684 research outputs found
Structured computer-based training in the interpretation of neuroradiological images
Computer-based systems may be able to address a recognised need throughout the medical profession for a more structured approach to training. We describe a combined training system for neuroradiology, the MR Tutor that differs from previous approaches to computer-assisted training in radiology in that it provides case-based tuition whereby the system and user communicate in terms of a well-founded Image Description Language. The system implements a novel method of visualisation and interaction with a library of fully described cases utilising statistical models of similarity, typicality and disease categorisation of cases. We describe the rationale, knowledge representation and design of the system, and provide a formative evaluation of its usability and effectiveness
The Hartree-Fock state for the 2DEG at filling factor 1/2 revisited: analytic solution, dynamics and correlation energy
The CDW Hartree-Fock state at half filling and half electron per unit cell is
examined. Firstly, an exact solution in terms of Bloch-like states is
presented. Using this solution we discuss the dynamics near half filling and
show the mass to diverge logarithmically as this filling is approached. We also
show how a uniform density state may be constructed from a linear combination
of two degenerate solutions. Finally we show the second order correction to the
energy to be an order of magnitude larger than that for competing CDW solutions
with one electron per unit cell.Comment: 14 pages, no figures, extended acknowledgements, two new references
include
Geometric phases for non-degenerate and degenerate mixed states
This paper focuses on the geometric phase of general mixed states under
unitary evolution. Here we analyze both non-degenerate as well as degenerate
states. Starting with the non-degenerate case, we show that the usual procedure
of subtracting the dynamical phase from the total phase to yield the geometric
phase for pure states, does not hold for mixed states. To this end, we furnish
an expression for the geometric phase that is gauge invariant. The parallelity
conditions are shown to be easily derivable from this expression. We also
extend our formalism to states that exhibit degeneracies. Here with the
holonomy taking on a non-abelian character, we provide an expression for the
geometric phase that is manifestly gauge invariant. As in the case of the
non-degenerate case, the form also displays the parallelity conditions clearly.
Finally, we furnish explicit examples of the geometric phases for both the
non-degenerate as well as degenerate mixed states.Comment: 23 page
Effects of interface roughness on the annealing behaviour of laminated Ti-Al composite deformed by hot rolling
Fabrication of CuO nanoparticle interlinked microsphere cages by solution method
Here we report a very simple method to convert conventional CuO powders to nanoparticle interlinked microsphere cages by solution method. CuO is dissolved into aqueous ammonia, and the solution is diluted by alcohol and dip coating onto a glass substrate. Drying at 80 °C, the nanostructures with bunchy nanoparticles of Cu(OH)2can be formed. After the substrate immerges into the solution and we vaporize the solution, hollow microspheres can be formed onto the substrate. There are three phases in the as-prepared samples, monoclinic tenorite CuO, orthorhombic Cu(OH)2, and monoclinic carbonatodiamminecopper(II) (Cu(NH3)2CO3). After annealing at 150 °C, the products convert to CuO completely. At annealing temperature above 350 °C, the hollow microspheres became nanoparticle interlinked cages
Quantum central limit theorem for continuous-time quantum walks on odd graphs in quantum probability theory
The method of the quantum probability theory only requires simple structural
data of graph and allows us to avoid a heavy combinational argument often
necessary to obtain full description of spectrum of the adjacency matrix. In
the present paper, by using the idea of calculation of the probability
amplitudes for continuous-time quantum walk in terms of the quantum probability
theory, we investigate quantum central limit theorem for continuous-time
quantum walks on odd graphs.Comment: 19 page, 1 figure
Consumption caught in the cash nexus.
During the last thirty years, ‘consumption’ has become a major topic in the study of contemporary culture within anthropology, psychology and sociology. For many authors it has become central to understanding the nature of material culture in the modern world but this paper argues that the concept is, in British writing at least, too concerned with its economic origins in the selling and buying of consumer goods or commodities. It is argued that to understand material culture as determined through the monetary exchange for things - the cash nexus - leads to an inadequate sociological understanding of the social relations with objects. The work of Jean Baudrillard is used both to critique the concept of consumption as it leads to a focus on advertising, choice, money and shopping and to point to a more sociologically adequate approach to material culture that explores objects in a system of models and series, ‘atmosphere’, functionality, biography, interaction and mediation
Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset
corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected
during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.
The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the
couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and
right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary
mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b,
leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing
transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W'
boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to
the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for
masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC
data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed
coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant
improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe
Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV
A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The
analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC
from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an
integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross
section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected
exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the
standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The
analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model
Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The
largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is
observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance
of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local
significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is
estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of
this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters
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