Techos vivos en Toluca, una propuesta de aprovechamiento de agua pluvial y mejoramiento medio ambiental

Es de sorprender que dentro de las esferas tendientes a la sustentabilidad, en las ciudades se genere cada vez más el daño al medio ambiente ocasionado por el aumento poblacional, producto de la migración campo-ciudad, generando con ello asentamientos humanos sin ninguna planeación, causando fenómenos como el efecto isla de calor, gases de efecto invernadero, urbanización forzada de áreas anteriormente destinadas a la agricultura y la consecuente instalación de drenajes sanitarios y pluviales (cuando existen) mal planeados o insuficientes motivando la falta de permeabilidad de agua pluvial al subsuelo, la falta de empleo o sub-empleo, el hacinamiento y una serie de problemas urbanos cada vez en aumento, ya que en la actualidad más del 70% de la población mundial vive en zonas urbanas, siendo esto el principal problema que amenaza a la tierra impactando de manera considerablemente el medio ambiente en una contaminación global superior al 75% (Ruano,2008:7) del suelo, aire, agua y particularmente la reflexión solar incidiendo directamente en la capa de ozono, lo que contribuye al cambio climático a nivel global, utilizando más del 70% de la energía consumida por la humanidad. La incorporación de vegetación al sistema urbano genera beneficios en las tres esferas de acción de la sustentabilidad, la social, la económica y la ambiental, debiendo ser de manera holística. En la parte social, mejorando la calidad de vida de los habitantes de las ciudades creando ambientes más confortables para la convivencia, el desarrollo de actividades deportivas y la generación de identidad y comunicación. En la parte ambiental, describir los múltiples benficios de la vegetación al mitigar los efectos urbanos que interfieren con el medio natural, tales como mejorar la temperatura, disminuir el ruido, mejorar la imagen urbana y como auxiliar para evitar inundaciones. En el aspecto económico, al mejorar la calidad ambiental de las ciudades se genera un beneficio social en sus habitantes elevando su calidad de vida y revaluando el suelo ya que obtiene mayor plusvalía en estas zonas de la ciudad (Galindo y Victoria,2012: 100)

The role of service life planning in construction industry; an exploratory review

ARTICULO ESPECIALIZADO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA INTERNACIONAL INDEXADAThe aim is to present a review of the scientific literature as regards service life planning and durability in buildings, infrastructure and their parts. The review focused on studies and works related to two main categories: the first related to the basic information on service life planning for buildings, the second, related to case studies and applications of service life planning in buildings. Results reveal that as regards theory and basic information on service life the studies mainly focus on studies on specific methods and models on service life planning in buildings and their components, as for applications and case studies, these largely focus on life cycle assessments to ascertain durability and environmental impacts for various materials and constructive components. It is concluded that the estimation of a building’s service life not only comes in handy to plan its durability, but also because it is very useful when studies on Life-cycle assessment on buildings and their components are needed

Application of self-healing materials in architecture and construction industry: an exploratory review

ARTÍCULO ESPECIALIZADO EN REVISTA INTERNACIONAL INDEXADAThis work’s aim was to perform a review of the scientific literature from the standpoint of both the architect and builder. In the first place, on which self-healing materials are currently available for construction industry; secondly, to acknowledge the main applications and the self-healing methods of each material. The review was largely carried out using the scientific database tool sciencedirect® and other similar tools on the main applications of self-healing materials in construction industry. The results reveal that the main applications refer to the production of self-healing concretes and mortars by means of self-healing techniques, for example: insertion of microcapsules with various self-healing agents, followed by self-healing bacteria. It is concluded that with the use of these materials not only does the service life of structures of buildings improves, but also that of the entire building, increasing durability and noticeably decreasing maintenance and reparation costs

Tendencias y retos de la geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI: una perspectiva desde el VII CGAL

Su estructura contempla siete capítulos: en el primero denominado Origen y devenir histórico del Coloquio Geográfico sobre América Latina de la Facultad de Geografía de la UAEM de los autores Carlos Reyes Torres, Agustín Olmos Cruz y Fernando Carreto Bernal, integrantes del Cuerpo Académico en Educación y Enseñanza de la Geografía, da cuenta del origen de los Coloquios Geográficos de AL, estableciendo sus etapas de desarrollo desde 1993 al 2014, caracterizando sus comités organizadores, ejes temáticos, así como la representación de los ponentes de las instituciones y países participantes. La relevancia de estos estudios radica en la recuperación de la historia de los eventos para fomentar la identidad y sentido de pertenencia con la disciplina y con la institución.El presente libro intitulado Tendencias y retos de la geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI: una perspectiva desde el VII CGAL, es un producto derivado del 7° Coloquio Geográfico sobre América Latina, celebrado en desde hace ya dos décadas en la Facultad de Geografía de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, convocando con el eje temático sobre “Las Tendencias y retos de la Geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI”Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Geografí

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Actualidad y prospectiva de la investigación científica en el Centro Universitario Amecameca de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Con responsabilidad, se organizó un programa cuya finalidad fuera publicitar con transparencia dichos avances, a través de un esfuerzo de rendición de cuentas a la comunidad inmediata, la universitaria, y a la comunidad abierta, la sociedad que la principal referencia para tal efecto. El programa se concretiza a través del presente libro, conformado con una inspiración de investigación multidisciplinaria; sin embargo, para llegar a tal fin, el reto es realizar el proceso de búsqueda y generación de conocimiento transitando hacia la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos, que puedan construir nuevos conocimientos fortalecidos por la convergencia de diferentes campos del saber. En consecuencia, la primera etapa de esta estrategia es la publicidad de los trabajos investigativos ejercidos, para hacer un balance al día, pero también proyectar el futuro de cada campo y área del conocimiento. La organización explicativa está organizada por tres bloques representativos del quehacer en la generación de conocimiento del Centro Universitario, un primer bloque centra el interés en las humanidades, educación y sustentabilidad; el segundo bloque lo integra la reflexión científica sobre la construcción democrática, derechos humanos y equidad de género; en el tercer segmento se destina a la seguridad alimentaria, salud pública y sistemas agropecuarios. La actualidad de la investigación eleva la producción lograda y lo que en el momento se encuentra en construcción y los alcances que produce para la docencia, la investigación misma, y para la sociedad en general. La prospectiva es un área que todos los capítulos desarrollan con el propósito de delinear los alcances innovadores por andar en teoría, metodología e incluso en los saberes mismo

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries