Effect of obesity in Independence and balance in people with intelectual disability

Background People with obesity often have problems with postural control. Some studies show that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a higher likelihood of having falls than the general population, with a prevalence in adults of between 29% and 70% (Cox et al., 2010). Currently, there are no studies that show the effects of obesity on independence and balance in people with ID. The objective of our study is analyse, in people with ID, the degree of influence that obesity has on independence with regard to activities of daily living, static and semi-static balance. Therefore, we can compare two groups: obese people and non-obese people. Our hypothesis is that obesity will exercise a negative influence on static and semi-static balance as well as on independence and the development of the activities of daily living. Method In a cross-sectional study, we compared static and semi-static balance in two groups of people with ID: the obese and the non-obese. All those in the sample had a low ID (IQ: 70-50) to mild ID (IQ 50-35). To measure balance we used a single leg balance test (SLBT) with opened eyes and closed eyes, and a functional reach test (FRT). In order to measure levels of dependence we used a Barthel index. The outcome variables were: time in balance in SLBT open eyes/closed eyes), maximum range of FRT and Barthel index. Results and Discussion We found significant differences in all outcome variables between two groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze how obesity affects independence, static balance and semi-static balance in people with ID. However, other studies have analyzed the effects of obesity on the general population (Singh et al., 2009). In both studies (General population: Singh et al. 2009 and people with ID in this study) we observed that obesity can be a determinant of negatively static balance and semi-static balance. Conclussion The main conclusion of this study is that obesity has a negative effect on independence, static balance and semi-static balance in people with ID. These results would have been carried out when we carry out an intervention on people with ID to prevent falls. References - Cox CR, Clemson L, Stancliffe RJ, Durvasula S, Sherrington C. Incidence of and risk factors for falls among adults with an intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2010 Dec;54(12):1045-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01333.x. - Enkelaar L, Smulders E, van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk H, Weerdesteyn V, Geurts AC. Clinical measures are feasible and sensitive to assess balance and gait capacities in older persons with mild to moderate Intellectual Disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Jan;34(1):276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.014. - Singh D, Park W, Levy MS, Jung ES. The effects of obesity and standing time on postural sway during prolonged quiet standing. Ergonomics. 2009 Aug;52(8):977-86.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Screening the Toxoplasma kinome with high-throughput tagging identifies a regulator of invasion and egress

Protein kinases regulate fundamental aspects of eukaryotic cell biology, making them attractive chemotherapeutic targets in parasites like Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. To systematically examine the parasite kinome, we developed a high-throughput tagging (HiT) strategy to endogenously label protein kinases with an auxin-inducible degron and fluorophore. Hundreds of tagging vectors were assembled from synthetic sequences in a single reaction and used to generate pools of mutants to determine localization and function. Examining 1,160 arrayed clones, we assigned 40 protein localizations and associated 15 kinases with distinct defects. The fitness of tagged alleles was also measured by pooled screening, distinguishing delayed from acute phenotypes. A previously unstudied kinase, associated with a delayed phenotype, was shown to be a regulator of invasion and egress. We named the kinase Store Potentiating/Activating Regulatory Kinase (SPARK), based on its impact on intracellular Ca2+ stores. Despite homology to mammalian 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), SPARK lacks a lipid-binding domain, suggesting a rewiring of the pathway in parasites. HiT screening extends genome-wide approaches into complex cellular phenotypes, providing a scalable and versatile platform to dissect parasite biology

Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) dinuclear complexes of a polypodal ligand containing phenolate and pyridyl donor groups

Acetate and perchlorate dinuclear metal complexes of Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with the cresolate polypodal ligand having mixed phenolate and pyridyl pendant functionalities, H3L, have been synthesized. The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, LSI mass spectrometry, IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic studies and conductivity measurements. Crystal structures of H3L, [Cu-2(HL)(OAc)(H2O)(2)](OAc)center dot 1.5H(2)O and [Zn2L(CH3OH)(3)](ClO4)CH3OH center dot 2H(2)O complexes, have been also determined. The X-ray studies show the presence of dinuclear complexes with the metal ions joined by the bridging cresolate group and coordinated to the tertiary amine nitrogen and their corresponding attached pyridyl and phenol/phenolate pendant groups. The coordination environment for the metal ions is completed by acetate, water or solvent molecules to generate mixed distorted coordination geometries; square plane/square pyramidal for Cu(II) and octahedral/trigonal bipyramidal for Zn(II) complexes. Different intramolecular interactions through hydrogen bonds are also observed in both complexes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The role of ligand to metal charge-transfer states on the luminescence of Europium complexes with 18-membered macrocyclic ligands

