Human Skin Microbiota: High Diversity of DNA Viruses Identified on the Human Skin by High Throughput Sequencing

The human skin is a complex ecosystem that hosts a heterogeneous flora. Until recently, the diversity of the cutaneous microbiota was mainly investigated for bacteria through culture based assays subsequently confirmed by molecular techniques. There are now many evidences that viruses represent a significant part of the cutaneous flora as demonstrated by the asymptomatic carriage of beta and gamma-human papillomaviruses on the healthy skin. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that some representatives of the Polyomavirus genus might share a similar feature. In the present study, the cutaneous virome of the surface of the normal-appearing skin from five healthy individuals and one patient with Merkel cell carcinoma was investigated through a high throughput metagenomic sequencing approach in an attempt to provide a thorough description of the cutaneous flora, with a particular focus on its viral component. The results emphasize the high diversity of the viral cutaneous flora with multiple polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and circoviruses being detected on normal-appearing skin. Moreover, this approach resulted in the identification of new Papillomavirus and Circovirus genomes and confirmed a very low level of genetic diversity within human polyomavirus species. Although viruses are generally considered as pathogen agents, our findings support the existence of a complex viral flora present at the surface of healthy-appearing human skin in various individuals. The dynamics and anatomical variations of this skin virome and its variations according to pathological conditions remain to be further studied. The potential involvement of these viruses, alone or in combination, in skin proliferative disorders and oncogenesis is another crucial issue to be elucidated

Search for large missing transverse momentum in association with one top-quark in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes a search for events with one top-quark and large missing transverse momentum in the final state. Data collected during 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS experiment from 13 TeV proton–proton collisions at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 are used. Two channels are considered, depending on the leptonic or the hadronic decays of the W boson from the top quark. The obtained results are interpreted in the context of simplified models for dark-matter production and for the single production of a vector-like T quark. In the absence of significant deviations from the Standard Model background expectation, 95% confidence-level upper limits on the corresponding production cross-sections are obtained and these limits are translated into constraints on the parameter space of the models considered

Measurement of prompt photon production in sNN√=8.16 TeV p+Pb collisions with ATLAS

The inclusive production rates of isolated, prompt photons in p+Pb collisions at sNN√=8.16 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 165 nb−1 recorded in 2016. The cross-section and nuclear modification factor RpPb are measured as a function of photon transverse energy from 20 GeV to 550 GeV and in three nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass pseudorapidity regions, (-2.83,-2.02), (-1.84,0.91), and (1.09,1.90). The cross-section and RpPb values are compared with the results of a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation, with and without nuclear parton distribution function modifications, and with expectations based on a model of the energy loss of partons prior to the hard scattering. The data disfavour a large amount of energy loss and provide new constraints on the parton densities in nuclei.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Ar-menia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azer-baijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Is-rael; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portu-gal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Fed-eration; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallen-berg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, in-dividual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, Canarie, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Hori-zon 2020, and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d’ Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia pro-grammes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom

Clinical and biological progress over 50 years in Rett syndrome

In the 50 years since Andreas Rett first described the syndrome that came to bear his name, and is now known to be caused by a mutation in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene, a compelling blend of astute clinical observations and clinical and laboratory research has substantially enhanced our understanding of this rare disorder. Here, we document the contributions of the early pioneers in Rett syndrome (RTT) research, and describe the evolution of knowledge in terms of diagnostic criteria, clinical variation, and the interplay with other Rett-related disorders. We provide a synthesis of what is known about the neurobiology of MeCP2, considering the lessons learned from both cell and animal models, and how they might inform future clinical trials. With a focus on the core criteria, we examine the relationships between genotype and clinical severity. We review current knowledge about the many comorbidities that occur in RTT, and how genotype may modify their presentation. We also acknowledge the important drivers that are accelerating this research programme, including the roles of research infrastructure, international collaboration and advocacy groups. Finally, we highlight the major milestones since 1966, and what they mean for the day-to-day lives of individuals with RTT and their families

PUZZLING DIATOMIC FEATURES SOLVED BY LASER-SPECTROSCOPY

Despite a resolution of 500 000, conventional (grating) spectroscopy failed in providing a satisfactory interpretation of the visible spectra of NbN and, above all, NbO. Laser spectroscopy techniques, from broad-band LIF up to sub-Doppler intermodulated LIF, were successfully used in order to understand these spectra. The main results are the observation of a case (a) coupling in the X4Σ- ground state of NbO and peculiar spin-uncoupling effects in the red system of NbN

Synthesis of conformationally constrained analogues of BRL32872 : Determination of stereochemistry and related pharmacological properties

Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.2-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives have been used as conformationally constrained structure of BRL-32872, in order to investigate the effect of molecular flexibility towards class III and class IV antiarrhythmic properties. Extensive NMR studies allowed the determination of the configuration at C5. Stereoisomerism induces variability of biological profile.Peer reviewe

THE OPTICAL SPECTRUM OF NIOBIUM MONOXIDE, Nb3ONb_{3}O

$^{1}$ J.M. Brom, C.H. Durham and W. Weltner, J. Chem. Phys 61, 970 (1974). Address of Adam, Azuma, Barry and Merer: Dept of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Y6. Address of Cheval and F\'em\'enias: Laboratorire d'optique atomique et mol\'eculaire, Universit\'e de Nice, Parc Volrose, Nice 06034, France. Address of Sassenberg: Department of Physics, University of Stokholm, Vanadisvagen 9, S-113 46 Stockholm, Sweden.Author Institution:The optical emission spectrum of NbO consists of a transition near 4700 \AA $(C^{4}\Sigma^{-}-X^{4}\Sigma^{-})$ and a complex region of emission from 6000$-$7000 \AA. The spectra have been photographed at high resolution using a microwave discharge source, and a rotational analysis of the 47000 \AA system performed; there are some most impressive nuclear hyperfine effects in these bands, with line widths of up to $1 cm^{-1}$. For the red region sub-Doppler laser-induced fluorescence spectra of the four sub-bands of the $B^{4}\Pi{-}X^{4}\Sigma^{-} (0,0)$ band near 6700 \AA have been recorded. These spectra are incredilbly crowded as a result of the hysperfine structure resulting from the $I = 9/2$ nuclear spin of Nb. The hyperfine structure shows complicated variations with spin state and with J because the ground $^{4}E^{-}$ state has a large second-order spin-orbit splitting of $62 cm^{-1}$ between its $\Omega= 1/2$ and 3/2 components. The recognition of the this splitting has solved various problems associated with the relationship between the gas spectrum and matrix-isolation data1. An unusual intensity cancellations occurs in the hyperfine structure of the low J Q-lines, where certain hyperfine component with $\triangle F = \triangle J$ (which might be expected to be intense) disappear for reasons of geometry