El Tulipán Rojo

El proyecto consiste en el diseño y planeación de un largometraje de ficción (industria de entretenimiento audiovisual). Este proyecto busca perfilarse en la categoría de cine independiente debido al modelo de realización, temática y objetivos que planeamos darle. Si bien el cine independiente apunta a mercados reducidos y no masivos, consideramos que es un mercado de mayor trascendencia artística al buscar un recorrido por festivales. Esto implica estar bajo el ojo de un público más involucrado en el medio y según nuestros objetivos como realizadores, estos festivales a los que apuntamos, logran legitimar la pieza audiovisual. El guion está escrito y van desarrollándose, a nivel creativo, las propuestas en diferentes áreas. Optamos por tener una planeación completa antes de iniciar el recorrido de financiamiento para encarar a los inversionistas con una propuesta concreta y avanzada. Tomamos con calma el contexto por el que está pasando la industria a raíz de la pandemia del virus COVID-19. El 2020 fue considerado un periodo para armar la carpeta del proyecto y en el 2021 se iniciarán los pasos para el financiamiento. Apuntamos a fondos del Ministerio de Cultura del Perú, así como a fondos internacionales interesados en repotenciar la industria del cine a nivel global (a raíz de esta paralización que vivimos). Tomaremos como marco de referencia la situación de la industria antes del COVID-19 para guiar nuestro análisis del mercado, puesto que los estudios a raíz de la crisis son insuficientes o poco claros. Los factores clave que tenemos para el desarrollo del proyecto son el acceso a alianzas y a modo de coproducción para realizar el proyecto. Nos referimos a Rentals (empresas dedicadas al costoso alquiler de equipo técnico cinematográfico) que nos generan un gran alivio en el aspecto económico. Otro factor es la realización de un guion sólido, bien revisado y con algún reconocimiento en su haber; además, la capacidad acumulada de los directores (quienes escriben la tesis) en dichas áreas ofrece una garantía de buen trabajo. Para poder lograr este objetivo hemos decidido participar de dos talleres reconocidos de guion. Estos son: BioBioLab y Labguión. El primero es parte del Festival BioBio Cine y se desarrolla en base a las propuestas de ficción de realizadores en los países andinos. El segundo, Labguión, es el más importante de la región pues conforma el programa Ibermedia y suele ser una catapulta para el financiamiento de dicho fondo. Finalmente, reconocemos que para el éxito del proyecto es indispensable un buen manejo de las estrategias de marketing, por ello, será importante no descuidar nunca este aspecto

La inseguridad en Cúcuta

La ciudad de San José de Cúcuta como zona fronteriza del oriente colombiano presenta una gran movilidad tanto civil como vehicular, siendo una ciudad tan pequeña, se siente que no da abasto para tantas personas; gracias a esto, se ve reflejado el desempleo y el aumento del empleo informal la cual no está registrado, viendo a Cúcuta como uno de los índices de desempleo más grande del país. De este modo, este índice de desempleo llega a manifestarse con el aumento de delitos, siendo también la ciudad de Cúcuta como una de las más inseguras del país. Por otro lado, la continua inversión en la seguridad ciudadana e inversión tecnológica a las instituciones encargadas de la seguridad ha ayudado en parte, pero cada vez que se le invierte en la seguridad, la inseguridad aumenta a la par sin descender un poco, mientras un crimen disminuye, otro aumenta. Sin embargo, la ciudad ha tenido cambios tanto en infraestructura, como económica y de seguridad, llegando a aumentar para el 2019 sus índices de seguridad y mejoría económica; pero aun así Cúcuta no sale de los últimos lugares de las ciudades capitales más peligrosas del país

Nuclear medium modification of the F2 structure function

We study the nuclear effects in the electromagnetic structure function F2(x,Q^2) in nuclei in the deep inelastic lepton nucleus scattering process by taking into account Fermi motion, binding, pion and rho meson cloud contributions. Calculations have been done in a local density approximation using relativistic nuclear spectral functions which include nucleon correlations for nuclear matter. The ratios over deuteron structure function are obtained and compared with the recent JLAB results for light nuclei with special attention to the slope of the x distributions. This magnitude shows a non trivial A dependence and it is insensitive to possible normalization uncertainties. The results have also been compared with some of the older experiments using intermediate mass nuclei.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures. This version matches accepted version to be published in Nuclear Physics

Gauge invariant definition of the jet quenching parameter

In the framework of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, the jet quenching parameter, $\hat{q}$, has been evaluated by adding the effect of Glauber gluon interactions to the propagation of a highly-energetic collinear parton in a medium. The result, which holds in covariant gauges, has been expressed in terms of the expectation value of two Wilson lines stretching along the direction of the four-momentum of the parton. In this paper, we show how that expression can be generalized to an arbitrary gauge by the addition of transverse Wilson lines. The transverse Wilson lines are explicitly computed by resumming interactions of the parton with Glauber gluons that appear only in non-covariant gauges. As an application of our result, we discuss the contribution to $\hat{q}$ coming from transverse momenta of order $g^2T$ in a medium that is a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures; journal versio

