Improving access to the health care system for disadvantaged groups with the help of private health insurance in Portugal

The world’s population is ageing, and so is the Portuguese population. (Instituto National de Estatistica, 2022c) With an aging population, it is especially important to make sure that people age healthily and do not become a greater burden on the system. This master thesis investigates the possibilities of supporting especially the disadvantaged, poor and old population with a private health insurance. The Portuguese market was analyzed to better understand the problem structure, and a benchmark analysis was performed to identify possible solutions. The result brought different solutions, which were investigated in more detail. The result shows that the problem can only be addressed by a combination of solutions. Attention has to be paid to the costs as well as to the revenue structure. The cost structure represents a larger solution potential, since more approaches were identified, and initiatives do already exist. More research needs to be done specifically on the revenue side. Especially with regards to legal regulations.A população mundial está a envelhecer, tal como a população portuguesa. (Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, 2022c) Com uma população envelhecida, é especialmente importante assegurar que as pessoas envelheçam saudavelmente e não se tornem um fardo maior para o sistema. Esta tese de mestrado investiga as possibilidades de apoiar especialmente a população desfavorecida, pobre e idosa com um seguro de saúde privado. O mercado português foi analisado para melhor compreender a estrutura do problema, e foi realizada uma análise de referência para identificar possíveis soluções. O resultado trouxe diferentes soluções, que foram investigadas com mais detalhe. O resultado mostra que o problema só pode ser abordado através de uma combinação de soluções. Há que prestar atenção aos custos, bem como à estrutura de receitas. A estrutura de custos representa um potencial de solução maior, uma vez que foram identificadas mais abordagens e que já existem iniciativas. Mais investigação tem de ser feita especificamente no lado das receitas. Especialmente no que diz respeito aos regulamentos legais

Randomization tests in language typology

Two of the major assumptions that common statistical tests make about random sampling and distribution of the data are not tenable for most typological data. We suggest to use randomization tests, which avoid these assumptions. Randomization is applicable to frequency data, rank data, scalar measurements, and ratings, so most typological data can be analyzed with the same tools. We provided a free computer program, which also includes routines that help determine the degree to which a statistical conclusion is reliable or dependent on a few languages in the sampl

First Same-Sex Partner and the Internet

The present study examined the first episode of anal intercourse of young gay and bisexual men (YGBM) who were in the midst of their coming-out. Cross-sectional data regarding the first episode of anal intercourse were extracted from Outcomes, a longitudinal study on coming-out and sexual behavior of YGBM in the Netherlands. Overall, 45% of respondents reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with their first same-sex partner. Rates of UAI did not significantly differ between meeting place (offline vs. online) and partner status (steady, regular or casual)

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements