorridos realizados en el ‘’Cementerio parroquial de Anolaima’’ se logro recopilar información y documentación necesaria como: datos administrativos, encuestas, entrevistas; se indagó la información brindada por personal de la alcaldía además se averiguó sobre la historia del cementerio y los antecedentes de su funcionamiento que facilitó el conocimiento previo de las problemáticas presentadas dentro del cementerio; teniendo en cuenta dicha información se elaboró una serie de diagnósticos, técnicos, operativos, administrativos y ambientales con los cuales se realizaron varios análisis pertinentes del estado actual del mismo, todo se baso según el régimen de la normativa (5194 del 2010 – Res 1447 del 2009) que aplica para la prestación de los servicios prestados en el cementerio. A partir de la elaboración de una matriz de impactos ambientales, se identificaron y valoraron los aspectos ambientales producidos por las actividades realizadas en el cementerio se efectuó la formulación de una serie de estrategias ambientales en las cuales se detallan las problemáticas y se plantean métodos de mitigación, preservación, conservación y compensación de los impactos negativos allí generados revisando la normatividad vigente con respeto a los cementerios y al manejo adecuado de residuos peligrosos.The environmental management plan for the parish cemetery of Anolaima Cundinamarca was made with the purpose of proposing an environmental control to the daily use of the cemetery, which generates negative environmental and social impacts affecting the Anolaimuna community due to its malfunction; As a first step, the necessary documentation was gathered that facilitated the prior knowledge of the cemetery's environment such as: administrative data, surveys, interviews; The information provided by the staff of the mayor's office was also inquired about the history of the cemetery and the background of its operation. The formulation of a series of procedures was carried out in which the problems are detailed and methods of mitigation, preservation, conservation and compensation of the negative impacts generated there are reviewed, reviewing the current regulations regarding cemeteries and the proper handling of hazardous waste. Results were obtained from the elaboration of field reports, matrices of environmental impacts in which it was possible to identify the main problems of this cemetery which lie in the burial, exhumation, religious cults that are performed in a hidden manner which are incidents and should be included in the general mitigation plan; this must be followed up by an adequate and effective control, on the other hand a variety of compensation and environmental management plans were formulated, with a biannual control facilitating the evaluation of the obtained results

Analysis of the procedural and wastewater treatment at a beverage bottling industry in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil | Análise do tratamento processual e de águas residuais em uma indústria de engarrafamento de bebidas no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Currently, the issue of the conscious use of water is highlighted in worldwide discussion. This natural resource is consumed inappropriately generating waste and, in most cases, to discharge to the environment outside the minimum standards of acceptance. Great part of the industries need treated water as a resource to be incorporated in their processes, generating waste that should not be left as environmental liabilities, identifying legal action to act and reduce environmental impacts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment of wastewater in a beverage industry in the bottling process in the countryside of Pernambuco. a case study was performed through technical visit, the beverage bottling industry, as well as an exploratory research for collection of secondary data. The technical visit consisted of observe the water treatment steps, as well as prevailing environment laws. Analysis of the results, the industry performs preliminary treatment, primary and secondary, common process and sufficient for this type of effluent. Furthermore, there is the process of treating the effluent from the bottle washing process for use in beverage Industry "A" meets the recommendations of studied authors. In turn, the data of the test results have not been studied in this way, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the efficiency of the treatment process. Adding to this the need for further research for analysis of pollutants and hence the creation of effective methods to mitigate impacts from these industries