Analysis of work stoppages, 1959

Preface This bulletin presents a detailed statistical analysis of work stoppages in 1959, continuing an annual feature of the Bureau of Labor Statistics\u27 program in the field of industrial relations. Preliminary monthly estimates of the level of strike (or lockout) activity for the United States as a whole are issued about 30 days after the end of the month of reference and are available upon request. Preliminary estimates for the entire year are available at the year\u27s end; selected final tabulations are issued in April of the following year. A chronology of the 1959 steel strike, which was ended after 116 days by a court injunction, and tables showing the industrial and geographical scope of this strike are presented in appendix B. Appendix C contains a chronology of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast longshore stoppage in which the emergency provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act were also invoked by the President. The methods used in preparing work stoppage statistics are described in appendix D. The Bureau wished to acknowledge the cooperation of employers and employer associations, labor unions, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, and various State agencies in furnishing information on work stoppages. This report was prepared in the Bureau\u27s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations by Joseph W. Bloch, assisted by Loretto R. Nolan. Julian Malnak prepared the chronologies which appear in appendices B and C

From Marginalized to Maximized Opportunities for Diverse Youths With Disabilities: A Position Paper of the Division on Career Development and Transition

Current secondary education and transition practices have created differential education and employment outcomes by gender, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and disability classifications. These differential outcomes result in economic and social marginalization of far too many students with disabilities. Transition education practices need to respond to these differential outcomes and provide targeted, systematic, and long-term opportunities for all students to attain individually and family-determined postschool goals. This position paper recommends an ecological framework for considering the multiple systems that influence transition education and postschool outcomes for diverse youths with disabilities. The authors argue for educators, researchers, and policy makers to attend to social, political, economic, educational, and cultural contexts in developing effective interventions and improving postschool outcomes.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Aging enhances serum cytokine response but not task-induced grip strength declines in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We previously reported early tissue injury, increased serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines and decreased grip in young rats performing a moderate demand repetitive task. The tissue cytokine response was transient, the serum response and decreased grip were still evident by 8 weeks. Thus, here, we examined their levels at 12 weeks in young rats. Since aging is known to enhance serum cytokine levels, we also examined aged rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Aged and young rats, 14 mo and 2.5 mo of age at onset, respectfully, were trained 15 min/day for 4 weeks, and then performed a high repetition, low force (HRLF) reaching and grasping task for 2 hours/day, for 12 weeks. Serum was assayed for 6 cytokines: IL-1alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, MIP2, IL-10. Grip strength was assayed, since we have previously shown an inverse correlation between grip strength and serum inflammatory cytokines. Results were compared to naïve (grip), and normal, food-restricted and trained-only controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Serum cytokines were higher overall in aged than young rats, with increases in IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-6 in aged Trained and 12-week HRLF rats, compared to young Trained and HRLF rats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively, each). IL-6 was also increased in aged 12-week HRLF versus aged normal controls (p < 0.05). Serum IFN-gamma and MIP2 levels were also increased in young 6-week HRLF rats, but no cytokines were above baseline levels in young 12-week HRLF rats. Grip strength declined in both young and aged 12-week HRLF rats, compared to naïve and normal controls (p < 0.05 each), but these declines correlated only with IL-6 levels in aged rats (r = -0.39).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Aging enhanced a serum cytokine response in general, a response that was even greater with repetitive task performance. Grip strength was adversely affected by task performance in both age groups, but was apparently influenced by factors other than serum cytokine levels in young rats.</p

