Calcium Prevents Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Calcium has been proposed as a mediator of the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the comprehensive mechanism underlying this preventive effect is not yet clear. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the possible roles and mechanisms of calcium-mediated prevention of CRC induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in mice.For gene expression analysis, 6 non-tumor colorectal tissues of mice from the DMH + Calcium group and 3 samples each from the DMH and control groups were hybridized on a 4×44 K Agilent whole genome oligo microarray, and selected genes were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Functional analysis of the microarray data was performed using KEGG and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. Hub genes were identified using Pathway Studio software.The tumor incidence rates in the DMH and DMH + Calcium groups were 90% and 40%, respectively. Microarray gene expression analysis showed that S100a9, Defa20, Mmp10, Mmp7, Ptgs2, and Ang2 were among the most downregulated genes, whereas Per3, Tef, Rnf152, and Prdx6 were significantly upregulated in the DMH + Calcium group compared with the DMH group. Functional analysis showed that the Wnt, cell cycle, and arachidonic acid pathways were significantly downregulated in the DMH + Calcium group, and that the GO terms related to cell differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, cell death, adhesion, and cell migration were significantly affected. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were considered as potent hub genes.In the DMH-induced CRC mouse model, comprehensive mechanisms were involved with complex gene expression alterations encompassing many altered pathways and GO terms. However, how calcium regulates these events remains to be studied

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Evolución edáfica sobre las arenas basales del Llano de Huelva

6 páginas, 2 tablas, 18 referencias. Trabajo presentado al II Congreso Nacional de la Ciencia del Suelo, celebrado en Sevilla del 26 al 30 de septiembre de 1988, organizado por la Sociedad Española de la Ciencia del Suelo y el IRNASE-CSIC.Otras comunicaciones presentadas por el IRNAS: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/37029 y http://hdl.handle.net/10261/37273.La zona de estudio se inscribe dentro de la comarca natural Llano de Huelva (SW España). Dicha comarca está constituída por arenas eólicas procedentes de la erosión del farallón costero (Clemente et al, 1984) durante la transgresión flandriense (Melieres, 1974; Baldy et al, 1977). Subyacente a estas arenas aparece una formación de edad pleistoceno inferior, denominada arenas basales (Zazo, 1980), que afloran hacia el norte del área consi derada. Las arenas basales son fundamentalmente cuarcíticas, de color abigarrado, más arcillosas hacia la base y cementadas hacia el techo por óxidos de hierro. El medio de deposición ha sido definido como holomarino (Leyva y Pastor , 1976), ligado a ambientes de estuario con facies de playa , eólicas y fluviales (Zazo, 1980). Esta formación ha sufrido a lo largo del Cuaternario profundos procesos de edafización, pudiéndose definir un hor1zonte de diagnóstico relicto denominado fragipán (Soil Taxonomy, 1975). Dicho fragipán supone una discontinuidad granulométrica respecto a las arenas eólicas suprayacentes y permite el establecimiento de un nivel freático estacional que influye decididamente en la evolución edáfica del área de estudio.Peer reviewe

Effect of ethanol consumption on colon cancer in an experimental model Efecto de la ingesta de etanol en un modelo experimental de cáncer de colon

Aims: the present study was designed to examine the effect of an ethanol supplement on experimental colon carcinogenesis. Material and methods: one hundred and ten 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: group A (20 rats) received no treatment. Group B (20 rats) received a supplement of ethanol at 1.23 g/kg of body weight per day added to their drinking water for 24 weeks. Group C (30 rats) received 18 weekly doses of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 21 mg/kg of body weight from the beginning of the study. Group D (20 rats) received ethylen-diamin-tetracetic acid (EDTA) solution only for 18 weeks. Group E (20 rats) received ethanol at the same dose as group B plus DMH injections at the same dose as the rats in group C from the beginning of the study. All experimental animals were sacrified after 25-27 weeks. Results: no significant differences in the number of rats that developed tumors, number of tumor-free animals, and number of tumors per rat, as well as in macro-microscopic tumoral findings were observed for animals in group C compared to animals in group E. Conclusions: we concluded that the addition of an ethanol supplement does not modify colorectal carcinogenesis using a dynamic model of tumor induction with DMH.Objetivos: el presente trabajo experimental fue diseñado para examinar el efecto de la adición de un suplemento de etanol oral en ratas, en la aparición y desarrollo de la carcinogénesis colónica. Material y métodos: se utilizaron un total de ciento diez ratas de la raza "Sprague-Dawley" de 10 semanas de vida, que se dividieron en 5 grupos: grupo A (20 ratas), sin tratamiento. Grupo B (20 ratas), con adición de etanol a la dosis de 1,23 g/kg peso al día, añadido al agua de bebida, durante 24 semanas. Grupo C (30 ratas), tratadas con 18 dosis semanales de dimetilhidracina (DMH) a la dosis de 21 mg/kg peso, cada una, desde la semana 10 de vida. Grupo D (20 ratas), tratadas únicamente con solución de ácido etilen-diamino-tetracético (EDTA), durante 18 semanas. Grupo E (20 ratas), tratadas con etanol a la misma dosis que las ratas del grupo B y las mismas inyecciones de DMH que las ratas del grupo C, administradas ambas de forma concomitante, desde la semana 10 de vida. Todas las ratas fueron sacrificadas entre las 25-27 semanas, del comienzo del estudio. Se estudió la incidencia de tumores colorrectales y su localización, así como los hallazgos anátomo-patológicos comparados entre grupos. Resultados: no se observaron diferencias significativas, ni en el número de ratas que desarrollaron tumores de colon, ni en el número de animales libres de tumor, ni en el número de tumores por rata, ni en los hallazgos macro-microscópicos de los tumores entre los animales del grupo C, con respecto a los del grupo E. Conclusiones: la adición de un suplemento de etanol a la dieta, en la dosis y tiempo establecidos, no modificó la producción de carcinogénesis colónica en ratas, usando un modelo dinámico de administración concomitante de inducción tumoral con DMH

Efecto del ácido ursodeoxicólico en un modelo experimental de cáncer de colon Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in an experimental colon cancer model

Objetivos: analizar si la administración oral del ácido ursodeoxicólico previene la aparición y desarrollo de carcinogénesis colónica en ratas. Material y métodos: ciento diez ratas de la raza "Sprague-Dawley" de 10 semanas de vida, de ambos sexos, fueron divididas en 5 grupos: a) 20 ratas control, sin tratamiento; b) 20 ratas, tratadas con ácido ursodeoxicólico (AUDC), a 4 mg/kg/día, junto con etanol, a 1,23 g/kg peso al día, añadidos al agua de bebida, desde el principio del estudio y durante 24 semanas; c) 30 ratas, 18 dosis semanales, de 21 mg/kg peso de dimetilhidracina (DMH) subcutánea, desde el principio del estudio, junto con las mismas dosis de etanol y AUDC, que en el grupo B; d) 20 ratas, 18 dosis semanales subcutáneas de ácido etilen-diamino-tetracético; y e) 20 ratas, tratadas con las mismas dosis de etanol y las mismas inyecciones de DMH, que el grupo C. El sacrificio de todos los animales, se llevó a cabo en las semanas 25-27. Resultados: no aparecieron tumores en ausencia de DMH. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el número de ratas que desarrollaron cáncer de colon, ni en el número de neoplasias por rata, ni en los hallazgos macro-microscópicos de los tumores, entre los animales del grupo C y del grupo E. Conclusiones: la administración de ácido ursodeoxicólico, en la dosis y tiempo utilizados no modificó la carcinogénesis colónica, usando un modelo dinámico de administración concomitante de inducción tumoral con DMH en ratas.<br>Aims: the present study was designed to examine the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid as chemoprotective agent in experimental colon carcinogenesis in rats. Material and methods: one hundred and ten 10-week-old, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: group A (20), no treatment. Group B (20), receiving daily both ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 4 mg/kg of body weight and ethanol 1.23 g/kg of body weight added to the drinking water from the beginning of the study through 24 weeks. Group C (30), receiving 18 weekly doses of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 21 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously from the beginning of the study, with the same doses of UDCA and ethanol as in group B. Group D (20), ethylen-diamin-tetracetic acid solution alone for 18 weeks. Group E (20), receiving the same doses of ethanol plus DMH injections as in group C. All experimental animals were sacrificed after 25-27 weeks. Results: no tumors developed in dimethylhydrazine-free groups. No significant differences in number of tumor-free animals, number of tumors per rat, and macro-microscopic tumor findings were seen between animals in group C and animals in group E. Conclusions: we concluded that such an ursodeoxycholic acid supplementation did not modify colorectal carcinogenesis using a dynamic DMH-induced model in rats