342 research outputs found

    Empreendedorismo: o ensino por meio de Mapas Conceituais

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    Entende-se hoje que o empreendedorismo inovador tem uma importância ímpar no desenvolvimento socioeconômico de qualquer país. Dessa forma, para expor a sua relevância, este trabalho foi elaborado com o intuito de compreender e compartilhar todos os aspectos importantes a cerca deste tema, assim como de fomentar o ideal de uma educação mais emprendedora e inovadora em todos os níveis da educação brasileira. O ensino do empreendedorismo também é destacado neste trabalho como essencial nos cursos de graduação, principalmente os de cunho científico e tecnológico, como a química, por exemplo. São dessas áreas do conhecimento que surge o Empreendedorismo com Inovação Tecnológica, onde é possível agregar valor aos produtos e serviços gerados no País, estimulando competitividade dos produtos brasileiros na economia mundial. Assim, para toda esta reunião de informações pertinentes ao empreendedorismo, além de toda a referência bibliografica utilizada, dois autores merecem destaque, que são Peter Drucker e Nei Grando. Os Mapas conceituais foram escolhidos como o meio para transmitir o conhecimento adquirido sobre o empreendedorismo inovador, isto com a justificatica de ser uma ferramenta moderna, fácil e capaz de expor ideias de diversos autores sobre um mesmo assunto, assim como é capaz de gerar um aprendizado significativo sobre o conteúdo abordado. Ao final do trabalho teve-se como conclusão que o compromisso de ensinar empreendedorismo em salas de aula é fundamental para uma nação obter uma economia forte e de sucesso, através de indivíduos capacitados a transformar ideias brilhantes em algo realmente útil para a sociedade. Concluiu-se também que a utlização dos mapas torna possível a apresentação de diversos olhares conceituais sobre o tema de empreendedorismo

    Nanomedicine-based technologies and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease from current to future challenges

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    Increasing life expectancy has led to an aging population, which has consequently increased the prevalence of dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia worldwide, is estimated to make up 50--80% of all cases. AD cases are expected to reach 131 million by 2050, and this increasing prevalence will critically burden economies and health systems in the next decades. There is currently no treatment that can stop or reverse disease progression. In addition, the late diagnosis of AD constitutes a major obstacle to effective disease management. Therefore, improved diagnostic tools and new treatments for AD are urgently needed. In this review, we investigate and describe both well-established and recently discovered AD biomarkers that could potentially be used to detect AD at early stages and allow the monitoring of disease progression. Proteins such as NfL, MMPs, p-tau217, YKL-40, SNAP-25, VCAM-1, and Ng BACE are some of the most promising biomarkers because of their successful use as diagnostic tools. In addition, we explore the most recent molecular strategies for an AD therapeutic approach and nanomedicine-based technologies, used to both target drugs to the brain and serve as devices for tracking disease progression diagnostic biomarkers. State-of-the-art nanoparticles, such as polymeric, lipid, and metal-based, are being widely investigated for their potential to improve the effectiveness of both conventional drugs and novel compounds for treating AD. The most recent studies on these nanodevices are deeply explained and discussed in this review.Authors acknowledge the support of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Accion Estrategica en Salud, integrated in the Spanish National R+D+I Plan and financed by ISCIII Subdireccion General de Evaluacion and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa") grant PI17/01474 awarded to Merce Boada and grant PI19/00335 awarded to Marta Marquie; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF201784283-R); Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED, CB06/05/0024); Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) for the strategic fund (UIDB/04469/2020) and European Regional Development Funds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    The Palmas de Monte Alto meteorite: mineral chemistry and petrographic features

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    Several parameters have been used to classify iron meteorites, mainly mineralogy and chemical and structural properties. This paper presents these classificatory parameters, allowing a more detailed view to enlarge knowledge about the Palmas de Monte Alto meteorite. This siderite was found on the top of Monte Alto ridge, before 1955, being one of the six specimens that compose the Bahia State meteorite collection. It consists of a single mass of 97 kg which shows a highstage of oxidation in places where the crust has been removed. Its mineralogy includes kamacite, taenite, plessite, as well as secondary mineral phases such the Fe-Ni oxide akaganeite. There are also accessory minerals of common occurrence in Fe-Ni alloys of spatial origin like schreibersite, chromite and troilite, and a rare solid solution of Fe-Mn orthophosphates composed by the minerals heterosite-purpurite or sarcopside-graftonite as extreme members. The average width of its bands of kamacita (0.95 ± 0.15 mm) allows classifying it structurally as a medium octahedrite, with a medium and well-defined Windmasttaten pattern. Its contents of Ni (9.40 wt %) and Co (0.46 wt %) — compared to trace-elements Ga (22 ppm), Ir (0.70 ppm), As (16.00 ppm) and Au (1.70 ppm) — recommend the inclusion of this meteorite in the chemical group IIIAB.Diversos parâmetros têm sido utilizados para a classificação dos meteoritos de ferro, principalmente sua mineralogia e suas propriedades químicas e estruturais. Este artigo resgata e documenta o achado do meteorito férreo Palmas de Monte Alto, apresentando uma sequência de parâmetros classificatórios que amplia e detalha os dados disponíveis sobre o fragmento. Esse meteorito, um siderito, foi achado no topo da serra de Monte Alto antes de 1955 e hoje representa um dos seis espécimes que compõem a coleção de meteoritos do estado da Bahia. Ele é constituído de uma única massa de 97 kg com alto estágio de oxidação externa em locais em que a crosta de fusão foi removida. Sua mineralogia inclui kamacita, taenita e plessita, bem como fases minerais secundárias, tais como o óxido de Fe-Ni akaganeíta. Também estão presentes minerais acessórios de ocorrência comum em ligas metálicas de Fe-Ni de origem espacial, isto é, schreibersita, cromita e troilita, e foi identificada uma rara solução sólida de ortofosfatos de Fe-Mn composta dos minerais heterosita-purpurita ou sarcopsida-graftonita como membros extremos. A largura média de suas lamelas de kamacita (0,95 ± 0,15 mm) permite classificar estruturalmente o meteorito como um octaedrito médio, com padrão Widmanstätten médio e bem definido. Seus teores de Ni (9,40 wt%) e Co (0,46 wt%) comparados aos elementos-traço Ga (22 ppm), Ir (0,70 ppm), As (16,00 ppm) e Au (1,70 ppm) recomendam a inclusão desse meteorito no grupo químico IIIAB

