Lifestyle factors modify obesity risk linked to PPARG2 and FTO variants in an elderly population: a cross-sectional analysis in the SUN Project.

Genetic factors may interact with lifestyle factors to modify obesity risk. FTO and PPARG2 are relevant obesogenes. Our aim was to explore the effect of Pro12Ala (rs1801282) of PPARG2 and rs9939609 of FTO on obesity risk and to examine their interaction with lifestyle factors in an elderly population. Subjects (n = 978; aged 69 ± 6) were recruited from the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) Project. DNA was obtained from saliva, and lifestyle and dietary data were collected by validated self-reported questionnaires. Genotyping was assessed by RT-PCR plus allele discrimination. Subjects carrying the Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had a significantly increased obesity risk compared to non-carrier (Pro12Pro) subjects (OR, 1.66; 95 % CI, 1.01-2.74; p = 0.045). Greater obesity risk was also found in inactive or high carbohydrate intake subjects with the Ala12 allele of PPARG2 gene. Interestingly, subjects carrying the Ala allele of the PPARG2 gene and with a high CHO (>246 g/day) intake had an increased obesity risk compared to Pro12Pro subjects (OR, 2.67; 95 % CI, 1.3-5.46; p = 0.007; p for [CHO × PPARG2] interaction = 0.046). Moreover, in subjects with a high CHO intake, the co-presence of the Ala allele of PPARG2 gene and one minor A allele (rs9939609) of FTO gene did increase obesity risk (OR, 3.26; 95 % CI, 1.19-8.89; p = 0.021) when compared to non-carrier (Pro12Pro/TT) subjects. In conclusion, it appears that lifestyle factors may act as effect modifiers for obesity risk linked to Ala12 allele of the PPARG2 gene and the minor A allele of FTO gene in an elderly population

Enseñanza-aprendizaje en la universidad: nuevos modos de leer y escribir en los tiempos de la convergencia tecnológica

Este proyecto se plantea la continuidad del proyecto PROINCE 55/B163 (2011-12), que surgió a partir de dos estudios previos realizados entre 2008 y 2010 en el ámbito del “Programa: la Lectura y la Escritura en el ingreso a la Universidad”. Uno, referido a las representaciones de los alumnos respecto de la lectura y la escritura en el ámbito del Curso de Ingreso de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza en la asignatura Seminario de Comprensión y Producción de Textos, y una intervención pedagógica realizada con los alumnos que permitiera incidir en esas representaciones para el desarrollo de la vida académica. El otro, basado en las representaciones de los docentes respecto de su propia tarea y el análisis de sus relatos de clase. Los resultados han demostrado la necesidad de proponer alternativas que redunden tanto en el trabajo de comprensión y producción de textos con los estudiantes, como en la conformación de una identidad profesional en los docentes, de modo de reafirmar su sentido de pertenencia y de esclarecer el rol que una Universidad de masas reclama en relación con la disciplina. El Proyecto “Construcción de comunidad de práctica virtual a partir del paradigma conectivista y el abordaje de la lectura y la escritura en la universidad” (B163) propuso un diálogo con los docentes de la asignatura, centrado en la formación, intercambio y discusión de perspectivas que nos permitieran pensar las cuestiones mencionadas desde el paradigma conectivista, centrado en la idea de que el conocimiento es una construcción social y colaborativa (Siemens, 2004). Para ello, la tarea propuesta consistió -en un primer momento- en la constitución de una comunidad de práctica virtual a partir de una red social (Google+), con los profesores de la asignatura. Se trató de un espacio de encuentro entre docentes, dedicado al estudio del paradigma conectivista y al diseño de estrategias que permitieran a través del trabajo colaborativo- el fortalecimiento de los lazos identitarios y el mejoramiento de las prácticas docentes. En un segundo momento, se planteó la necesidad de conocer el modo en que los alumnos leen y escriben en los medios digitales, y se realizó un relevamiento para identificar qué hacen los alumnos cuando leen y escriben en los medios electrónicos. En el proyecto actual nos proponemos continuar con la línea de investigación, esta vez centrada en dos aspectos. Por un lado, lo que nos interesa es abordar esa tarea de introducción a los nuevos modos de leer y escribir en pantalla -a partir de los datos obtenidos en los proyectos anteriores. El objetivo es superar las viejas didácticas de la lectura y escritura académica y construir nuevas metodologías de enseñar y aprender, acercando los modos docentes de leer y escribir en pantalla a los modos de leer de sus alumnos para aproximarlos a la lectura y escritura académicas. Por otro lado, el desarrollo del diseño de una intervención pedagógica que tenga en cuenta los modos de lectura y escritura de los ingresantes permeados por la cultura digital. Y, finalmente, el desarrollo de estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje referidas a la lectura y escritura académicas. Se trata de una “investigación-acción”, y para ello se utilizarán encuestas, estudios de casos y protocolos de tipo metacognitivo -posteriores a las tareas de escritura demandadas- cuyo objetivo es reconstruir las operaciones que se realizaron para efectuar esa tarea (Flower y Hayes, 1996). Partimos de la literatura sobre la influencia de la revolución tecnológica en las prácticas de lectura y de escritura en general, y las características que presentan la escritura y, sobre todo, la lectura, digitales. Consideramos también los aportes que hace el enfoque sociocultural al estudio de la literacidad (Viñao Frago, 2007; Guzmán Sevilla, 2008; Jarkowski, 2009; Chartier, 2008; Aliagas Marín, s/f; Martos García, s/f; Cassany, 2006; Cassany y Ayala, 2008).Fil: Bidiña, Ana. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Zerillo, Amelia. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Gómez, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Luppi, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Miranda, Marcela Nora. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Smael, Nora Cristina. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Toledo, Viviana Patricia. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Val, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Zerillo, Amelia. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Rocaro, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina

Enseñanza-aprendizaje en la Universidad : nuevos modos de leer y escribir 2

En el marco de la Secretaría Académica de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza y el Seminario de Comprensión y Producción de Textos del Curso de Ingreso venimos desarrollando el Programa de la Lectura y la Escritura desde el año 2008. En dicho espacio investigamos de forma sistemática y sostenida los problemas del ingresante a la cultura universitaria y de los docentes de ingreso relacionados con las prácticas letradas de la cultura académica y la lectoescritura en papel y en pantalla. Respecto del trabajo con los alumnos, entre 2013 y 2014, se realizó una intervención didáctica a distancia diseñada para mejorar la comprensión lectora en pantalla de textos académicos. Los resultados obtenidos indican, por un lado, condiciones materiales, culturales y motivacionales positivas de los alumnos que participaron de la experiencia, y por otro lado, la necesidad de desarrollar una alfabetización digital en el manejo de las herramientas TIC para la lectura y escritura en la Universidad en toda la población estudiantil del ingreso. En este nuevo proyecto, nos proponemos ampliar la experiencia de lectura y escritura digitales y críticas a partir de la creación de contenido digital, con la meta de generar diversidad de ofertas didácticas y brindar nuevas oportunidades de aprendizaje.Fil: Bidiña, Ana Marcela. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Zerillo, Amelia M. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Luppi, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Miranda, Marcela Nora. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Toledo, Viviana Patricia. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Smael, Nora Cristina. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Gómez, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Rocaro, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina.Fil: Val, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza; Argentina

Fiber intake and all-cause mortality in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study

Background: Few observational studies have examined the effect of dietary fiber intake and fruit and vegetable consumption on total mortality and have reported inconsistent results. All of the studies have been conducted in the general population and typically used only a single assessment of diet. Objective: We investigated the association of fiber intake and whole-grain, fruit, and vegetable consumption with all-cause mortality in a Mediterranean cohort of elderly adults at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by using repeated measurements of dietary information and taking into account the effect of a dietary intervention. Design: We followed up 7216 men (55-75 y old) and women (60-75 y old) at high CVD risk in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial for a mean of 5.9 y. Data were analyzed as an observational cohort. Participants were initially free of CVD. A 137-item validated food-frequency questionnaire administered by dietitians was repeated annually to assess dietary exposures (fiber, fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intakes). Deaths were identified through the continuing medical care of participants and the National Death Index. An independent, blinded Event Adjudication Committee adjudicated causes of death. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs of death during follow-up according to baseline dietary exposures and their yearly updated changes. Results: In up to 8.7 y of follow-up, 425 participants died. Baseline fiber intake and fruit consumption were significantly associated with lower risk of death [HRs for the fifth compared with the first quintile: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.86; P = 0.015) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.82; P = 0.004), respectively]. When the updated dietary information was considered, participants with fruit consumption .210 g/d had 41% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.78). Associations were strongest for CVD mortality than other causes of death. Conclusion: Fiber and fruit intakes are associated with a reduction in total mortality. PREDIMED was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639. © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.Peer Reviewe

Tumor microenvironment gene expression profiles associated to complete pathological response and disease progression in resectable NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy

Background Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has improved pathological responses and survival rates compared with chemotherapy alone, leading to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of nivolumab plus chemotherapy for resectable stage IB-IIIA NSCLC (AJCC 7th edition) without ALK or EGFR alterations. Unfortunately, a considerable percentage of tumors do not completely respond to therapy, which has been associated with early disease progression. So far, it is impossible to predict these events due to lack of knowledge. In this study, we characterized the gene expression profile of tumor samples to identify new biomarkers and mechanisms behind tumor responses to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and disease recurrence after surgery. Methods Tumor bulk RNA sequencing was performed in 16 pretreatment and 36 post-treatment tissue samples from 41 patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy from NADIM trial. A panel targeting 395 genes related to immunological processes was used. Tumors were classified as complete pathological response (CPR) and non-CPR, based on the total absence of viable tumor cells in tumor bed and lymph nodes tested at surgery. Differential-expressed genes between groups and pathway enrichment analysis were assessed using DESeq2 and gene set enrichment analysis. CIBERSORTx was used to estimate the proportions of immune cell subtypes. Results CPR tumors had a stronger pre-established immune infiltrate at baseline than non-CPR, characterized by higher levels of IFNG, GZMB, NKG7, and M1 macrophages, all with a significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) >0.9 for CPR prediction. A greater effect of neoadjuvant therapy was also seen in CPR tumors with a reduction of tumor markers and IFN gamma signaling after treatment. Additionally, the higher expression of several genes, including AKT1, BST2, OAS3, or CD8B; or higher dendritic cells and neutrophils proportions in post-treatment non-CPR samples, were associated with relapse after surgery. Also, high pretreatment PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden levels influenced the post-treatment immune landscape with the downregulation of proliferation markers and type I interferon signaling molecules in surgery samples. Conclusions Our results reinforce the differences between CPR and non-CPR responses, describing possible response and relapse immune mechanisms, opening the possibility of therapy personalization of immunotherapy-based regimens in the neoadjuvant setting of NSCLC

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).Peer reviewe

The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library

Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July–2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA—we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020–2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data

The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys