288 research outputs found
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Dogs Seroreactive to Ehrlichiosis Treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Background: Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease highly prevalent in Brazil, and is relevant in canine clinical practice due to its high morbidity and mortality. Its clinical signs are nonspecific and its phases are acute, lasting 2 to 4 weeks; subclinical, i.e., asymptomatic; and chronic, resembling an autoimmune disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the occurrence of reactivity to Ehrlichia canis of bitches treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Niterói, RJ, Brazil, based on serological examination by iELISA, and to compare the hematological, biochemical, urinary protein-creatinine and urinary density profiles of reactive and non-reactive animals. Materials, Methods & Results: This study involved solely bitches, regardless of breed, starting at 1 year of age. One hundred and thirty bitches, 1 to 16 year-old (mean age 7.02 ± 4.00), weighing 1.5 to 50 kg (mean weight 12.12 ± 10.65) were subjected to clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound. Complete blood count, biochemical measurements, urinalysis and serology for E. canis were also performed. The serum was used in the iELISA to identify immunoglobulin G (IgG), using a canine Ehrlichia Imunotest® diagnostic kit (Imunodot®, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Sixty animals (46.20%) were reactive to E. canis. According to their owners, only 5 (8.3%) of the 60 seroreactive animals had a history of tick-borne disease. The most common profile was that of mixed breed animals living with their owners, older than 7 years, who had not been treated preventatively with specific drugs against ectoparasites. Laboratory tests showed significant differences between groups in terms of total protein (TP), and calcium and urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPC). TP and UPC were elevated in the non-reactive group, while the only significant change in the reactive group was mild hypocalcemia. In this study, 30% (18/60) of the bitches were seroreactive to E. canis and had hypocalcemia. Of these, 50% (9/18) had a UPC above 0.5. Furthermore, 66.7% (12/18) of this group with hypocalcemia also showed urine density (UD) of less than 1024. Among these 18 bitches, 5 had both alterations, i.e., UPC > 0.5 and UD < 1024.Discussion: In this study, a high prevalence of bitches seroreactive to Ehrlichia canis was observed, despite the absence of clinical and/or laboratory signs indicative of the disease. In the investigation of IgG class antibodies, it is not possible to determine the exact time of infection, and titers may remain high for a period of more than 11 months, even after treatment and elimination of the bacterium. The fact that most seroreactive bitches showed no symptoms compatible with the disease either before or during the study suggests that they were in the subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis. The main reason for calcium metabolism disorders is a phosphorus imbalance, a condition that occurs in kidney diseases. Isosthenuria reflects the kidney’s inability to concentrate urine. This finding may be one of the first clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in dogs. On the other hand, the UPC ratio may increase with the progression of CKD. The presence of hypocalcemia, isosthenuria and increased UPC associated with seroreactivity suggests that infection by E. canis may be associated with the onset of CKD. Veterinarians should keep in mind the complexity of the pathophysiology of ehrlichiosis to ensure the disease is not underdiagnosed in any of its phases, thereby ensuring the correct treatment is provided. Such awareness is expected to reduce the chronicity of the disease and underlying sequelae among dogs.Keywords: Ehrlichia canis, serology, tick, clinic, renal.Descritores: Ehrlichia canis, sorologia, carrapato, clínica, renal.Título: Perfil clínico e laboratorial de cadelas sororeativas para erliquiose tratadas em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário em Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Análise cienciométrica da pesquisa sobre tracoma no Brasil, 2000–2020
OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil cienciométrico das pesquisas sobre tracoma no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa bibliográfica de publicações sobre tracoma no Brasil indexadas pela base de dados da Scopus, a partir de critérios específicos no período de 2000 a 2020. Foram extraídos e analisados dados sobre autoria, país de origem, instituições e descritores, com análises de tendências temporais. As redes bibliográficas foram construídas via software de visualização cienciométrica VOSviewer® 1.6.16. RESULTADOS: Do total de 42 publicações analisadas sobre tracoma no Brasil, observou-se média anual de dois artigos, com incremento de aproximadamente 50% no período. Verificou-se média de três autores por documento e os inquéritos escolares foram a categoria de assunto mais comum. Os artigos publicados provêm majoritariamente de instituições brasileiras (95,2%), principalmente das sediadas nas regiões Sudeste e Norte. Dez autores mais produtivos estão mencionados nas primeiras autorias em 26,2% (11/42) e as instituições predominantes estão afiliadas ao estado de São Paulo. O termo Trachoma (n = 18) apresenta maior recorrência como descritor. CONCLUSÃO: Esta primeira análise cienciométrica sobre tracoma no Brasil evidencia limitado número de pesquisas sobre essa doença. Há discreto incremento da produção científica, apesar da concentração da origem em áreas geográficas com menor endemicidade da doença. Maiores investimentos são necessários para o melhor entendimento e controle dessa doença tropical negligenciada. A análise da produção bibliográfica tem papel relevante para fortalecimento do desenvolvimento de pesquisas e planejamento estratégico de programas para o controle de tracoma e doenças tropicais negligenciadas em geral.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientometric profile of research on trachoma in Brazil. METHODS: Bibliographic research of publications on trachoma in Brazil indexed by the Scopus database from 2000 to 2020, based on specific criteria. Data on authorship, country of origin, institutions, and keywords were collected and analyzed with analysis of time trends. Bibliographic networks were constructed via a scientometric visualization software— VOSviewer® 1.6.16. RESULTS: We analyzed 42 publications on trachoma in Brazil. The annual average was two articles, with an increase of about 50% during the period. The average number of authors was three per document and school surveys were the most common subject category. Most published articles came from Brazilian institutions (95.2%), mainly those based in Southeast and North Brazil. Of the most productive authors, 10 were mentioned as first author in 26.2% of publications (11/42) and the predominant institutions are based in the state of São Paulo. The term “trachoma” (n = 18) was the most recurrent keyword. CONCLUSION: This first scientometric analysis of research on trachoma in Brazil showed a limited number of studies on this disease. The scientific production slightly increased, although the origin of many studies is geographical areas with lower endemicity of this disease. Greater investments are needed for a better understanding and control of this neglected tropical disease. The analysis of bibliographic production on this topic is important to strengthen the development of research and strategic planning of programs for the control of trachoma and neglected tropical diseases in general
DEVELOPMENT OF NANOEMULSION CONTAINING PELARGONIUM GRAVEOLENS OIL: CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY
Objective: To develop, characterize and evaluate the stability of nanoemulsions containing geranium oil (NEG) at different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C and 45 °C) for 90 d.Methods: The quantification of oil in the nanostructure was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The NEG was prepared in Ultra-Turrex and characterized by determining the particle size, polydispersity indices and pH. The thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the thermal stability of the compounds, the thermal events and morphological analyses of NEG, respectively.Results: The results allow us to suggest that the use the ultra-turrax method is a strategy good to NEG preparation. The stability of the NEG was strongly influenced by storage temperature, with droplet size increasing rapidly at higher temperatures (45 °C), which was attributed to coalescence near the phase inversion temperature. The NEG submitted the low temperatures (4±2 °C) remained with the same particle size value (164 nm). However, the citronellol and geraniol showed a significant reduction throughout the test even in these conditions of temperature. Thermogram of NEG shows the crystallization peak at the cooling cycle in-20.1 °C and a melting was observed at 1.5 °C. TEM images indicated that NEG was spherical and nanometric.Conclusion: The proposed Ultra-Turrax method is simple which prevents volatilization of GO for the production of NEG. The formulations presented good physicochemical characteristics and stability for 90 d was only achieved in 4 °C
O papel do enfermeiro na prevenção do desmame precoce do aleitamento materno: uma revisão / He role of the nurses in the prevention of early weeaning of breastfeeding:a review
Objetivo: Pontuar as intervenções e dificuldades dos profissionais da enfermagem na prevenção de casos de desmame precoce. Método:Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, de natureza qualitativa, descritiva. As buscas dos estudos ocorreram na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, LILACS e SciELO, através da busca dos seguintes descritores: “Desmame Precoce” e “Enfermagem” e suas respectivas traduções para o inglês e espanhol, com a utilização dos operadores booleanos AND e OR.Como critérios de inclusão foram definidos: Estudos com recorte temporal compreendidos no período de 2016 a 2021 e artigos na íntegra, em português, inglês e espanhol, que tratem sobre a temática em questão. Os critérios de exclusão foram os seguintes: Artigos publicados fora do período estipulado pelos pesquisadores; Anais de eventos científicos, relatos de experiência, dissertações e teses; Artigos em idiomas diferentes dos elencados nos critérios de inclusão; Artigos que só disponibilizem o resumo.Após a análise, dez artigos foram selecionados para o estudo. Resultados e discussão:os principaispontos encontrados nos estudos relacionam o enfermeiro e o conhecimento por parte das nutrizes sobre a amamenração, a influência da periodocaidade às consultas de pré-natal, crenças da comunidade, apoio familiar em relação à amamentação, além do vínculo entre mãe e bebê, que fortalecem esta prática. Conclusão: Ademais, pode-se pontuar mais enfaticamente, que entre tantas outras coisas, uma das maiores dificuldades encontradas pelos profissionais está em intervir e orientar em tempo hábil, assim como desconstruir mitos e preconceitos arraigados na sociedade, problema que perdura há décadas, sobre a amamentação exclusiva.Portanto, e a partir disso, que se conclui que ofatorchave para a prevenção do desmame precoce pode e deve ser desempenhado pelo profissional da enfermagem, através da Educação em Saúde.
TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES E SUAS MANIFESTAÇÕES ORAIS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA.
This article consists of an integrative literature review that aimed to analyze and describe the oral alterations found in people with eating disorders. A literature review was conducted through articles published from 2010 to 2020 in the databases of Google Scholar, Online Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (Bireme) and Medline. The following descriptors were used: eating disorders, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and oral manifestations. It is concluded that poor nutrition and behaviors associated with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa can cause various oral changes and impacts on the body as a whole.Dentists play a crucial role in the early detection, prevention, and promotion of oral health in patients with eating disorders.O presente artigo consiste numa revisão de literatura integrativa onde objetivou analisar e descrever as alterações bucais achadas em pessoas com transtornos alimentares. Realizada revisão bibliográfica por meio de artigos publicados no período de 2010 a 2020 nas bases de dados do Google Acadêmico, Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO), Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (Bireme) e Medline. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: transtornos alimentares, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa e manifestações orais. Conclui-se que a má nutrição e os comportamentos associados à Anorexia Nervosa e Bulimia Nervosa podem causar várias alterações bucais e impactos no corpo como um todo. Os cirurgiões-dentistas têm um papel crucial na detecção precoce, prevenção e promoção da saúde bucal em pacientes com transtornos alimentares
Análise técnica e contextualização da prática esportiva dos atletas participantes nos IV jogos Pan-Americanos IBSA 2005
A IV edição dos Jogos Pan-americanos IBSA 2005 realizada na cidade de São Paulo foi analisada nesse estudo com o objetivo de entender o esporte praticado na América por pessoas com deficiência visual. O método de pesquisa foi a análise documental dos boletins e relatórios técnicos do evento. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que dos 206 atletas vindos de 10 países diferentes, a classe visual com maior concentração de atletas foi B1; o atletismo teve a maior parcela de participantes entre as modalidades; as atletas do gênero feminino participaram em número 3 vezes menor que o masculino e os países a frente do quadro de medalhas foram os com maior número de atletas. A análise desses resultados aponta a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estratégias diferenciadas para a massificação junto as diferentes classes e gêneros, apontando a necessidade de novas pesquisas para que o perfil da prática esportiva por pessoas com deficiência visual seja conhecido
Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial
Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02772185—May 5, 2016
Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan
This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good
Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation
One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced.
Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI
Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension
and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions
available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression
to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity
in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia
by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids
to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh
the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance.
This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia
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