Physical Properties and Consumer Evaluation of Cocoa Bean Shell-Functionalized Biscuits Adapted for Diabetic Consumers by the Replacement of Sucrose with Tagatose

The cocoa bean shell (CBS), a by-product of the cocoa industry, has been reported to be rich in fiber and polyphenols, which could contribute to reducing the metabolism of sugars and glucose adsorption. The production of CBS-based biscuits in which sucrose is replaced with tagatose (a low-glycemic sugar with prebiotic properties), benefiting diabetic consumers, is proposed. Six prototype biscuits were produced using sucrose, tagatose, and CBS powder at 0%, 10%, and 20% as a wheat flour replacement. Biscuits were studied in terms of fiber content, and those with 10% and 20% CBS showed to contain 5.66% and 8.70–8.71% of total dietary fiber, respectively. Moreover, the physicochemical and structural properties of the biscuits were studied to evaluate their differences due to the use of sucrose and tagatose combined with CBS. Significant effects mainly caused by the reducing nature and lower solubility of tagatose with respect to sugar, and the water retention capacities of CBS were observed. Finally, the biscuits were evaluated by performing a consumer acceptance evaluation, and their perceptible sensorial differences were studied by performing a Napping® sensory characterization. CBS-based biscuits represent an interesting possibility for cocoa by-product revalorization, although an optimized recipe is recommended, especially when employing tagatoseThe present work has been supported by COVALFOOD “Valorisation of high added-value compounds from cocoa industry by-products as food ingredients and additives”. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research and innovation under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 609402—2020 researchers: Train to Move (T2M)S

Phenolic composition, in vitro antioxidant effects and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of three Algerian Mentha species: M. spicata (L.), M. pulegium (L.) and M. rotundifolia (L.) Huds (Lamiaceae)

International audienceThe leaves of three Mentha species harvested in Algeria, Mentha spicata L. (MS), Mentha pulegium L. (MP) and Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds (MR) were examined for their content in polyphenols and for some activities-linked biological properties these could impart. The contents in total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were evaluated by the Folin–Ciocalteu and the aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Whereas MS showed the highest TPC (12.0 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight), MR had the highest content in TFC (3.3 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalents of dry weight). The pharmacological properties of these extracts were evaluated by assessing in vitro their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities. The modulation of mushroom tyrosinase activity was measured by colorimetry of the melanins formed in the presence of tyrosine. MS exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity (RSA) in all assays: (i) the IC50s values to neutralize the 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radicals (ABTS+) and the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) were 10.3 ± 0.9 and 16.2 ± 0.2 μg/mL, respectively; and (ii) its original electrochemically measured superoxide quenching index value is 188 ± 37 μg/mL (AI50). MR however showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 108 ± 20 μg/mL). A silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique revealed the presence of caffeic and rosmarinic acids and diosmin in all extracts. These results were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD

Polyphenolic and Methylxanthine Bioaccessibility of Cocoa Bean Shell Functional Biscuits: Metabolomics Approach and Intestinal Permeability through Caco-2 Cell Models

Cocoa bean shell (CBS), a by-product with considerable concentrations of bioactive compounds and proven biofunctional potential, has been demonstrated to be a suitable ingredient for high-fiber functional biscuits adapted to diabetic consumers. In this work, the in vitro bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of polyphenols and methylxanthines contained in these biscuits were evaluated, and the effect of the food matrix was studied. Biscuits containing CBS and the CBS alone underwent in vitro digestion followed by an intestinal permeability study. The results confirmed that compounds were less bioavailable in the presence of a food matrix, although the digestion contributed to their release from this matrix, increasing the concentrations available at the intestinal level and making them capable of promoting antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. After digestion, CBS biscuits were shown to possess α-glucosidase inhibition capacity comparable to that of acarbose. Moreover, the presence of the food matrix improved the stability of polyphenols throughout the digestion process. Intestinal absorption of flavan-3-ols seemed to be limited to a maximum threshold and was therefore independent of the sample, while procyanidin was not absorbed. Methylxanthine absorption was high and was boosted by the presence of the food matrix. The results confirmed the biofunctional potential of CBS-based biscuitsThe present work was supported by COVALFOOD “Valorisation of high added-value compounds from cocoa industry by-products as food ingredients and additives”. This project received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research and innovation under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 609402—2020 researchers: Train to Move (T2M)S

The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and toxicological considerations

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on the available evidence on the species׳ pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country׳s healthcare system. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Nigeria. ‘Diabetes’ and ‘Nigeria’ were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then ‘Plant name – accepted or synonyms’, ‘Constituents’, ‘Drug interaction’ and/or ‘Toxicity’ for the secondary searches. Results: The hypoglycemic effect of over a hundred out of the 115 plants reviewed in this paper is backed by preclinical experimental evidence, either in vivo or in vitro. One-third of the plants have been studied for their mechanism of action, while isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) has been accomplished for twenty three plants. Some plants showed specific organ toxicity, mostly nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic, with direct effects on the levels of some liver function enzymes. Twenty eight plants have been identified as in vitro modulators of P-glycoprotein and/or one or more of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, while eleven plants altered the levels of phase 2 metabolic enzymes, chiefly glutathione, with the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. Conclusion: This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants used in diabetes management so as to ensure a more rational use. By anticipating potential toxicities or possible herb–drug interactions, significant risks which would otherwise represent a burden on the country׳s healthcare system can be avoided

Contribution à l'étude des aporphines d'échantillons béninois de Cassytha filiformis L

Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) est une plante parasite, largement répandue dans les régions tropicales du globe. Elle est amplement utilisée en médecine traditionnelle, notamment au Bénin, pour traiter diverses pathologies infectieuses. L'introduction de cette thèse présente d'une part, une revue des connaissances relatives aux effets cytotoxiques et antitumoraux des aporphinoïdes, leur mode d'action et les relations structure-activité, et d'autre part, les données bibliographiques disponibles sur le C. filiformis et ses alcaloïdes. Après une brève description des matériels et méthodes utilisés tout au long de ce travail, une partie de la thèse relate l'isolement, la purification et la détermination de structure de 4 aporphines majoritaires (actinodaphnine, cassythine, dicentrine et néolitsine) d'un échantillon béninois de C. filiformis, ainsi que leur cytotoxicité in vitro sur 3 lignées cellulaires cancéreuses et une lignée non cancéreuse. Elle décrit également, pour la première fois, l'assignation complète des signaux RMN de la cassythine et de l'actinodaphnine. La partie suivante de la thèse reprend les résultats obtenus lors de l'étude des fragmentations d'aporphines par ESI-MSn. Ils ont permis la proposition de règles générales de fragmentation permettant d'obtenir rapidement des informations structurales sur ce type de composés. Par ailleurs, cette partie décrit également l'isolement, la détermination structurale et l'assignation des signaux RMN d'une cinquième aporphine, la nornéolitsine, isolée pour la première fois du genre Cassytha. Une autre partie de notre travail est consacrée à la mise au point d'une méthode d'extraction, de séparation et de quantification des aporphines du C. filiformis. Cette méthode a été complètement validée et est compatible avec une détection par spectrométrie de masse. Outre l'identification d'une sixième aporphine, la cassythidine, l'analyse des différents lots béninois collectés à des périodes et sur des hôtes différents a montré que l'hôte parasité et la saison de récolte influencent fortement le contenu et les proportions des diverses aporphines. La dernière partie de notre travail a permis de comparer la cytotoxicité in vitro sur les cellules HeLa des trois aporphines majoritaires de C. filiformis et de 4 aporphines disponibles commercialement. Différentes méthodes spectroscopiques ont montré que les aporphines étudiées se lient à l'ADN et se comportent comme des agents intercalants, mais aucune relation directe n'a été observée entre cette interaction avec l'ADN et l'activité cytotoxique de ces molécules.Thèse de doctorat en sciences pharmaceutiques (FARM 3)--UCL, 200

Aspects nutritionnels des champignons

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe