Still Waiting for Mister Right? Asymmetric Information, Abortion Laws and the Timing of Marriage

Previous studies have suggested that more liberal abortion laws should lead to a decrease in marriage rates among young women as 'shotgun weddings' are no longer necessary. Empirical evidence from the United States lends support to that hypothesis. This paper presents an alternative theory of abortion access and marriage based on asymmetric information, which suggests that more liberal abortion laws may actually promote young marriage. An empirical examination of marriage data from Eastern Europe shows that countries that liberalized their abortion laws saw an increase in marriage rates among non-teenage women.abortion, marriage asymmetric information

Bis[cis-bis­(diphenyl­phosphino)ethene]copper(I) dichloridocuprate(I)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C26H22P2)2][CuCl2], is composed of discrete Cu(dppey)2]+ cations [dppey is cis-bis­(diphenyl­phosphino)ethene] and [CuCl2]− anions. The tetra­hedral Cu(P—P)2 core of the [Cu(dppey)2]+ cation is distorted, with Cu—P bond lengths ranging from 2.269 (1) to 2.366 (1) Å. The five-membered –Cu—P—CH=CH—P– rings adopt envelope conformations, with the Cu atom lying 0.38 and 0.65 Å out of the P—C=C—P planes. The Cu—Cl distances in the [CuCl2]− anion are 2.094 (2) and 2.096 (2) Å, with a Cl—Cu—Cl angle of 176.81 (7)°

Iodobismuthate(III) and Iodobismuthate(III)/Iodocuprate(I) Complexes with Organic Ligands

Iodobismuthate(III) and iodobismuthate(III)/cuprate(I) complexes with chelating and bridging organic ligands are structurally characterized, including the first iodobismuthate(III) metal–organic polymers. BiIII/CuI clusters show ligand binding at copper. Diffuse reflectance spectra show UV/Vis absorptions, and DFT calculations suggest MLCT and metal–halide centered transitions

Visual pigments and oil droplets from six classes of photoreceptor in the retinas of birds

AbstractMicrospectrophotometric examination of the retinal photoreceptors of the budgerigar (shell parakeet), Melopsittacus undulatus (Psittaciformes) and the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata (Passeriformes), demonstrate the presence of four, spectrally distinct classes of single cone that contain visual pigments absorbing maximally at about 565, 507, 430–445 and 360–380 nm. The three longer-wave cone classes contain coloured oil droplets acting as long pass filters with cut-offs at about 570, 500–520 and 445 nm, respectively, whereas the ultraviolet-sensitive cones contain a transparent droplet. The two species possess double cones in which both members contain the long-wave-sensitive visual pigment, but only the principal member contains an oil droplet, with cut-off at about 420 nm. A survey of the cones of the pigeon, Columba livia (Columbiformes), confirms the presence of the three longer-wave classes of single cone, but also reveals the presence of a fourth class containing a visual pigment with maximum absorbance at about 409 nm, combined with a transparent droplet. No evidence was found for a fifth, ultraviolet-sensitive receptor. In the chicken, Gallus gallus (Galliformes), the cone class with a transparent droplet contains “chicken violet” with maximum absorbance at about 418 nm. The rods of all four species contain visual pigments that are spectrally similar, with maximum absorbance between about 506 and 509 nm. Noticeably, in any given species, the maximum absorbance of the rods is spectrally very similar the maximum absorbance of the middle-wavelength-sensitive cone pigments

A perspective on color vision in platyrrhine monkeys

AbstractStudies carried out over the past two decades show that many platyrrhine (New World) monkeys have polymorphic color vision. This condition results from the sorting of allelic versions of X-chromosome cone opsin genes at a single gene site, yielding a mixture of dichromatic and trichromatic phenotypes in the population. Two genera of platyrrhine monkey are known to deviate significantly from this pattern. Examination of color vision, photopigments, and photopigment genes of all of these monkeys have stimulated a renewed interest in understanding the evolution of primate color vision

Tetra­kis(triphenyl­arsine)copper(I) hexa­fluoridophosphate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C18H15As)4]PF6, the Cu atom is coordinated by four As atoms of triphenyl­arsine ligands in a tetra­hedral geometry. The complex cation is located on a crystallographic threefold axis. Both PF6 − anions are located on special positions of site symmetry . The Cu—As bond of the independent arsine ligand is shorter than the Cu—As bonds of the three symmetry-related arsine ligands

Bis(2-acetylpyridine-κ2 N,O)silver(I) tetra­fluoridoborate: a complex with silver in a seesaw coordination geometry

The reaction of 2-acetylpyridine with silver(I) tetra­fluorido­borate leads to the discrete title complex, [Ag(C7H7NO)2]BF4, in the cation of which the Ag atom is coordinated by two 2-acetylpyridine ligands, each of which is N,O-bidentate, albeit with stronger bonding to the N atoms [Ag—N = 2.2018 (15) and 2.2088 (14) Å; Ag—O = 2.5380 (13) and 2.5454 (13) Å]. The four-coordinate Ag atom has a seesaw coordination geometry with a τ4 index of 0.51. The tetra­fluoridoborate anion is disordered over two orientations with 0.568 (10):0.432 (10) occupancies

Developmental dynamics of cone photoreceptors in the eel

Background: Many fish alter their expressed visual pigments during development. The number of retinal opsins expressed and their type is normally related to the environment in which they live. Eels are known to change the expression of their rod opsins as they mature, but might they also change the expression of their cone opsins?Results: The Rh2 and Sws2 opsin sequences from the European Eel were isolated, sequenced and expressed in vitro for an accurate measurement of their lambda(max) values. In situ hybridisation revealed that glass eels express only rh2 opsin in their cone photoreceptors, while larger yellow eels continue to express rh2 opsin in the majority of their cones, but also have <5% of cones which express sws2 opsin. Silver eels showed the same expression pattern as the larger yellow eels. This observation was confirmed by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction).Conclusions: Larger yellow and silver European eels express two different cone opsins, rh2 and sws2. This work demonstrates that only the Rh2 cone opsin is present in younger fish (smaller yellow and glass), the sws2 opsin being expressed additionally only by older fish and only in <5% of cone cells