Choix de carrière de jeunes primo-arrivants dans le canton de Vaud

La prise en charge des requérants d’asile pose notamment la question d’une intégration socioprofessionnelle respectueuse de leurs projets professionnels. Une enquête sur les choix de carrière de jeunes primo-arrivants dans le canton de Vaud a pu dégager trois profils distincts, avec à la clé des implications pratiques pour leur orientation

Anatomically constrained CT image translation for heterogeneous blood vessel segmentation

Anatomical structures such as blood vessels in contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) images can be challenging to segment due to the variability in contrast medium diffusion. The combined use of ceCT and contrast-free (CT) CT images can improve the segmentation performances, but at the cost of a double radiation exposure. To limit the radiation dose, generative models could be used to synthesize one modality, instead of acquiring it. The CycleGAN approach has recently attracted particular attention because it alleviates the need for paired data that are difficult to obtain. Despite the great performances demonstrated in the literature, limitations still remain when dealing with 3D volumes generated slice by slice from unpaired datasets with different fields of view. We present an extension of CycleGAN to generate high fidelity images, with good structural consistency, in this context. We leverage anatomical constraints and automatic region of interest selection by adapting the Self-Supervised Body Regressor. These constraints enforce anatomical consistency and allow feeding anatomically-paired input images to the algorithm. Results show qualitative and quantitative improvements, compared to stateof-the-art methods, on the translation task between ceCT and CT images (and vice versa).Comment: Accepted at BMVC 202

IgG4-Related Disease Is Not Associated with Antibody to the Phospholipase A2 Receptor

Patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) share histopathological characteristics that are similar across affected organs. The finding of infiltration with IgG4+ plasma cells in the proper clinical and histopathological contexts connects a large number of clinical entities that were viewed previously as separate conditions. The renal involvement in IgG4-RD is usually characterized by tubulointerstitial nephritis, but membranous nephropathy has also been reported to be one of the renal complications of IgG4-RD. The recent discovery that a high proportion of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) have IgG4 autoantibodies to the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in the circulation and glomerular immune deposits, together with the profound IgG4 hypergammaglobulinemia and occasional reports of membranous nephropathy in IgG4-RD, raised the question of a common antigen. To assess the presence of anti-PLA2R antibody in patients with IgG4-RD, we screened sera from 28 IgG4-RD patients by immunoblot. None of the patients in this cohort had detectable circulating anti-PLA2R antibodies. This study suggests that despite some clinical and serological overlaps between IgG4-RD and IMN,anti-PLA2R antibodies do not play a role in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Additional studies of IgG4-RD with evidence of membranous nephropathy are important to exclude any definite relationship

A missed orthopaedic injury following a seizure: a case report

Numerous orthopaedic injuries can follow a seizure and are often diagnosed late. This is the first documented case of a missed bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation following a seizure. The possible reasons for the greater incidence of posterior dislocations are examined and why bilateral anterior dislocations following a seizure are so rare. The article discusses the reasons for the delay and highlights potential pitfalls and learning points for junior emergency department doctors

Pacifism in Fin-de-Siècle Austria: The Politics and Limits of Peace Activism

The late Habsburg Monarchy produced two of the most renowned peace activists of their day: Bertha von Suttner and Alfred Fried. In comparison to these two Nobel Peace laureates, the main association of Austro-pacifism – the Österreichische Friedensgesellschaft (ÖFG) – is less well known. The article concentrates on this organization, which had been founded in 1891, and it draws attention to the political and intellectual environment in which it operated. The ÖFG originated in the milieu of Austro-German liberalism, but had an ambivalent rapport with liberal politics. The Austro-pacifists' focus on supranational principles and dynastic loyalty sat uneasily with the national dimensions of Cisleithanian politics. The obstacles encountered by the ÖFG illustrate wider aspects of the political culture of fin-de-siècle Austria, ranging from the question of militarism in Austrian society to the challenges created by socialist and nationalist movements. As a whole, the article highlights the inherent limitations of Austro-pacifism, as reflected in its quest for respectability and its acceptance of the social and political order

Une cachette d’objets de valeur des années 60 apr. J.-C. dans une <i>villa</i> de la cité des Nerviens (Merbes-le-Château, Belgique)

