Measurement tools to assess education and psychosocial support of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review

Introduction and objectives: Education and psychosocial support is a core component of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Nevertheless, measurement tools used to assess the effects of this component of PR have been scarcely investigated. Thus, this systematic literature review aimed to identify which measurement tools have been used to assess education and psychosocial support of PR in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD.) Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science in February 2021. Articles were screened and inclusion decided by two independent researchers. Randomised control studies, quasi-experimental and pre-post studies, which included people with COPD enrolled in a PR programme, with exercise and education and psychosocial support, were included. The same two independent researchers extracted the data to a standardised table. Results: A total of 7112 studies were screened and 9 studies were included. 1121 people with COPD (68.69 ± 8.98 years old, 30.78% female, FEV1pp 53.25 ± 19.04%) were enrolled in the included studies. A total of 9 measurement tools were identified and the most reported was the Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire (BCKQ) (n = 3, 33.3%). Other measurement tools were found, such as the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) (n = 1, 11.1%), the Education Specific Questionnaire (ESQ) (n = 1, 11.1%), the Lung Information Needs Questionnaire (LINQ) (n = 1, 11.1%), the COPD Knowledge Test (n = 1, 11.1%), the Pulmonary Disease Knowledge Test (PDKT) (n = 1, 11.1%), the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ) (n = 1, 11.1%), the Understanding COPD Questionnaire (UCOPD) (n = 1, 11.1%) and the Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire (n = 1, 11.1%). Conclusions: This review has shown that there are nine measurement tools available to assess the effects of education and psychosocial support of PR in people with COPD. The most reported has been the BCKQ however, few studies assessing this component in PR programmes have been conducted. Given the importance of education and psychosocial support of PR for people with COPD, future research is urgently needed to provide recommendations on the most suitable measurement tools and promote its routine assessment.publishe

Anxiety and depression symptoms after pulmonary rehabilitation in people with interstitial lung disease: responders and non-responders

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective intervention for people with interstitial lung disease (ILD), as it improvesexercise capacity, quality of life and dyspnoea. Less is, however, known about other important and frequentsymptoms, such as anxiety and depression. This study explored the response of anxiety and depression symptomsto PR in people with ILD. Participants undertook a 12-week community-based PR programme. Anxiety and depression symptoms wereevaluated before and after PR with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The sample was stratified into2 groups according to the HADS score: ≥8 probable anxiety (PA) or depression (PD) and score <8 normal symptoms(NS). Responders were classified using the HADS minimal clinical important difference (≥1.5 points). 46 people with ILD (62±13 years; 63%♀; 75±20 FVC%; 56±18 DLCO%) participated. Number of responders inanxiety symptoms (73% PA; HADS-A pre: 12±3; mean change: 4±2; p<0.001 vs 25% NS; HADS-A pre: 6±2; meanchange: 2±0; p<0.001) was much higher than in depression symptoms (27% PD; HADS-D pre: 11±3; mean change:3±1; p=0.014 vs 13% NS; HADS-D pre: 5±2; mean change: 2±1; p=0.003). PR seems to improve anxiety symptoms, but it might not be as effective for depression symptoms in people with ILD.Future studies are needed to investigate the role of PR in the psychological health of people with ILD.publishe

Chiral Symmetry Breaking with Scalar Confinement

Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is accepted to occur in low energy hadronic physics, resulting in the several successful theorems of PCAC. On the other hand scalar confinement is suggested both by the spectroscopy of hadrons and by the string picture of confinement. However these two evidences are apparently conflicting, because chiral symmetry breaking requires a chiral invariant coupling to the quarks, say a vector coupling like in QCD. Here we reformulate the coupling of the quarks to the string, and we are able to comply with chiral symmetry breaking, using scalar confinement. The results are quite encouraging.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the XXXVIIIth Rencontres de Moriond QCD and High Energy Hadronic Interaction

Efeito do genótipo na transpiração de amendoim em resposta ao estresse hidrico.

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Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured