The Guest Worker Myth: How Turkish Immigrant Communities Rebuilt West Berlin (1960s - 1980s)

In the 1960s and 1970s, West Berlin was at the center of the world's attention. Plagued by Cold War divisions, all eyes were focused on the city's seemingly miraculous physical and economic renewal. Modern housing compounds by world famous Bauhaus émigrés drew visitors and press attention, and the currency reform of 1948 had seemingly sparked an economic miracle (Wirtschaftswunder). However, there is an essential story that is often only a footnote in this history of urban renewal: the so-called "guest workers" (Gastarbeiter). From the 1950s until 1973, Germany recruited thousands of foreign workers from countries like Spain, Yugoslavia, and Turkey to temporarily increase their production capacity. The workers were hired upon a rotation principle – after just a few years, they were to return home and make space for new recruits. Living in dormitories under strict curfews and restrictions, a far cry from the city's modernist housing complexes that advertised freedom and democracy, the Gastarbeiter were seen as easily replaceable participants in the German economic miracle. This thesis elaborates on the story of West Berlin's transformation from the 1960s through the 1980s by complicating conventional macro-narratives of urban transformations. It moves beyond West Berlin's origin myths in order to acknowledge Turkish immigrants as central and active agents in West Berlin's evolution. Drawing on archival research in Germany, each chapter approaches West Berlin's story from two perspectives. First, I discuss big picture changes in the city, addressing flashy building expositions and ambitious top-down policy initiatives. With this framework in place, each section then zeroes in on the lives of Turkish guest workers living in the city. From the long train ride to Germany, to the founding of so-called "backyard mosques" (Hinterhofmoscheen) and small businesses, these sections round out the story of Germany's island of democracy in the East. It is impossible to fully understand the larger-scale changes happening in West Berlin without investigating the influence of the Turkish immigrants in the city, and vice versa.Ohio State Department of HistoryNo embargoAcademic Major: Histor

Curious teachers, create curious learners and great historians

© 2018, © 2018 ASPE. Engel, S.[2011. “Children’s Need to Know: Curiosity in Schools.” Harvard Educational Review 81 (4): 625–645] stated that curiosity should be cultivated in our schools as it is intrinsic to children’s development. However, this is often absent from classrooms. In this paper we aim to explore some of the factors that have led to a lack of curiosity in today’s classrooms by identifying the impact of rapid policy and curriculum change. We will then justify the importance of creative teaching to develop curiosity, not only in children but also in their teachers–curious teachers develop curious learners. We will conclude by sharing some case studies to illustrate how curiosity can be developed using history lessons as a platform

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements