Adecuación tecnológica de la máquina de inyección de plástico del laboratorio de mecánica, de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

Este proyecto muestra la adecuación tecnológica de la máquina de inyección de plástico del laboratorio de mecánica de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Como parte inicial del trabajo realizado se muestran los diferentes diseños de hardware electrónico de tal manera que la adecuación realizada trabaje en conjunto y de manera paralela a los dispositivos eléctricos ya instalados. Dentro de los dispositivos instalados se cuenta con software de Supervisión, Control y Adquisición de Datos (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) SCADA el cual interactúa con la máquina a través de una comunicación serial con un controlador lógico programable S7-200 Siemens este dispositivo es el intermediario entre el SCADA y las diferentes variables del proceso de modelado de plástico. El sistema SCADA Registra las temperaturas del tubo de plastificación, permite ajustar el Set Point de temperatura requeridos, tiempos asociados al proceso de plastificación, además permite seleccionar el modo de operación de la máquina entre manual y automático, también se puede ajustar el número de ciclos en el modo de operación automática.This project shows the technological adequacy of plastic injection machine, of the mechanics laboratory in the Technological University of Pereira. As initial part of this work, shows the different designs of electronic hardware so that the adequacy carried out work as a whole and in parallel with the electric and electronic devices already installed. inside the new installed devices, is provided with a control software and supervision called SCADA, which interacts with the machine through a direct communication with a programmable logical controller S7200; this device is the intermediary between the SCADA and the different variables associated with the process of molded of plastic pieces. The SCADA system recorded the temperatures of the plasticizing tube; allows you to adjust the temperature set points required; times associated with the process of plasticizing; also allows you to select the command of operation of the machine between manual and automatic, as final quality you can adjust the number of repetitions cyclical in the automatic operating mode

Seasonal weather and climate prediction over area burned in grasslands of northeast China

© 2020, The Author(s). Grassland fire dynamics are subject to myriad climatic, biological, and anthropogenic drivers, thresholds, and feedbacks and therefore do not conform to assumptions of statistical stationarity. The presence of non-stationarity in time series data leads to ambiguous results that can misinform regional-level fire management strategies. This study employs non-stationarity in time series data among multiple variables and multiple intensities using dynamic simulations of autoregressive distributed lag models to elucidate key drivers of climate and ecological change on burned grasslands in Xilingol, China. We used unit root methods to select appropriate estimation methods for further analysis. Using the model estimations, we developed scenarios emulating the effects of instantaneous changes (i.e., shocks) of some significant variables on climate and ecological change. Changes in mean monthly wind speed and maximum temperature produce complex responses on area burned, directly, and through feedback relationships. Our framework addresses interactions among multiple drivers to explain fire and ecosystem responses in grasslands, and how these may be understood and prioritized in different empirical contexts needed to formulate effective fire management policies

Propuestas de mejora DES y Triple DES a lo largo de su historia

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the history of DES and its successor Triple DES in the security market and secure data encryption. The different variations and improvements that have been proposed in research related to the uses of Triple DES since before it was approved as a standard for data encryption worldwide are studied. It is also important to mention that the proposals collected and analyzed are from different parts of the world, which solidifies the level of research carried out, due to the variety of sources found. In this way, the history of this algorithm is traced in order to provide the reader with a broad perspective on how it works and the different uses that have been made of it. Finally, it’s determined that DES and 3-DES have been algorithms widely used in security information systems, but currently they are vulnerable to different attacks such as brute force and differential cryptanalysis, because of this it is suggested the use of other algorithms, for instance AES, or to include improvements in the DES and 3-DES implementation.En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis profundo respecto a la historia de DES y su sucesor Triple DES en el mercado de la seguridad y el cifrado de datos de manera segura. Se estudian las diferentes variaciones y mejoras que se han propuesto en materia investigativa en relación con los usos de Triple DES desde antes de ser aprobado como un estándar para el cifrado de datos a nivel mundial. De igual manera es importante mencionar que las propuestas recolectadas y analizadas son de diferentes partes del mundo lo que solidifica el nivel de investigación realizado, debido a la variedad de fuentes encontradas. De esta manera se realiza un recorrido por la historia de este algoritmo para ofrecer al lector una amplia perspectiva respecto al funcionamiento y diferentes usos que se le han dado. Finalmente, se logra determinar que DES y 3-DES han sido algoritmos ampliamente utilizados en el área de la seguridad informática, pero actualmente son vulnerables a diferentes ataques como fuerza bruta y criptoanálisis diferencial, debido a esto se propone el uso de otro algoritmo como AES o realizar mejoras en la implementación de DES y 3-DES

El filósofo y las pasiones de la violencia: Entrevista realizada al profesor François Gagin

PublishedDesde hace tres años, un poco más, venimos realizando un trabajo sobre el tema de la subjetividad, de la cultura; de hecho, iniciamos con un grupo de estudio que luego se convirtió en una línea de investigación, de un grupo de investigación que lleva ese nombre: “subjetividad y cultura” y, en el Programa de Psicología nos hemos propuesto como objeto de estudio teorizar acerca de lo que es la subjetividad, obviamente articulado a la cultura. En ese estudio, en esa intención, hemos tenido necesariamente que recurrir a discursos como el filosófico, el antropológico, el sociológico; es decir, ha sido un trabajo interdisciplinar. La idea entonces, con la entrevista que pensamos realizarle, es precisamente indagar desde la filosofía ¿Cómo se concibe la subjetividad?, ¿Qué se entiende, por ejemplo, por sujeto? Discutir acerca de eso. De esa relación que puede haber entre la subjetividad y la cultura. Conociendo su recorrido, su formación, nos interesa muchísimo, a propósito de este tema, a propósito de un texto, por ejemplo como el de Rodolfo Mondolfo78, preguntarnos si hay de alguna manera la comprensión de la subjetividad en la Antigüedad ¿cómo se puede concebir la subjetividad en la Antigüedad? o definitivamente,¿podemos caer en un anacronismo y no es posible? esa podría ser la primera pregunta

Soil resources and topography shape local tree community structure in tropical forests

Both habitat filtering and dispersal limitation influence the compositional structure of forest communities, but previous studies examining the relative contributions of these processes with variation partitioning have primarily used topography to represent the influence of the environment. Here, we bring together data on both topography and soil resource variation within eight large (24-50 ha) tropical forest plots, and use variation partitioning to decompose community compositional variation into fractions explained by spatial, soil resource and topographic variables. Both soil resources and topography account for significant and approximately equal variation in tree community composition (9-34% and 5-29%, respectively), and all environmental variables together explain 13-39% of compositional variation within a plot. A large fraction of variation (19-37%) was spatially structured, yet unexplained by the environment, suggesting an important role for dispersal processes and unmeasured environmental variables. For the majority of sites, adding soil resource variables to topography nearly doubled the inferred role of habitat filtering, accounting for variation in compositional structure that would previously have been attributable to dispersal. Our results, illustrated using a new graphical depiction of community structure within these plots, demonstrate the importance of small-scale environmental variation in shaping local community structure in diverse tropical forests around the globe. © 2012 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved

Protocol for a Trial Assessing the Impacts of School-Based WaSH Interventions on Children’s Health Literacy, Handwashing, and Nutrition Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Diarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection and malnutrition are leading causes of child mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To reduce the prevalence of these diseases, effective interventions for adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) should be implemented. This paper describes the design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial that will compare the efficacy of four school-based WaSH interventions for improving children’s health literacy, handwashing, and nutrition. Interventions consisted of (1) WaSH policy reinforcement; (2) low-, medium-, or high-volume health education; (3) hygiene supplies; and (4) WaSH facilities (e.g., toilets, urinals, handwashing basins) improvements. We randomly allocated school clusters from the intervention arm to one of four groups to compare with schools from the control arm. Primary outcomes were: children’s health literacy, physical growth, nutrition status, and handwashing prevalence. Secondary outcomes were: children’s self-reported health status and history of extreme hunger, satisfaction with WaSH facilities, and school restrooms’ WaSH adequacy. We will measure differences in pre- and post-intervention outcomes and compare these differences between control and intervention arms. This research protocol can be a blueprint for future school-based WaSH intervention studies to be conducted in LMICs. Study protocols were approved by the ethics committees of the University of Bonn, Germany, and the University of the Philippines Manila. This trial was retroactively registered, ID number: DRKS00021623

A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL

Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25–7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10–100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H2O, CO2, CH4 NH3, HCN, H2S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy: discrete sources

We present a study of discrete X-ray sources in and around the bulge-dominated, massive Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M104), based on new and archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~200 ks. With a detection limit of L_X = 1E37 erg/s and a field of view covering a galactocentric radius of ~30 kpc (11.5 arcminute), 383 sources are detected. Cross-correlation with Spitler et al.'s catalogue of Sombrero globular clusters (GCs) identified from HST/ACS observations reveals 41 X-rays sources in GCs, presumably low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We quantify the differential luminosity functions (LFs) for both the detected GC and field LMXBs, whose power-low indices (~1.1 for the GC-LF and ~1.6 for field-LF) are consistent with previous studies for elliptical galaxies. With precise sky positions of the GCs without a detected X-ray source, we further quantify, through a fluctuation analysis, the GC LF at fainter luminosities down to 1E35 erg/s. The derived index rules out a faint-end slope flatter than 1.1 at a 2 sigma significance, contrary to recent findings in several elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31. On the other hand, the 2-6 keV unresolved emission places a tight constraint on the field LF, implying a flattened index of ~1.0 below 1E37 erg/s. We also detect 101 sources in the halo of Sombrero. The presence of these sources cannot be interpreted as galactic LMXBs whose spatial distribution empirically follows the starlight. Their number is also higher than the expected number of cosmic AGNs (52+/-11 [1 sigma]) whose surface density is constrained by deep X-ray surveys. We suggest that either the cosmic X-ray background is unusually high in the direction of Sombrero, or a distinct population of X-ray sources is present in the halo of Sombrero.Comment: 11 figures, 5 tables, ApJ in pres

Tissue-Specific Target Analysis of Disease-Associated MicroRNAs in Human Signaling Pathways

MicroRNAs are a large class of post-transcriptional regulators that bind to the 3′ untranslated region of messenger RNAs. They play a critical role in many cellular processes and have been linked to the control of signal transduction pathways. Recent studies indicate that microRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or even as oncogenes when aberrantly expressed. For more general insights of disease-associated microRNAs, we analyzed their impact on human signaling pathways from two perspectives. On a global scale, we found a core set of signaling pathways with enriched tissue-specific microRNA targets across diseases. The function of these pathways reflects the affinity of microRNAs to regulate cellular processes associated with apoptosis, proliferation or development. Comparing cancer and non-cancer related microRNAs, we found no significant differences between both groups. To unveil the interaction and regulation of microRNAs on signaling pathways locally, we analyzed the cellular location and process type of disease-associated microRNA targets and proteins. While disease-associated proteins are highly enriched in extracellular components of the pathway, microRNA targets are preferentially located in the nucleus. Moreover, targets of disease-associated microRNAs preferentially exhibit an inhibitory effect within the pathways in contrast to disease proteins. Our analysis provides systematic insights into the interaction of disease-associated microRNAs and signaling pathways and uncovers differences in cellular locations and process types of microRNA targets and disease-associated proteins