Intelligence in youth and mental health at age 50

Background: Few cognitive epidemiology studies on mental health have focused on the links between pre-morbid intelligence and self-reports of common mental disorders, such as depression, sleep difficulties, and mental health status. The current study examines these associations in 50-year-old adults. Methods: The study uses data from the 5793 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY-79) who responded to questions on mental health at age 50 and had IQ measured with the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) when they were aged between 15 and 23 years in 1980. Mental health outcomes were: life-time diagnosis of depression; the mental component score of the 12-item short-form Health Survey (SF-12); the 7-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); and a summary measure of sleep difficulty. Results and conclusion: Higher intelligence in youth is associated with a reduced risk of self-reported mental health problems at age 50, with age-at-first-interview and sex adjusted Bs as follows: CES-depression (B = − 0.16, C.I. − 0.19 to − 0.12, p &lt; 0.001), sleep difficulties (B = − 0.11, C.I. − 0.13 to − 0.08, p &lt; 0.001), and SF-12 mental health status (OR = 0.78, C.I. 0.72 to 0.85, p &lt; 0.001; r = − 0.03 p = 0.075). Conversely, intelligence in youth is linked with an increased risk of receiving a diagnosis of depression by the age of 50 (OR 1.11, C.I. 1.01 to 1.22, p = 0.024; r = 0.03, p = 0.109). No sex differences were observed in the associations. Adjusting for adult SES accounted for most of the association between IQ and the mental health outcomes, except for having reported a diagnosis of depression, in which case adjusting for adult SES led to an increase in the size of the positive association (OR = 1.32, C.I. 1.16 to 1.51, p &lt; 0.001)

Intelligence in youth and health at age 50

Background: The link between intelligence in youth and all-cause mortality in later-life is well established. To better understand this relationship, the current study examines the links between pre-morbid intelligence and a number of specific health outcomes at age 50 using the NLSY-1979 cohort.Methods: Participants were the 5793 participants in the NLSY-79 who responded to questions about health outcomes at age 50. Sixteen health outcomes were examined: two were summary measures (physical health and functional limitation), 9 were diagnosed illness conditions, 4 were self-reported conditions, and one was a measure of general health status. Linear and logistic regressions were used, as appropriate, to examine the relationship between intelligence in youth and the health outcomes. Age, sex and both childhood and adult SES, and its sub-components – income, education, &amp; occupational prestige – are all adjusted for separately.Results &amp; conclusion: Higher pre-morbid intelligence is linked with better physical health at age 50, and a lower risk for a number of chronic health conditions. For example, a 1 SD higher score in IQ was significantly associated with increased odds of having good, very good, or excellent health, with an odds ratio of 1.70 (C.I. 1.55–1.86). Thirteen of the illness outcomes were significantly and negatively associated with IQ in youth; the odds ratios ranged from 0.85 for diabetes/high blood sugar to 0.65 for stroke, per one standard deviation higher score in IQ. Adjustment for childhood SES led to little attenuation but adult SES partially mediated the relationship for a number of conditions. Mediation by adult SES was not consistently explained by any one of its components—income, education, and occupation status. The current findings contribute to our understanding of lower intelligence as a risk factor for poor health and how this may contribute to health inequalities

Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Peer reviewe

Analysis of work stoppages, 1959

Preface This bulletin presents a detailed statistical analysis of work stoppages in 1959, continuing an annual feature of the Bureau of Labor Statistics\u27 program in the field of industrial relations. Preliminary monthly estimates of the level of strike (or lockout) activity for the United States as a whole are issued about 30 days after the end of the month of reference and are available upon request. Preliminary estimates for the entire year are available at the year\u27s end; selected final tabulations are issued in April of the following year. A chronology of the 1959 steel strike, which was ended after 116 days by a court injunction, and tables showing the industrial and geographical scope of this strike are presented in appendix B. Appendix C contains a chronology of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast longshore stoppage in which the emergency provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act were also invoked by the President. The methods used in preparing work stoppage statistics are described in appendix D. The Bureau wished to acknowledge the cooperation of employers and employer associations, labor unions, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, and various State agencies in furnishing information on work stoppages. This report was prepared in the Bureau\u27s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations by Joseph W. Bloch, assisted by Loretto R. Nolan. Julian Malnak prepared the chronologies which appear in appendices B and C

Older Workers

[Excerpt] Between 1977 and 2007, employment of workers 65 and over increased 101 percent, compared to a much smaller increase of 59 percent for total employment (16 and over). The number of employed men 65 and over increased by nearly twice as much, climbing 147 percent. While the number of employed people age 75 and over is relatively small (0.8 percent of the employed in 2007), this group had the most dramatic gain, increasing 172 percent between 1977 and 2007.older_workers_bls_spotlight.pdf: 84 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020