Satisfacción y rotación laboral en personal de empresas mineras de Arequipa y Cusco

En la actualidad, la satisfacción laboral y la intención de rotación son considerados fenómenos organizacionales de gran importancia en la gestión empresarial debido al impacto que tienen sobre el desempeño de las empresas. A nivel internacional, existen varios estudios que buscan explicar estos fenómenos analizándolos de manera individual. Sin embargo, son pocos aquellos tratados que intentan explicar la relación existente entre ambos. Por este motivo, la presente investigación intenta demostrar la existencia de una relación causa-efecto entre ambos fenómenos organizacionales y con ello, mejorar la efectividad de los esfuerzos realizados por diversas compañías, las mismas que invierten recursos para mejorar la satisfacción de su personal sin necesariamente impactar positivamente la tasa de rotación del mismo. El presente estudio es de naturaleza descriptiva y emplea un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño correlacional en el que se obtuvo una muestra de 111 funcionarios de mando medio de las dos principales empresas de gran minería en los departamentos de Arequipa y Cusco para identificar los rangos de satisfacción laboral y su influencia en la intención de rotación. Para ello, se utilizó el cuestionario “Escala de Opiniones SL-SPC” (Palma, 2005) y el cuestionario de “Intención de Rotación Laboral” (Jacobo & Roodt, 2008). Consecuencia de este estudio, se identificó una relación causa-efecto entre ambos fenómenos. No obstante, no todos los componentes de la satisfacción laboral realmente influyeron sobre la intención de rotación. En este sentido y raíz de este estudio, ambas empresas pueden identificar qué aspectos de satisfacción laboral en su personal deben ser priorizados en aras de reducir verdaderamente la tasa de rotaciónNowadays, job satisfaction and turnover intention are considered organizational phenomena with great importance in business management due to the impact they have on companies’ performance. Internationally, there are several studies that seek to explain these phenomena, analyzing them individually. However, only few treaties attempt to explain the relationship between both concepts. In consequence, this research tries to demonstrate the existence of a cause-effect relationship between these two organizational phenomena and improve the effectiveness of different companies’ efforts, which invest resources to improve employee satisfaction without necessarily impact positively the turnover rate. This study has a descriptive nature and uses quantitative approach of correlational design which was obtained from a 111 senior executive sample of two leading companies in large-scale mining sector of Arequipa and Cusco, to identify the relationship between job satisfaction and its influence on turnover intention. This thesis used the "Scale of Views SL-SPC Questionnaire" (Palma, 2005) and the "Employment Turnover Intent Questionnaire" (Jacobo & Roodt, 2008). As a result, the relationship between both phenomena was identified, but not all job satisfaction components actually influenced the employee turnover intention. Therefore, using these study results, both companies (which provided the sample) can identify which aspects of job satisfaction in their employees must be prioritized in order to truly reduce the employee turnover rateTesi

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

La colaboración virtual en el entorno laboral

La actitud hacia la colaboración virtual son los sentimientos positivos o negativos de un individuo acerca del trabajo de colaboración virtual. Entender la relación que tienen ciertos factores sociales e individuales en la actitud de trabajadores hacia colaborar de manera virtual es un tema importante hoy en día para las organizaciones y el ámbito académico. Se aplicó de manera parcial en el ámbito laboral un modelo de relaciones entre constructos que relacionan factores individuales y sociales (la expectativa de resultados, la expectativa de soporte de grupo y la experiencia previa tecnológica) que influyen en la actitud hacia la colaboración virtual. El modelo se valida en base a la data de 505 participantes que respondieron una encuesta de 8 minutos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en empresas de diferentes sectores (tecnológico, industrial, energía, consultoría, telecomunicaciones y construcción). El resultado confirma la influencia de los tres factores