Forest hydrology in Chile: Past, present, and future

This paper reviews the current knowledge of hydrological processes in Chilean temperate forests which extend along western South America from latitude 29° S to 56 ° S. This geographic region includes a diverse range of natural and planted forests and a broad sweep of vegetation, edaphic, topographic, geologic, and climatic settings which create a unique natural laboratory. Many local communities, endangered freshwater ecosystems, and downstream economic activities in Chile rely on water flows from forested catchments. This review aims to (i) provide a comprehensive overview of Chilean forest hydrology, to (ii) review prior research in forest hydrology in Chile, and to (iii) identify knowledge gaps and provide a vision for future research on forest hydrology in Chile. We reviewed the relation between native forests, commercial plantations, and other land uses on water yield and water quality from the plot to the catchment scale. Much of the global understanding of forests and their relationship with the water cycle is in line with the findings of the studies reviewed here. Streamflow from forested catchments increases after timber harvesting, native forests appear to use less water than plantations, and streams draining native forest yield less sediment than streams draining plantations or grassland/shrublands. We identified 20 key knowledge gaps such as forest groundwater systems, soil–plant-atmosphere interactions, native forest hydrology, and the effect of forest management and restoration on hydrology. Also, we found a paucity of research in the northern geographic areas and forest types (35-36 ° S); most forest hydrology studies in Chile (56 %) have been conducted in the southern area (Los Rios Region around 39-40 ° S). There is limited knowledge of the geology and soils in many forested areas and how surface and groundwater are affected by changes in land cover. There is an opportunity to advance our understanding using process-based investigations linking field studies and modeling. Through the establishment of a forest hydrology science “society” to coordinate efforts, regional and national-scale land use planning might be supported. Our review ends with a vision to advance a cross-scale collaborative effort to use new nation-wide catchment-scale networks Long-term Ecosystem Research (LTER) sites, to promote common and complementary techniques in these studies, and to conduct transdisciplinary research to advance sound and integrated planning of forest lands in Chile

Jet quenching

We present a comprehensive review of the physics of hadron and jet production at large transverse momentum in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. Emphasis is put on experimental and theoretical "jet quenching" observables that provide direct information on the (thermo)dynamical properties of hot and dense QCD matter.Comment: Springer Verlag. Landolt-Boernstein Vol. 1-23A. 49 pages. 36 figures. Minor corrections & references adde

Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV

The inclusive transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions of primary charged particles are measured in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta|<0.8$ as a function of event centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The data are presented in the $p_{\rm T}$ range $0.15<p_{\rm T}<50$ GeV/$c$ for nine centrality intervals from 70-80% to 0-5%. The Pb-Pb spectra are presented in terms of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm{AA}}$ using a pp reference spectrum measured at the same collision energy. We observe that the suppression of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles strongly depends on event centrality. In central collisions (0-5%) the yield is most suppressed with $R_{\rm{AA}}\approx0.13$ at $p_{\rm T}=6$-7 GeV/$c$. Above $p_{\rm T}=7$ GeV/$c$, there is a significant rise in the nuclear modification factor, which reaches $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx0.4$ for $p_{\rm T}>30$ GeV/$c$. In peripheral collisions (70-80%), the suppression is weaker with $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx 0.7$ almost independently of $p_{\rm T}$. The measured nuclear modification factors are compared to other measurements and model calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/284

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161

Effective Rheology of Bubbles Moving in a Capillary Tube

We calculate the average volumetric flux versus pressure drop of bubbles moving in a single capillary tube with varying diameter, finding a square-root relation from mapping the flow equations onto that of a driven overdamped pendulum. The calculation is based on a derivation of the equation of motion of a bubble train from considering the capillary forces and the entropy production associated with the viscous flow. We also calculate the configurational probability of the positions of the bubbles.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Measurement of charm production at central rapidity in proton-proton collisions at s=2.76\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections of the prompt (B feed-down subtracted) charmed mesons D$^0$, D$^+$, and D$^{*+}$ in the rapidity range $|y|<0.5$, and for transverse momentum $1< p_{\rm T} <12$ GeV/$c$, were measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis exploited the hadronic decays D$^0 \rightarrow$K$\pi$, D$^+ \rightarrow$K$\pi\pi$, D$^{*+} \rightarrow$D$^0\pi$, and their charge conjugates, and was performed on a $L_{\rm int} = 1.1$ nb$^{-1}$ event sample collected in 2011 with a minimum-bias trigger. The total charm production cross section at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV and at 7 TeV was evaluated by extrapolating to the full phase space the $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV and our previous measurements at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The results were compared to existing measurements and to perturbative-QCD calculations. The fraction of cdbar D mesons produced in a vector state was also determined.Comment: 20 pages, 5 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 15, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/307