391 research outputs found
Mindfulness for irritable bowel syndrome: protocol development for a controlled clinical trial
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional bowel disorder with symptoms of abdominal pain and disturbed defecation experienced by 10% of U.S. adults, results in significant disability, impaired quality of life, and health-care burden. Conventional medical care focusing on pharmacological approaches, diet, and lifestyle management has been partially effective in controlling symptoms. Behavioral treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnosis, are promising. This paper describes an on-going feasibility study to assess the efficacy of mindfulness training, a behavioral treatment involving directing and sustaining attention to present-moment experience, for the treatment of IBS.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>The study design involves randomization of adult women with IBS according to Rome II criteria, to either an eight-week mindfulness training group (based on a Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction [MBSR] format) or a previously validated IBS social-support group as an attention-control condition. The primary hypothesis is that, compared to Support Group participants, those in the Mindfulness Program will demonstrate significant improvement in IBS symptoms as measured by the IBS Symptom Severity Scale <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B1">1</abbr></abbrgrp>.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>214 individuals have been screened for eligibility, of whom 148 were eligible for the study. Of those, 87 were enrolled, with 21 withdrawing after having given consent. 66 have completed or are in the process of completing the interventions. It is feasible to undertake a rigorous randomized clinical trial of mindfulness training for people with IBS, using a standardized MBSR protocol adapted for those experiencing IBS, compared to a control social-support group previously utilized in IBS studies.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00680693</p
Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions in the forward region in pp collisions at âs=7 TeV
Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions, produced in protonproton collisions at a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, are studied using a data sample collected
by the LHCb experiment. The signature for Bose-Einstein correlations is observed in the
form of an enhancement of pairs of like-sign charged pions with small four-momentum
difference squared. The charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the Bose-Einstein correlation parameters describing the correlation strength and the size of the emitting source
is investigated, determining both the correlation radius and the chaoticity parameter. The
measured correlation radius is found to increase as a function of increasing charged-particle
multiplicity, while the chaoticity parameter is seen to decreas
Retreatment for hepatitis C virus direct-acting antiviral therapy virological failure in primary and tertiary settings: The REACH-C cohort
Virological failure occurs in a small proportion of people treated for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. This study assessed retreatment for virological failure in a large real-world cohort. REACH-C is an Australian observational study (n = 10,843) evaluating treatment outcomes of sequential DAA initiations across 33 health services between March 2016 to June 2019. Virological failure retreatment data were collected until October 2020. Of 408 people with virological failure (81% male; median age 53; 38% cirrhosis; 56% genotype 3), 213 (54%) were retreated once; 15 were retreated twice. A range of genotype specific and pangenotypic DAAs were used to retreat virological failure in primary (n = 56) and tertiary (n = 157) settings. Following sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir availability in 2019, the proportion retreated in primary care increased from 21% to 40% and median time to retreatment initiation declined from 294 to 152 days. Per protocol (PP) sustained virological response (SVR12) was similar for people retreated in primary and tertiary settings (80% vs 81%; p = 1.000). In regression analysis, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (vs. other regimens) significantly decreased likelihood of second virological failure (PP SVR12 88% vs. 77%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.29; 95%CI 0.11â0.81); cirrhosis increased likelihood (PP SVR12 69% vs. 91%; AOR 4.26; 95%CI 1.64â11.09). Indigenous Australians had lower likelihood of retreatment initiation (AOR 0.36; 95%CI 0.15â0.81). Treatment setting and prescriber type were not associated with retreatment initiation or outcome. Virological failure can be effectively retreated in primary care. Expanded access to simplified retreatment regimens through decentralized models may increase retreatment uptake and reduce HCV-related mortality
The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Updated Determination of Dâ°âDÂŻâ°Mixing and CP Violation Parameters with Dâ°âKâșÏâ» Decays
We report measurements of charm-mixing parameters based on the decay-time-dependent ratio of Dâ°âKâșÏâ» to Dâ°âKâ»Ïâș rates. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0ââfbâ»Âč recorded by the LHCb experiment from 2011 through 2016. Assuming charge-parity (CP) symmetry, the mixing parameters are determined to be xâČÂČ=(3.9±2.7)Ă10â»â”, yâČ=(5.28±0.52)Ă10â»Âł, and R[subscript D]=(3.454±0.031)Ă10â»Âł. Without this assumption, the measurement is performed separately for Dâ° and D[over ÂŻ]â° mesons, yielding a direct CP-violating asymmetry A[subscript D]=(-0.1±9.1)Ă10â»Âł, and magnitude of the ratio of mixing parameters 1.00<|q/p|<1.35 at the 68.3% confidence level. All results include statistical and systematic uncertainties and improve significantly upon previous single-measurement determinations. No evidence for CP violation in charm mixing is observed
Measurement of CP observables in B± â D(â)K± and B± â D(â)ϱ decays
Measurements of CP observables in B ± âD (â) K ± and B ± âD (â) Ï Â± decays are presented, where D (â) indicates a neutral D or D â meson that is an admixture of D (â)0 and DÂŻ (â)0 states. Decays of the D â meson to the DÏ 0 and DÎł final states are partially reconstructed without inclusion of the neutral pion or photon, resulting in distinctive shapes in the B candidate invariant mass distribution. Decays of the D meson are fully reconstructed in the K ± Ï â , K + K â and Ï + Ï â final states. The analysis uses a sample of charged B mesons produced in pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0, 1.0 and 2.0 fb â1 taken at centre-of-mass energies of s=7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The study of B ± âD â K ± and B ± âD â Ï Â± decays using a partial reconstruction method is the first of its kind, while the measurement of B ± âDK ± and B ± âDÏ Â± decays is an update of previous LHCb measurements. The B ± âDK ± results are the most precise to date
Observation of Dâ° Meson Decays to Î âșÏâ»ÎŒâșΌ⻠and KâșKâ»ÎŒâșΌ⻠Final States
The first observation of the Dâ°âÏâșÏâ»ÎŒâșΌ⻠and Dâ°âKâșKâ»ÎŒâșΌ⻠decays is reported using a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by LHCb at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to 2ââfbâ»Âč of integrated luminosity. The corresponding branching fractions are measured using as normalization the decay Dâ°âKâ»Ïâș[ÎŒâșÎŒâ»][subscript Ïâ°/Ï], where the two muons are consistent with coming from the decay of a Ïâ° or Ï meson. The results are B(Dâ°âÏâșÏâ»ÎŒâșÎŒâ»)=(9.64±0.48±0.51±0.97)Ă10â»â· and B(Dâ°âKâșKâ»ÎŒâșÎŒâ»)=(1.54±0.27±0.09±0.16)Ă10â»â·, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the limited knowledge of the normalization branching fraction. The dependence of the branching fraction on the dimuon mass is also investigated
Study of prompt D0 meson production in pPb collisions at âsNN=5 TeV
Production of prompt D0 mesons is studied in proton-lead and lead-proton collisions recorded at the LHCb detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.58±0.02 nbâ1 recorded at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of âsNN=5 TeV. Measurements of the differential cross-section, the forward-backward production ratio and the nuclear modification factor are reported using D 0 candidates with transverse momenta less than 10 GeV/c and rapidities in the ranges 1.5 < y â < 4.0 and â5.0 < y â < â2.5 in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass system.S
- âŠ