Propuesta de un modelo de predicción de cáncer de mama utilizando deep learning

En la presente tesis, queremos demostrar y proponer como la tecnología puede ser utilizada por los genetistas y especialistas en oncología como una herramienta para agilizar la detección de cáncer de mama, siendo este el más común en Perú. El diagnóstico temprano es un mecanismo efectivo que ayuda a la reducción de la mortalidad en este tipo de cáncer de tal manera que se pueda seguir un tratamiento adecuado. Actualmente una forma de detectarlo es a través de una prueba genética para identificar mutaciones en los genes BRCA 1 y BRCA 2, sin embargo, este camino contiene pruebas que son difíciles, costosas y lentas, que a su vez requieren una carga de trabajo excesiva por parte de un biólogo o genetista. por tal motivo se tiene como objetivo combinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el cáncer de mamá, incluidas las variaciones genéticas para diseñar un modelo predictivo basados en la inteligencia artificial para determinar si el tumor asociado al cáncer es benigno o maligno. El modelo se diseñó utilizando un algoritmo de redes neuronales logrando obtener un rendimiento de 92% precisión con datos de prueba en tan solo unos minutos. Esta propuesta de modelo de predicción es única en el Perú y puede ser ofrecida por una Gerencia de TI dentro de una organización del sector salud para que posteriormente pueda ser implementada y desplegada por un equipo de científicos de datos.In the present thesis, we are looking for a demonstration and proposal how the technology can be so useful for the genetic and oncology Scientifics as a tool for quick detection of the breast cancer, which ones is the most common in Peru. Early diagnosis is the most effective way for a treatment to help people to prevent the mortality in this kind of cancer. At this moment, the best way for an early detection is a genetical test to look for mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 gen, however this way is so hard, because this requires a lot of difficult, expensive, and slowly tests remark a lot of work of the genetic and oncology Scientifics. That is the reason our thesis has as the principal goal to combine all the risk factors associated with breast cancer, including genetical mutations, for generate a predictive model based in artificial intelligence for determinate if a kind of tumor is associated with benign or pathogenic. This designed model has a 92% of precision with open-source test data in a few minutes. This predictive model is unique in Peru and can be offered by an IT Management within a health sector organization so that it can later be implemented and deployed by a team of data scientists

Assessment of plasma chitotriosidase activity, CCL18/PARC concentration and NP-C suspicion index in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C : A prospective observational study

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The diagnosis of NP-C remains challenging due to the non-specific, heterogeneous nature of signs/symptoms. This study assessed the utility of plasma chitotriosidase (ChT) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18)/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC) in conjunction with the NP-C suspicion index (NP-C SI) for guiding confirmatory laboratory testing in patients with suspected NP-C. In a prospective observational cohort study, incorporating a retrospective determination of NP-C SI scores, two different diagnostic approaches were applied in two separate groups of unrelated patients from 51 Spanish medical centers (n = 118 in both groups). From Jan 2010 to Apr 2012 (Period 1), patients with ≥2 clinical signs/symptoms of NP-C were considered 'suspected NP-C' cases, and NPC1/NPC2 sequencing, plasma chitotriosidase (ChT), CCL18/PARC and sphingomyelinase levels were assessed. Based on findings in Period 1, plasma ChT and CCL18/PARC, and NP-C SI prediction scores were determined in a second group of patients between May 2012 and Apr 2014 (Period 2), and NPC1 and NPC2 were sequenced only in those with elevated ChT and/or elevated CCL18/PARC and/or NP-C SI ≥70. Filipin staining and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) measurements were performed in all patients with NP-C gene mutations, where possible. In total across Periods 1 and 2, 10/236 (4%) patients had a confirmed diagnosis o NP-C based on gene sequencing (5/118 [4.2%] in each Period): all of these patients had two causal NPC1 mutations. Single mutant NPC1 alleles were detected in 8/236 (3%) patients, overall. Positive filipin staining results comprised three classical and five variant biochemical phenotypes. No NPC2 mutations were detected. All patients with NPC1 mutations had high ChT activity, high CCL18/PARC concentrations and/or NP-C SI scores ≥70. Plasma 7-KC was higher than control cut-off values in all patients with two NPC1 mutations, and in the majority of patients with single mutations. Family studies identified three further NP-C patients. This approach may be very useful for laboratories that do not have mass spectrometry facilities and therefore, they cannot use other NP-C biomarkers for diagnosis

Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer

To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L-1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4 degrees C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.Peer reviewe

Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer

To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L−1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4°C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains