Comparative analysis of the percentage of patents requested by the latin american countries of group 1 of the SIR iber 2019 ranking

The production and dissemination of scientific documents from university education institutions in Andorra, Spain, Portugal, and Latin American countries based on research, innovation, and social impact measurement factors are shown in the SIR Iber reports. This paper analyzes and compares the percentage of patents requested by the Latin American countries of group 1 of the SIR Iber 2019 report, in order to contrast the results of the RICYT and the same SIR Iber 2019 report, through the databases of the WIPO PCT agreement and PATSTAT, respectively, as measures of the performance of each country in the development of patents. The countries are located in the same order: Spain, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina, from highest to lowest, according to the number of patents requested in the SIR Iber 2019 and RICYT report, although the percentage figures do not coincide, despite the fact that the WIPO PCT agreement uses as a source of statistical data extracted/compiled from the PATSTAT database. Furthermore, for Spain and Brazil, an annual decrease in the number of patents requested through the WIPO PCT agreement is predicted and, simultaneously, for Mexico, Chile, and Colombia, an increase per year is expected

Distribución espacial de brevipalpus phoenicis, vector de la leprosis de los cítricos en el cultivo de naranja valencia (citrus sinensis) en yopal, casanare (colombia)

Los cítricos son un renglón importante en la agricultura colombiana ya que generan cerca de cincuenta mil empleos. Brevipalpus phoenicis es catalogado como el principal vector de la leprosis de los cítricos, enfermedad de carácter viral que causa pérdidas de sesenta millones de dólares al año en Brasil. En Colombia la enfermedad se reportó por el ICA para los departamentos de Meta y Casanare. Con el objetivo de determinar la distribución espacial del vector de la leprosis se realizó un muestreo de B. phoenicis semanal durante los meses de febrero a abril del año 2006 (12 muestreos en el tiempo) en un cultivo de naranja Valencia en dos estratos del árbol (de 0 a 1,5 m y de 1,5 a 2,5 m de altura). Los datos se analizaron mediante una metodología geoestadística con el software Surfer 8 (Golden Software, 1997-2007) para determinar la distribución espacial del ácaro. Como resultado se obtuvieron 36 variogramas experimentales y 36 mapas de distribución espacial, para el periodo de duración del estudio. El ácaro tuvo un comportamiento inversamente proporcional a la precipitación ya que cuando comenzaron las lluvias su población disminuyó; así mismo el ácaro presentó un desplazamiento desde el estrato más húmedo del árbol hacia el más seco, lo que implica que el comportamiento del ácaro es dependiente tanto de la humedad relativa como de la precipitación. El patrón de distribución del ácaro se ajustó a un modelo lineal y se determinó la tendencia del vector hacia el costado más seco del lote

Contaminación bacteriológica en teléfonos celulares de trabajadores de la salud en ambiente clínico: revisión sistemática

A systematic review was carried out to identify microorganisms reported as contaminating. Publications were included between 2008 and 2018, using keywords like "health workers" and "cell phone", among others. Research and review of articles. The papers quality is evaluated through the checklist STROBE. Twenty-one articles were analyzed. In all studies, the presence of contamination in the cell phones of health workers was identified, with a median of 84.3%, highlighting the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (85.7%) and Escherichia coli (61.9%). It is concluded that the use of cell phones in the hospital environment by health workers is a potential source of transmission of microorganisms of clinical interest.  Se realizó una revisión sistemática para identificar microorganismos reportados como agentes contaminantes en teléfonos celulares de trabajadores de la salud, que realizan actividades en ambientes clínicos. Se incluyeron publicaciones entre 2008 y 2018, mediante búsqueda en seis bases de datos usando palabras clave como “nosocomial pathogen” "healthcare workers" y "cell phone", entre otros. Dos investigadores de forma independiente realizaron la búsqueda y revisión de artículos. La calidad de los mismos se evaluó mediante lista de chequeo STROBE. Veintiún artículos fueron analizados. En todos los estudios se identificó presencia de contaminación en los celulares de los trabajadores de la salud, con una mediana de 84,3%, resaltando la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus (85,7%) y Escherichia coli (61,9%). Se concluye que el uso de los teléfonos celulares en ambiente hospitalario por parte de los trabajadores de la salud se constituye en una fuente potencial de trasmisión de microorganismos de interés clínico

The LOC and the education in principles through the Ecuadorian social mediation on the digital communication practices

This research goal is to study how the LOC, current Organic Law of Communication, Officially Register Number 22 of June 25, 2013, is generating an important influence in the social change of the digital communicative practices and in the cyber-journalism. This article collects how the practice of the LOC established the communicative legal context for the dialog about human rights, democratic principles and values in Ecuador. For this purpose it was methodically observed the first page of the Ecuadorian digital journals from the weekly period of January 12 to the 16 of 2015 in order to conclude what were the news that respected or not the principles that are compiled on the articles of the LOC

High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not achieving complete response after induction chemotherapy. The GEL-TAMO experience

Background and objectives: patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) who do not obtain a complete response (CR) after induction chemotherapy have a poor prognosis. However, provided they are sensitive to the first regimen of chemotherapy, 25-40% of them with a B-cell phenotype may achieve long-term survival when treated with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT). The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of this therapy in the corresponding patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Design and methods: we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of ASCT in 35 patients with PTCL from the GEL-TAMO registry, who did not achieve a CR to standard induction chemotherapy regimens for aggressive NHL. Thirty-one patients underwent transplantation after achieving a partial response (PR) and 4 patients were non-responders. Results: following HDC/ASCT, 23 (66%) of the patients achieved a CR, 4 (11%) a PR and in 7 (20%) cases the transplant failed. One patient was not evaluated because of early toxic death. With a median follow-up of the survivors of 37.5 months, 18 patients (51%) are alive and 15 patients (43%) are free of disease. Transplant-related mortality rate at 100 days was 11% and at 5 years the probabilities of survival, freedom from progression and disease-free survival for complete responders were 37%, 36% and 55% respectively. Pre-transplant lactate-dehydrogenase level, age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aa-IPI) and tumor score correlated with survival. Interpretation and conclusions: one third of the patients with PTCL who fail to achieve CR to the first chemotherapeutic regimen can be rescued with HDC/ASCT. Pre-transplant values of IPI and tumor score risk systems for aggressive lymphomas were useful to predict subsequent survival

Detection of Babesia spp. in High Altitude Cattle in Ecuador, Possible Evidence of the Adaptation of Vectors and Diseases to New Climatic Conditions

Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoa, distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, causing anemic diseases in many animals, including cattle. This disease, called babesisosis, is transmitted from one animal to another through ticks (Tick Borne-Disease or TBD). On the other hand, Ecuador has a tropical climate that allows the development of the vector Rhipicephalus microplus, and therefore favors the transmission of Babesia spp. in cattle. Methods and principal findings: We determined the presence of Babesia spp. by PCR using 18s ribosomal gene as target (18s PCR) in 20 farms in the area of El Carmen (zone below 300 m above sea level) and 1 farm in Quito (2469 m.a.s.l.). In addition, we analyzed parameters such as age, sex, and packed cell volume (PCV) as explanatory variable associated with the disease. Results: The 18s PCR test showed that 18.94% (14.77% Babesia bovis and 4.17% Babesia bigemina) and 20.28% (14.69% B. bovis and 5.59% B. bigemina) of the cattle were positive for Babesia spp in farms sampled in El Carmen and in Quito, respectively. Age influenced the presence of animals positive for Babesia spp., but sex and PCV did not. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences showed 4 isolates of B. bovis and 3 isolates of B. bigemina in the 2 study zones, with similarities between 99.73 and 100% with other sequences. One B. bovis isolate was similar in the zone of El Carmen and Quito. Conclusion and significance: This work is the first molecular characterization of B. bigemina and B. bovis in Ecuador, and it is also the first evidence of Babesia spp. in cattle in the area of Quito at an altitude of 2469 m.a.s.l., being the highest altitude reported for animals with babesiosis and for the tick R. microplus. Climatic factors as well as mobility of tick-carrying animals without any control allow the presence of Babesiosis outbreaks in new geographical areas

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis