Die Rotatorienfauna einiger Gewässer des Naturschutzgebietes „Heiliges Meer“ im Kreis Steinfurt

Die planktontische und die benthische Rotatorienfauna des NSG Heiliges Meer, Krs. Steinfurt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, wurde durch monatliche Beprobung von eutrophen, oligotrophen und dystrophen Gewässern zwischen Oktober 1999 und Oktober 2000 untersucht. Insgesamt konnten 195 Rädertierarten festgestellt werden, davon waren 166 Monogononta und 29 Bdelloidea.BetweenOctober 1999 and October 2000 the planctontic and benthic rotatoria of the nature reserve Heiliges Meer, North-Rhine-Westphalia, was investigated by monthly samples in eutrophic, oligotrophic and dystrophic waters. Totally we found 195 species of rotatoria, 166 Monogononta and 29 Bdelloidea resp

Direkte Bestimmung der zellulären Immunantwort gegen das Zytomegalievirus mittels ELISPOT bei seronegativen Personen

It is essential to identify donors who have not been infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in order to avoid transmission of HCMV to recipients of blood transfusions or organ transplants. In the present study, we tested the reliability of seronegativity as an indicator for the lack of HCMV exposure in healthy human blood donors. Eighty-two HCMV seronegative individuals were identified, and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested in ImmunoSpot® assays for the presence of HCMV-specific T- and B-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested in ImmunoSpot® assays for the presence of HCMV-specific T- and B-memory lymphocytes. Eighty-two percent (67 of 82) of these HCMV seronegative individuals featured at least one memory cell that was lineage specific for HCMV, with the majority of these subjects possessing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as B cells, providing three independent lines of evidence for having developed immunity to HCMV. Only 15 of these 82 donors (18%) showed neither T- nor B-cell memory to HCMV, consistent with immunological naïveté to the virus. The data suggest that measurements of serum antibodies frequently fail to reveal HCMV exposure in humans, which may be better identified by direct detection of HCMV-specific memory lymphocytes.Es ist wichtig, Spender zu identifizieren, die nicht mit dem humanen Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infiziert sind, um eine Übertragung des HCMV auf Empfänger von Bluttransfusionen oder Organtransplantationen zu vermeiden. In der vorliegenden Studie haben wir die Zuverlässigkeit der Seronegativität als Indikator für das Fehlen einer HCMV-Exposition bei gesunden menschlichen Blutspendern. Zweiundachtzig HCMV-seronegative Personen wurden identifiziert, und ihre peripheren peripheren mononukleären Blutzellen (PBMC) wurden in ImmunoSpot®-Tests auf das Vorhandensein von HCMV-spezifische mononukleare T- und B-Blutzellen (PBMC) wurden in ImmunoSpot® Assays auf das Vorhandensein von HCMV-spezifischen T- und B-Gedächtnis-Lymphozyten getestet. Zweiundachtzig Prozent (67 von 82) dieser HCMV-seronegativen Personen wiesen mindestens eine Gedächtniszelle auf, die die HCMV-spezifisch ist, wobei die Mehrheit dieser Personen CD4+ und CD8+ T-Zellen sowie B-Zellen, was drei unabhängige Beweise dafür liefert, dass sie Immunität gegen HCMV entwickelt haben. Nur 15 dieser 82 Spender (18 %) wiesen weder ein T- noch ein B-Zell-Gedächtnis für HCMV auf, was auf eine immunologische Naivität gegenüber dem Virus hindeutet. Die Daten legen nahe dass die Messung von Serumantikörpern eine HCMV-Exposition beim Menschen häufig nicht erkennen lässt, die durch den direkten Nachweis von HCMV-spezifischen Gedächtnislymphozyten besser erkannt werden kann

The serious games ecosystem: Interdisciplinary and intercontextual praxis

This chapter will situate academia in relation to serious games commercial production and contextual adoption, and vice-versa. As a researcher it is critical to recognize that academic research of serious games does not occur in a vaccum. Direct partnerships between universities and commercial organizations are increasingly common, as well as between research institutes and the contexts that their serious games are deployed in. Commercial production of serious games and their increased adoption in non-commercial contexts will influence academic research through emerging impact pathways and funding opportunities. Adding further complexity is the emergence of commercial organizations that undertake their own research, and research institutes that have inhouse commercial arms. To conclude, we explore how these issues affect the individual researcher, and offer considerations for future academic and industry serious games projects

Forty years of carabid beetle research in Europe - from taxonomy, biology, ecology and population studies to bioindication, habitat assessment and conservation

Volume: 100Start Page: 55End Page: 14

Gamification and Mobile Marketing Effectiveness

A variety of business sectors have been buffeted by the diffusion of mobile technology, a trend that presents a variety of difficult challenges but interesting opportunities to marketers. One such opportunity is gamification, which, one hopes, will enhance appeal to mobile consumers. Our sense from both personal experience and the literature is that the gamified mobile apps currently offered by firms mostly miss the mark. We provide a systematic overview of game design and note how principles derived from that field are highly applicable to gamification in mobile marketing settings. We are aided by the work of Schell (2008), whose Elemental Game Tetrad Model allows us to offer a coherent look at how gamification should affect mobile marketing outcomes

Molekulares Drehimpulsalignment in der Knudsenstroemung aus Mikrokapillarplatten Der Nachweis und die Entwicklung eines Modells

Available from TIB Hannover: DB 4452 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman