Nanoparticules lipidiques pH-sensibles basées sur une bascule moléculaire pour la délivrance intracytoplasmique de siRNA

La délivrance intracytoplasmique de petites molécules hydrophiles et de gènes (ADN, ARN) est un défi majeur pour l’industrie pharmaceutique, puisque ces composés sont incapables de franchir les membranes biologiques par eux-mêmes. L’utilisation de nanovecteurs lipidiques permet de surmonter les étapes d’instabilité sanguine du gène thérapeutique, de pénétration cellulaire et d’échappement endosomal. Nous reportons dans cette thèse l’élaboration de nouveaux vecteurs lipidiques pH-sensibles, basés sur une bascule moléculaire capable de changer de conformation et déstabiliser le nanovecteur après protonation à pH acide, favorisant ainsi l’échappement endosomal du fragile contenu thérapeutique. Ce mécanisme de pH-sensibilité est non reporté dans la littérature jusqu’alors. Dans un premier temps, l’élaboration de lipides bascules pH-sensibles non-cationiques destinés à la délivrance liposomale de principes actifs hydrophiles est reportée. Ce premier travail introduit les lipides bascules, valide l’implication de la bascule moléculaire pH-sensible et apporte une première preuve de concept in vitro de faisabilité. Dans un second temps est introduit l’utilisation de nouveaux lipides bascules cationiques pH-sensibles pour la thérapie génique (délivrance in vitro et in vivo de siRNA), validant encore une fois l’implication de la bascule moléculaire dans l’efficacité de délivrance intracytoplasmique des siRNA. A l’issue de cette thèse sont identifiés deux lipides bascules (2 et CSL3) capables d’être introduits dans des nanoparticules lipidiques pour la délivrance de drogues et de gènes respectivement. De telles formulations permettraient la délivrance intracytoplasmique de composés hydrophiles thérapeutiques (drogues, gènes) pour le traitement du cancer ou pour des applications d’édition génomique.Intracytoplasmic delivery of small hydrophilic molecules and genes (DNA, RNA) is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry, since these compounds are unable to cross biological membranes by themselves. Use of lipid nanocarriers enables overcoming the stages of blood instability of the therapeutic gene, cellular penetration, and endosomal escape. In this thesis, we report the development of new pH-sensitive lipid carriers, based on a molecular switch capable of changing its conformation upon protonation and destabilizing the nanocarrier, thus favoring endosomal escape of the therapeutic content. This pH-sensitivity mechanism has not been reported in the literature to date. Firstly, we report the elaboration of non-cationic pH-sensitive switchable lipids for liposomal delivery of hydrophilic active ingredients. This initial work introduces switchable lipids, validates the involvement of the pH-sensitive molecular switch, and provides early evidence of in vitro concept feasibility. Secondly, we present the use of pH-sensitive cationic switchable lipids for gene therapy (siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo), again validating the involvement of the molecular switch in the effectiveness of intracytoplasmic delivery of siRNA. The two lead compounds identified during this thesis (2 and CSL3) can be included into lipid nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery, respectively. Such formulations allow intracytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic hydrophilic compounds (drugs, genes) and could be used to treat diseases such as cancer or for genome editing applications

Thermoresponsive Polysarcosine-Based Nanoparticles

Polysarcosine holds great promise as an alternative to poly(ethylene glycol) for use within both biomedical and non-biomedical applications owing to its hydrophilicity and non-cytoxicity, amongst other features. The grafting of a limited quantity of (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) to polysarcosine, for instance 3.5% of the total copolymer in terms of the number of repeat units, has a profound effect on the properties of the copolymer formed; polymer self-assembly to yield thermoreponsive nanoparticles can now be realised. Such nanoparticles are non-cytotoxic against a range of human breast cancer cell lines, able to withhold the therapeutic compound doxorubicin, and allow pronounced doxorubicin release in response to subtle thermal stimulation. This research informs of how the straightforward modification of polysarcosine with a nominal molar amount of poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) can yield stimuli-responsive polymers that are suitable for use within controlled release applications

Payload diversification: a key step in the development of antibody–drug conjugates

Abstract Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) is a fast moving class of targeted biotherapeutics that currently combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of a payload consisting of cytotoxic agents. For many years microtubule targeting and DNA-intercalating agents were at the forefront of ADC development. The recent approval and clinical success of trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu®) and sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy®), two topoisomerase 1 inhibitor-based ADCs, has shown the potential of conjugating unconventional payloads with differentiated mechanisms of action. Among future developments in the ADC field, payload diversification is expected to play a key role as illustrated by a growing number of preclinical and clinical stage unconventional payload-conjugated ADCs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of validated, forgotten and newly developed payloads with different mechanisms of action

Monodisperse Polysarcosine-based Highly-loaded Antibody-Drug Conjugates

We report the synthesis of monodisperse (i.e. discrete) polysarcosine compounds and their use as a hydrophobicity masking entity for the construction of highly-loaded homogeneous β- glucuronidase-responsive antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The highly hydrophilic drug-linker platform described herein improves drug-loading, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor efficacy of the resulting conjugates. </div

Monodisperse polysarcosine-based highly-loaded antibody-drug conjugates

International audienc

Exatecan Antibody Drug Conjugates Based on a Hydrophilic Polysarcosine Drug-Linker Platform

International audienceWe herein report the development and evaluation of a novel HER2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) based on the topoisomerase I inhibitor payload exatecan, using our hydrophilic monodisperse polysarcosine (PSAR) drug-linker platform (PSARlink). In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted in breast and gastric cancer models to characterize this original ADC and gain insight about the drug-linker structure–activity relationship. The inclusion of the PSAR hydrophobicity masking entity efficiently reduced the overall hydrophobicity of the conjugate and yielded an ADC sharing the same pharmacokinetic profile as the unconjugated antibody despite the high drug-load of the camptothecin-derived payload (drug–antibody ratio of 8). Tra-Exa-PSAR10 demonstrated strong anti-tumor activity at 1 mg/kg in an NCI-N87 xenograft model, outperforming the FDA-approved ADC DS-8201a (Enhertu), while being well tolerated in mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg. In vitro experiments showed that this exatecan-based ADC demonstrated higher bystander killing effect than DS-8201a and overcame resistance to T-DM1 (Kadcyla) in preclinical HER2+ breast and esophageal models, suggesting potential activity in heterogeneous and resistant tumors. In summary, the polysarcosine-based hydrophobicity masking approach allowsfor the generation of highly conjugated exatecan-based ADCs having excellent physicochemical properties, an improved pharmacokinetic profile, and potent in vivo anti-tumor activity

Liposomes as Gene Delivery Vectors for Human Placental Cells

Nanomedicine as a therapeutic approach for pregnancy-related diseases could offer improved treatments for the mother while avoiding side effects for the fetus. In this study, we evaluated the potential of liposomes as carriers for small interfering RNAs to placental cells. Three neutral formulations carrying rhodamine-labelled siRNAs were evaluated on an in vitro model, i.e., human primary villous cytotrophoblasts. siRNA internalization rate from lipoplexes were compared to the one in the presence of the lipofectamine reagent and assessed by confocal microscopy. Results showed cellular internalization of nucleic acid with all three formulations, based on two cationic lipids, either DMAPAP or CSL-3. Moreover, incubation with DMAPAP+AA provided a rate of labelled cells as high as with lipofectamine (53 &plusmn; 15% and 44 &plusmn; 12%, respectively) while being more biocompatible. The proportion of cells which internalized siRNA were similar when using DMAPAP/DDSTU (16 &plusmn; 5%) and CSL-3 (22 &plusmn; 5%). This work highlights that liposomes could be a promising approach for gene therapy dedicated to pregnant patients