An Evaluation of Pareto, Lognormal and PPS Distributions: The Size Distribution of Cities in Kerala, India

The Pareto-Positive Stable (PPS) distribution is introduced as a new model for describing city size data of a region in a country. The PPS distribution provides a flexible model for fitting the entire range of a set of city size data and the classical Pareto and Zipf distributions are included as a particular case

Multicomponent Domino Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Modeling Simulation of Complex Dispirooxindolopyrrolidines

A series of spirooxindolopyrrolidine fused N -styrylpiperidone heterocyclic hybrids has been synthesized in excellent yield via a domino multicomponent protocol that involves one-pot three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and concomitant enamine reactions performed in an inexpensive ionic liquid, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br). Compounds thus synthesized were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against U-937 tumor cells. Interestingly; compounds 5i and 5m exhibited a better cytotoxicity than the anticancer drug bleomycin. In ddition; the effect of the synthesized compounds on the nuclear morphology of U937 FaDu cells revealed that treatment with compounds 5a–m led to their apoptotic cell death

Copper(II) catalyzed selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes with atmospheric oxygen

Copper(II) complex 1 selectively catalyzes the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes in high yields by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of TEMPO. This procedure does not require an additive and the catalyst 1 is recyclable without loss of activity

Electrical conduction properties of flash evaporated ZincPhthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin films

Solar energy as the principle source has become very attractive, as it is abundantly available, can be tapped locally, pollution free and commercially viable over a period. Solar energy may be converted to other forms of higher-grade energy through one of several methods such as photothermal, photochemical, photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic (PV). Among these, as noted above the cleanest and most direct and efficient and of converts to electrical power is with the help of PV or solar cell devices. Photovoltaics are one of the hottest areas of research today. Nowadays organic material finds greater importance in the PV cell fabrications. Among the available organic materials ZincPhthalocyanine is a promising candidate for the solar cell applications, because of its easy synthesization and non-toxic to the environment. The major part of incident light in the visible region effectively contributes to photocarrier generation and the excited ZnPc molecules play an important role in PV effect. In this paper, we have reported electrical transport properties of flash evaporated ZincPhthalocyanine thin films have been reported. DC conduction mechanism in these films (Al–ZnPc–Al structure) was studied at different temperatures. The field dependence behaviour on activation energy and possible conduction mechanism in the ZnPc films under DC field has been discussed