International audienceDie gallo-römische villa von Champ de Saint-Éloi in Merbes-le-Château (Belgien) ist an der Sambre im äußersten Osten der civitas der Nervier gelegen. Im 2. und 3. Jh. unserer Zeit besaß sie einen imposanten Wohnbereich und mehrere Gebäude mit zugleich wirtschaftlicher und dekorativer Funktion. Im Hauptgebäude wurde in einem kleinen eingetieften Raum ein Depot mit Wertsachen entdeckt. Neben zwei Kesseln aus Kupferlegierung enthielt das Depot ein Kästchen, in dem sich zwei Silberlöffel, eine Börse mit 122 Antoninianen, ein Glasfläschchen und vier abgenutzte auf eine den Danubischen Reitern gewidmete Votivplatte gelegte Sesterzen befanden. Die Platte aus verzinnter Kupferlegierung ist in zweifacher Hinsicht außergewöhnlich, erstens weil diese Platten in den westlichen Provinzen sehr selten sind und zweitens aufgrund der hohen Qualität ihrer Ausführung und ihres Dekors. Die Originalität des Depots, das in den Jahren um 260 unserer Zeit vergraben wurde, beruht auf der Vielfältigkeit seiner Zusammensetzung aus Alltagsgegenständen, Wertobjekten und einem religiösen Gegenstand.The Gallo-Roman villa at Champ de Saint-Éloi in Merbes-le-Château (Belgium) lies by the river Sambre, at the eastern limit of the civitas Nerviorum. During the 2nd and 3rd centuries it was constituted of an imposing dwelling with adjacent buildings for economic functions and ornamental structures. A hoard of precious items was recovered inside the main building, in a small semi-buried room. It consists of two copper-allied caldrons and of a small casket containing two silver spoons, a purse with 122 silver antoniniani, a glass flask and four worn sestertii deposited on a plaque dedicated to the Danubian Riders. This copper-allied tinned plaque is remarkable for its rarity in the western provinces as for the high technical degree quality of its decoration. The originality of the hoard, buried in the 260s AD, comes from its heterogeneous contents: daily and precious items and a religious object are mixed.La villa gallo-romaine du Champ de Saint-Éloi à Merbes-le-Château (Belgique) est implantée en bordure de la Sambre, à l’extrémité orientale de la cité des Nerviens. Elle comportait, aux IIe et IIIe s. apr. J.-C., un imposant corps de logis et plusieurs bâtiments à fonctions économique et ornementale. Le site a également livré un dépôt d’objets précieux, découvert à l’intérieur du bâtiment principal dans une petite pièce semi-enterrée. Il se compose de deux chaudrons en alliage de cuivre et d’un petit coffret contenant deux cuillères en argent, une bourse de 122 antoniniens en argent, une fiole en verre, ainsi que quatre sesterces usés posés sur une plaquette dédiée aux Cavaliers danubiens. Celle-ci, en alliage de cuivre étamée, est exceptionnelle tant par sa rareté dans les provinces occidentales que par la qualité technique de son décor. L’originalité du dépôt, dont l’enfouissement est daté des années 260 apr. J.-C., tient dans sa composition hétérogène, mêlant des objets de la vie courante, des biens précieux et une pièce à caractère religieux

Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the teeth and classifying genetic dental disorders

Dental anomalies occur frequently in a number of genetic disorders and act as major signs in diagnosing these disorders. We present definitions of the most common dental signs and propose a classification usable as a diagnostic tool by dentists, clinical geneticists, and other health care providers. The definitions are part of the series Elements of Morphology and have been established after careful discussions within an international group of experienced dentists and geneticists. The classification system was elaborated in the French collaborative network 'TÊTECOU' and the affiliated O-Rares reference/competence centers. The classification includes isolated and syndromic disorders with oral and dental anomalies, to which causative genes and main extraoral signs and symptoms are added. A systematic literature analysis yielded 408 entities of which a causal gene has been identified in 79%. We classified dental disorders in eight groups: dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth, dental size and/or shape, enamel, dentin, dental eruption, periodontal and gingival, and tumor-like anomalies. We aim the classification to act as a shared reference for clinical and epidemiological studies. We welcome critical evaluations of the definitions and classification and will regularly update the classification for newly recognized conditions

HIV Testing and Diagnosis Rates in Kiev, Ukraine: April 2013-March 2014

Data from Ukraine on risk factors for HIV acquisition are limited. We describe the characteristics of individuals testing for HIV in the main testing centres of the Ukrainian capital Kiev, including HIV risk factors, testing rates, and positivity rates. As part of a larger study to estimate HIV incidence within Kiev City, we included questions on possible risk factors for HIV acquisition and testing history to existing systems in 4 infectious disease clinics. Data were provided by the person requesting an HIV test using a handheld electronic tablet. All persons (≥16 yrs) presenting for an HIV test April 2013-March 2014 were included. Rates per 100,000 were calculated using region-specific denominators for Kiev. During the study period 6370 individuals tested for HIV, equivalent to a testing rate of 293.2 per 100,000. Of these, 467 (7.8%) were HIV-positive, with the highest proportion positive among 31-35 year olds (11.2%), males (9.4%), people who inject drugs (PWID) (17.9%) and men who have sex with men (MSM) (24.1%). Using published population size estimates of MSM, diagnosis rates for MSM ranged from 490.6 to 1548.3/100,000. A higher proportion of heterosexual women compared to heterosexual men reported contact with PWID, (16% vs. 4.7%) suggesting a bridging in risk between PWID and their sexual partners. Collection of HIV risk factor information in Kiev, essential for the purposes of developing effective HIV prevention and response tools, is feasible. The high percentage of MSM among those testing positive for HIV, may indicate a significant level of undisclosed sex between men in national figures

Vitalism and the Resistance to Experimentation on Life in the Eighteenth Century

There is a familiar opposition between a ‘Scientific Revolution’ ethos and practice of experimentation, including experimentation on life, and a ‘vitalist’ reaction to this outlook. The former is often allied with different forms of mechanism – if all of Nature obeys mechanical laws, including living bodies, ‘iatromechanism’ should encounter no obstructions in investigating the particularities of animal-machines – or with more chimiatric theories of life and matter, as in the ‘Oxford Physiologists’. The latter reaction also comes in different, perhaps irreducibly heterogeneous forms, ranging from metaphysical and ethical objections to the destruction of life, as in Margaret Cavendish, to more epistemological objections against the usage of instruments, the ‘anatomical’ outlook and experimentation, e.g. in Locke and Sydenham. But I will mainly focus on a third anti-interventionist argument, which I call ‘vitalist’ since it is often articulated in the writings of the so-called Montpellier Vitalists, including their medical articles for the Encyclopédie. The vitalist argument against experimentation on life is subtly different from the metaphysical, ethical and epistemological arguments, although at times it may borrow from any of them. It expresses a Hippocratic sensibility – understood as an artifact of early modernity, not as some atemporal trait of medical thought – in which Life resists the experimenter, or conversely, for the experimenter to grasp something about Life, it will have to be without torturing or radically intervening in it. I suggest that this view does not have to imply that Nature is something mysterious or sacred; nor does the vitalist have to attack experimentation on life in the name of some ‘vital force’ – which makes it less surprising to find a vivisectionist like Claude Bernard sounding so close to the vitalists