151 research outputs found
Guest editorial: Special issue on selected papers from IEEE BioCAS 2018
The papers in this special section were presented at the 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS 2018) that was held in in Cleveland, OH, from October 17â19, 2018
SiMWiSense: Simultaneous Multi-Subject Activity Classification Through Wi-Fi Signals
Recent advances in Wi-Fi sensing have ushered in a plethora of pervasive
applications in home surveillance, remote healthcare, road safety, and home
entertainment, among others. Most of the existing works are limited to the
activity classification of a single human subject at a given time. Conversely,
a more realistic scenario is to achieve simultaneous, multi-subject activity
classification. The first key challenge in that context is that the number of
classes grows exponentially with the number of subjects and activities.
Moreover, it is known that Wi-Fi sensing systems struggle to adapt to new
environments and subjects. To address both issues, we propose SiMWiSense, the
first framework for simultaneous multi-subject activity classification based on
Wi-Fi that generalizes to multiple environments and subjects. We address the
scalability issue by using the Channel State Information (CSI) computed from
the device positioned closest to the subject. We experimentally prove this
intuition by confirming that the best accuracy is experienced when the CSI
computed by the transceiver positioned closest to the subject is used for
classification. To address the generalization issue, we develop a brand-new
few-shot learning algorithm named Feature Reusable Embedding Learning (FREL).
Through an extensive data collection campaign in 3 different environments and 3
subjects performing 20 different activities simultaneously, we demonstrate that
SiMWiSense achieves classification accuracy of up to 97%, while FREL improves
the accuracy by 85% in comparison to a traditional Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and up to 20% when compared to the state-of-the-art few-shot embedding
learning (FSEL), by using only 15 seconds of additional data for each class.
For reproducibility purposes, we share our 1TB dataset and code repository.Comment: This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE WoWMoM 202
LightSleepNet: Design of a Personalized Portable Sleep Staging System Based on Single-Channel EEG
This paper proposed LightSleepNet - a light-weight, 1-d Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN) based personalized architecture for real-time sleep staging,
which can be implemented on various mobile platforms with limited hardware
resources. The proposed architecture only requires an input of 30s
single-channel EEG signal for the classification. Two residual blocks
consisting of group 1-d convolution are used instead of the traditional
convolution layers to remove the redundancy in the CNN. Channel shuffles are
inserted into each convolution layer to improve the accuracy. In order to avoid
over-fitting to the training set, a Global Average Pooling (GAP) layer is used
to replace the fully connected layer, which further reduces the total number of
the model parameters significantly. A personalized algorithm combining Adaptive
Batch Normalization (AdaBN) and gradient re-weighting is proposed for
unsupervised domain adaptation. A higher priority is given to examples that are
easy to transfer to the new subject, and the algorithm could be personalized
for new subjects without re-training. Experimental results show a
state-of-the-art overall accuracy of 83.8% with only 45.76 Million
Floating-point Operations per Second (MFLOPs) computation and 43.08 K
parameters.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, published by IEEE TCAS-I
Preparation and Characteraction of New Magnetic CoâAl HTLc/Fe3O4Solid Base
Novel magnetic hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLcs) were synthesized through introducing magnetic substrates (Fe3O4) into the CoâAl HTLcs materials by hydrothermal method. The magnetic CoâAl HTLcs with different Fe3O4contents were characterized in detail by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, DSC, and VSM techniques. It has been found that the magnetic substrates were incorporated with HTLcs successfully, although the addition of Fe3O4might hinder the growth rate of the crystal nucleus. The morphology of the samples showed the relatively uniform hexagonal platelet-like sheets. The grain boundaries were well defined with narrow size distribution. Moreover, the CoâAl HTLcs doped with magnetic substrates presented the paramagnetic property
Stitching the Spectrum: Semantic Spectrum Segmentation with Wideband Signal Stitching
Spectrum has become an extremely scarce and congested resource. As a
consequence, spectrum sensing enables the coexistence of different wireless
technologies in shared spectrum bands. Most existing work requires spectrograms
to classify signals. Ultimately, this implies that images need to be
continuously created from I/Q samples, thus creating unacceptable latency for
real-time operations. In addition, spectrogram-based approaches do not achieve
sufficient granularity level as they are based on object detection performed on
pixels and are based on rectangular bounding boxes. For this reason, we propose
a completely novel approach based on semantic spectrum segmentation, where
multiple signals are simultaneously classified and localized in both time and
frequency at the I/Q level. Conversely from the state-of-the-art computer
vision algorithm, we add non-local blocks to combine the spatial features of
signals, and thus achieve better performance. In addition, we propose a novel
data generation approach where a limited set of easy-to-collect real-world
wireless signals are ``stitched together'' to generate large-scale, wideband,
and diverse datasets. Experimental results obtained on multiple testbeds
(including the Arena testbed) using multiple antennas, multiple sampling
frequencies, and multiple radios over the course of 3 days show that our
approach classifies and localizes signals with a mean intersection over union
(IOU) of 96.70% across 5 wireless protocols while performing in real-time with
a latency of 2.6 ms. Moreover, we demonstrate that our approach based on
non-local blocks achieves 7% more accuracy when segmenting the most challenging
signals with respect to the state-of-the-art U-Net algorithm. We will release
our 17 GB dataset and code
Green innovation efficiency measurement of manufacturing industry in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China based on Super-EBM model and Malmquist-Luenberger index
Promoting sustainable development in manufacturing is a paramount goal, with a focus on advancing green innovation. This study constructs a system for evaluating green innovation efficiency and employs the Super-EBM model, incorporating unexpected output, to assess the efficiency of green innovation in 13 cities across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2011 to 2020. The study further conducts dynamic analysis using the Malmquist-Luenberger index. Results reveal that, statically, the overall green innovation efficiency in the manufacturing industry of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is inefficient. There exists a considerable gap in green innovation efficiency among Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, with Beijing and Tianjin demonstrating superior performance compared to Hebei. Substantial variations exist in the green innovation efficiency of manufacturing across different cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Only Beijing, Qinhuangdao, and Baoding achieve DEA-effective green innovation efficiency in the manufacturing industry, while the other cities do not. Dynamically, the green innovation efficiency of the manufacturing industry in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is on the rise. There is a varying degree of improvement in green innovation efficiency in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, with Hebei showing the highest improvement, Tianjin ranking second, and Beijing having the least improvement. With the exception of Langfang and Hengshui, the green innovation efficiency in the manufacturing industry is improving in most cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with Hebei witnessing the most significant improvement. This study aims to integrate âenvironmental pollutionâ into the evaluation index system for green innovation efficiency. It assesses green innovation efficiency in the manufacturing industry of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, considering both static and dynamic perspectives. This clarification offers insights into the level of green innovation, contributing valuable information for the advancement of high-quality development in the regional manufacturing industry
A New Approach for the Preparation of Variable Valence Rare Earth Alloys from Nano Rare Earth Oxides at a Low Temperature in Molten Salt
The solubility of RE2O3 (RE = Eu, Sm, and Yb) with variable valence in molten salts is extremely low. It is impossible to directly obtain variable valence metals or alloys from RE2O3 using electrolysis in molten salts. We describe a new approach for the preparation of variable valence rare earth alloys from nano rare earth oxide. The excellent dispersion of nanoâEu2O3 in LiClâKCl melts was clearly observed using a luminescent feature of Eu3+ as a probe. The ratio of solubility of nano-Sm2O3/common Sm2O3 is 16.98. Electrochemical behavior of RE2O3 on a molybdenum and Al electrode in LiClâKCl melts containing AlCl3 at 480 °C was investigated by different electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. Prior to the reduction peak of Al, the reduction peaks of Sm(III)/Sm(II), Yb(III)/Yb(II), and Eu(III)/Eu(II) were observed at about â0.85, â0.45, and 0.39 V insquare wave voltammetry, respectively. The underpotential deposition of RE on pre-deposited aluminum leads to the formation of AlâRE alloy. The structure, morphology, and energy dispersion analysis of the deposit obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis are analyzed. Al2Sm and Al3Sm alloys were successfully obtained from nanoâSm2O3
Kernel Flow:a high channel count scalable time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy system
Significance: Time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) has been considered as the gold standard of noninvasive optical brain imaging devices. However, due to the high cost, complexity, and large form factor, it has not been as widely adopted as continuous wave NIRS systems. Aim: Kernel Flow is a TD-fNIRS system that has been designed to break through these limitations by maintaining the performance of a research grade TD-fNIRS system while integrating all of the components into a small modular device. Approach: The Kernel Flow modules are built around miniaturized laser drivers, custom integrated circuits, and specialized detectors. The modules can be assembled into a system with dense channel coverage over the entire head. Results: We show performance similar to benchtop systems with our miniaturized device as characterized by standardized tissue and optical phantom protocols for TD-fNIRS and human neuroscience results. Conclusions: The miniaturized design of the Kernel Flow system allows for broader applications of TD-fNIRS.</p
Micro-combs: a novel generation of optical sources
The quest towards the integration of ultra-fast, high-precision optical clocks is reflected in the large number of high-impact papers on the topic published in the last few years. This interest has been catalysed by the impact that high-precision optical frequency combs (OFCs) have had on metrology and spectroscopy in the last decade [1â5]. OFCs are often referred to as optical rulers: their spectra consist of a precise sequence of discrete and equally-spaced spectral lines that represent precise marks in frequency. Their importance was recognised worldwide with the 2005 Nobel Prize being awarded to T.W. HĂ€nsch and J. Hall for their breakthrough in OFC science [5]. They demonstrated that a coherent OFC source with a large spectrum â covering at least one octave â can be stabilised with a self-referenced approach, where the frequency and the phase do not vary and are completely determined by the source physical parameters. These fully stabilised OFCs solved the challenge of directly measuring optical frequencies and are now exploited as the most accurate time references available, ready to replace the current standard for time. Very recent advancements in the fabrication technology of optical micro-cavities [6] are contributing to the development of OFC sources. These efforts may open up the way to realise ultra-fast and stable optical clocks and pulsed sources with extremely high repetition-rates, in the form of compact and integrated devices. Indeed, the fabrication of high-quality factor (high-Q) micro-resonators, capable of dramatically amplifying the optical field, can be considered a photonics breakthrough that has boosted not only the scientific investigation of OFC sources [7â13] but also of optical sensors and compact light modulators [6,14]
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