International audienceWe report a detailed study of the photophysical properties of Eu III and Tb III complexes with two ligands based on a 3,6,10,13-tetraaza-1,8(2,6)-dipyridinacyclotetradecaphane platform containing either four pyridin-2yl-methyl (L 1) or four hydroxyethyl (L 2) pendant arms. The [TbL 1 ] 3+ and [TbL 2 ] 3+ complexes present moderate luminescence quantum yields upon excitation through the ligand bands (H 2 O = 7.4 and 21%, respectively). The [EuL 2 ] 3+ complex displays a relatively low quantum yield in H2O (H 2 O = 1.6%) that increases considerably in D2O (D 2 O = 5.3%), which highlights the strong quenching effect of the four ligand O-H oscillators. The emission spectrum of [EuL 1 ] 3+ is rather unusual in that it shows a relatively high intensity of the 5 D0 → 7 F5,6 transitions, which appears to be also related to the distorted D4d symmetry of the coordination polyhedron. Surprisingly, the quantum yield of the [EuL 2 ] 3+ complex is very low (H 2 O = 0.10%), considering the good protection of the Eu III coordination environment offered by the ligand. Cyclic voltammograms recorded from aqueous solutions of [EuL 1 ] 3+ display a reversible curve with a half-wave potential of-620 mV (versus Ag/AgCl), while [EuL 2 ] 3+ presents a reduction peak at more negative potential (-1040 mV). Thus, the L 1 ligand provides a rather good stabilisation of divalent Eu compared to the L 2 analogue, suggesting that the presence of a low-lying ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) state might be responsible for the low quantum yield determined for [EuL 1 ] 3+. A density functional theory (DFT) study provides very similar energies for the ligand-centered excited singlet (1 ππ*) and triplet (3 ππ*) states of [EuL 1 ] 3+ and [EuL 2 ] 3+. The energy of the 9 LMCT state of [EuL 1 ] 3+ was estimated to be 20760 cm-1 by using all-electron relativistic calculations based on the DKH2 approach, a value that decreases to 15940 cm-1 upon geometry relaxation

Synthesis, structures, and photophysics of polynuclear silver(I) thiolate and silver(I) thiocarboxylate complexes with dppm ligands

Trinuclear silver(I) thiolate and silver(I) thiocarboxylate complexes [Ag 3(μ-dppm) 3(μ n-SR) 2] (ClO 4) [n = 2, R = C 6H 4Cl-4 (1) and C{O}Ph (2); n = 3, R = tBu (3)], pentanuclear silver(I) thiolate complex [Ag 5(μ-dppm) 4(μ 3-SC 6H 4NO 2-4) 4](PF 6) (4), and hexanuclear silver(I) thiolate complexes [Ag 6(μ-dppm) 4(μ 3-SR) 4]Y 2 [Y = ClO 4, R =C 6H 4CH 3-4 (5) and C 10H 7 (2-naphthyl) (7); Y = PF 6, R = C 6H 4OCH 3-4(6)], were synthesized [dppm = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane] and their crystal structures as well as photophysical properties were studied. In the solid state at 77 K, trinuclear silver(I) thiolate and silver(I) thiocarboxylate complexes 1 and 2 exhibit luminescence at 470-523 nm, tentatively attributed to originate from the 3IL (intraligand) of thiolate or thiocarboxylate ligands, whereas hexanuclaer silver(I) thiolate complexes 5 and 7 produce dual emission, in which high-energy emission is tentatively attributed to come from the 3IL of thiolate ligands and low-energy emission is tentatively assigned to come from the admixture of metal⋯metal bond-to-ligand charge-transfer (MMLCT) and metal-centered (MC) excited states. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Synthesis and structure of the dimeric copper(II) complex tetrakis[N-thiazol-2-yl-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonamidate]dicopper(II)

The coordination chemistry of the ligand N-thiazol-2-yl-toluenesulfonamidate towards the copper(II) ion has been investigated using an electrochemical synthesis method. The X-ray structure of this complex was elucidated and is discussed. The compound crystallised in the monoclinic crystal system, P2(1)/c space group with a = 17.3888(9), b = 16.3003(9), c = 18.3679(9) angstrom and beta = 114.3640(10)degrees. Four bidentate sulfathiazolato anions bridge two metal centers in a paddle-wheel fashion, with the nitrogen atoms as donors to give a dimeric species with a Cu center dot center dot center dot Cu distance of 2.7859(5) angstrom