THSim v3.2: The Talking Heads simulation tool

The field of language evolution and computation may benefit from using efficient and robust simulation tools that are based on widely exploited principles within the field. The tool presented in this paper is one that could fulfil such needs. The paper presents an overview of the tool -- THSim v3.2 -- and discusses some research questions that can be investigated with it

Investigation of the microstructure and properties of TRIP 800 steel subjected to low-cycle fatigue

The present work describes in detail the heterogeneousmicrostructure evolution of a high-strength steel (TRIP 800 steel) at the low-cycle fatigue conditions. Based on the extended investigations (via the optical and electron microscopy, the electron backscattering diffraction), we propose suggestions on the influence of phase composition on the mechanical properties and the crack-initiation processes. The preferential places of the crack nucleation caused by fatigue are detected, and the completeness of phase transformation via the induced plasticity is evaluated.Дана робота детально описує гетерогенну еволюцію мікроструктури високоміцної криці (TRIP 800) за умов малоциклової втоми. На підставі розширених досліджень (оптичною й електронною мікроскопією, дифракцією зворотнього розсіяння електронів) запропоновано рекомендації щодо впливу фазового складу на механічні властивості та процеси зародження тріщин. Виявлено осередки переважного зародження тріщини, спричинені втомою, й оцінено повноту фазового перетворення за рахунок індукованої пластичності.Данная работа подробно описывает гетерогенную эволюцию микроструктуры высокопрочной стали (TRIP 800) в условиях малоцикловой усталости. На основании расширенных исследований (оптической и электронной микроскопией, дифракцией обратного рассеяния электронов) предложены рекомендации относительно влияния фазового состава на механические свойства и процессы зарождения трещин. Обнаружены очаги предпочтительного зарождения трещины, что вызвано усталостью, и оценена полнота фазового превращения за счёт индуцированной пластичности

Machine learning algorithms evaluate immune response to novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens for diagnosis of tuberculosis

RationaleTuberculosis diagnosis in children remains challenging. Microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis disease is often lacking, and standard immunodiagnostic including the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay for tuberculosis infection has limited sensitivity. Recent research suggests that inclusion of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens has the potential to improve standard immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis.ObjectiveTo identify optimal antigen-cytokine combinations using novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and cytokine read-outs by machine learning algorithms to improve immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis.MethodsA total of 80 children undergoing investigation of tuberculosis were included (15 confirmed tuberculosis disease, five unconfirmed tuberculosis disease, 28 tuberculosis infection and 32 unlikely tuberculosis). Whole blood was stimulated with 10 novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and a fusion protein of early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP) 10. Cytokines were measured using xMAP multiplex assays. Machine learning algorithms defined a discriminative classifier with performance measured using area under the receiver operating characteristics.Measurements and main resultsWe found the following four antigen-cytokine pairs had a higher weight in the discriminative classifier compared to the standard ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced interferon-gamma: Rv2346/47c- and Rv3614/15c-induced interferon-gamma inducible protein-10; Rv2031c-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha. A combination of the 10 best antigen-cytokine pairs resulted in area under the curve of 0.92 +/- 0.04.ConclusionWe exploited the use of machine learning algorithms as a key tool to evaluate large immunological datasets. This identified several antigen-cytokine pairs with the potential to improve immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis in children.Immunogenetics and cellular immunology of bacterial infectious disease

Two lectures on color superconductivity

The first lecture provides an introduction to the physics of color superconductivity in cold dense quark matter. The main color superconducting phases are briefly described and their properties are listed. The second lecture covers recent developments in studies of color superconducting phases in neutral and beta-equilibrated matter. The properties of gapless color superconducting phases are discussed.Comment: 56 pages, 9 figures. Minor corrections and references added. Lectures delivered at the IARD 2004 conference, Saas Fee, Switzerland, June 12 - 19, 2004, and at the Helmholtz International Summer School and Workshop on Hot points in Astrophysics and Cosmology, JINR, Dubna, Russia, August 2 - 13, 200

Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair

Outcomes of parathyroidectomy versus calcimimetics for secondary hyperparathyroidism and kidney transplantation: a propensity-matched analysis (vol 405, pg 851, 2020)

An Erratum to this paper has been published:Vascular Surger

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Reducing heterotic M-theory to five dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary

This paper constructs the reduction of heterotic $M$-theory in eleven dimensions to a supergravity model on a manifold with boundary in five dimensions using a Calabi-Yau three-fold. New results are presented for the boundary terms in the action and for the boundary conditions on the bulk fields. Some general features of dualisation on a manifold with boundary are used to explain the origin of some topological terms in the action. The effect of gaugino condensation on the fermion boundary conditions leads to a `twist' in the chirality of the gravitino which can provide an uplifting mechanism in the vacuum energy to cancel the cosmological constant after moduli stabilisation.Comment: 16 pages, RevTe