    Myelin repair in vivo is increased by targeting oligodendrocyte precursor cells with nanoparticles encapsulating leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF)

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    AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Many nerve axons are insulated by a myelin sheath and their demyelination not only prevents saltatory electrical signal conduction along the axons but also removes their metabolic support leading to irreversible neurodegeneration, which currently is untreatable. There is much interest in potential therapeutics that promote remyelination and here we explore use of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine known to play a key regulatory role in self-tolerant immunity and recently identified as a pro-myelination factor. In this study, we tested a nanoparticle-based strategy for targeted delivery of LIF to oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) to promote their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes able to repair myelin. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles of ∼120 nm diameter were constructed with LIF as cargo (LIF-NP) with surface antibodies against NG-2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, expressed on OPC. In vitro, NG2-targeted LIF-NP bound to OPCs, activated pSTAT-3 signalling and induced OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. In vivo, using a model of focal CNS demyelination, we show that NG2-targeted LIF-NP increased myelin repair, both at the level of increased number of myelinated axons, and increased thickness of myelin per axon. Potency was high: a single NP dose delivering picomolar quantities of LIF is sufficient to increase remyelination.Impact statementNanotherapy-based delivery of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) directly to OPCs proved to be highly potent in promoting myelin repair in vivo: this delivery strategy introduces a novel approach to delivering drugs or biologics targeted to myelin repair in diseases such as MS

    “Meninas com Ciência” vive e resiste pelo Museu Nacional / UFRJ

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    O curso de extensão “Meninas com Ciência” é uma ação concebida e executada pelas mulheres do Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional (MN/UFRJ), voltado para alunas do 6º ao 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de escolas públicas e particulares. Ocorre desde 2017, em edições semestrais, com oficinas práticas e lúdicas em Geociências. Aqui, são apresentados o histórico do curso, as atualizações ao método, avaliações de acesso e permanência das alunas, além das perspectivas futuras. O objetivo deste trabalho é inspirar novas iniciativas, democratizando o acesso às ações de divulgação no país. Desde sua criação, o curso enfrentou diversos desafios; entre eles, a perda de toda a sua estrutura física, durante o incêndio do MN/UFRJ, mas a equipe persiste e, ao longo de seis edições, teve 2333 inscritas e ofertou 455 vagas. Além disso, é crescente o interesse de outras instituições em replicar o modelo. Até o momento, “Meninas com Ciência” inspirou, com sucesso, a execução de sete ações semelhantes nos estados de São Paulo, Distrito Federal e Pará, o que corrobora a receptividade da sociedade e a importância destas iniciativas voltadas às questões de gênero. Este trabalho demonstra que é possível realizar divulgação científica de qualidade e gratuita, mesmo sob condições adversas e com baixo orçamento. Ainda, traz os desafios em popularizar o acesso de meninas de diferentes condições, sociais e econômicas, ao curso. Em 2020, em virtude da pandemia do novo coronavírus, as duas edições previstas estão suspensas. Porém, a partir desta adversidade, “Meninas com Ciência” cresce e torna-se um projeto de extensão. Trata-se de uma estrutura maior e permanente, que abriga: a) o curso presencial, que será retomado assim que possível; b) um canal online direto com a sociedade, visando propor atividades, tirar dúvidas sobre Geociências, conversar sobre as experiências de mulheres cientistas, etc. e c) a criação de linhas de pesquisa em extensão

    Limits to the muon flux from neutralino annihilations in the Sun with the AMANDA detector

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    A search for an excess of muon-neutrinos from neutralino annihilations in the Sun has been performed with the AMANDA-II neutrino detector using data collected in 143.7 days of live-time in 2001. No excess over the expected atmospheric neutrino background has been observed. An upper limit at 90% confidence level has been obtained on the annihilation rate of captured neutralinos in the Sun, as well as the corresponding muon flux limit at the Earth, both as functions of the neutralino mass in the range 100 GeV-5000 GeV.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Astropart. Phy

    Addition of elotuzumab to lenalidomide and dexamethasone for patients with newly diagnosed, transplantation ineligible multiple myeloma (ELOQUENT-1): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial

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    Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

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    Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

    Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

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    One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI
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