Lotsen für die Weiterbildung: drei Säulen von Bildungsberatung in und um Aachen

Wie kann eine flächendeckende Weiterbildungsberatung aufgebaut werden, die professionelle und ehrenamtliche Strukturen verzahnt und möglichst diejenigen Bevölkerungsgruppen in die Beratung holt, denen der Weg dorthin nicht lohnend oder zu schwierig erscheint? In der Lernen-vor-Ort-Kommune StädteRegion Aachen hat das Bildungsbüro ein Drei-Säulen-Modell entwickelt, in dessen Fokus der Ausbau ortsnaher Beratungsangebote und eine neue Idee der Zielgruppenansprache stehen

Joint velocity and density reconstruction of the Universe with nonlinear differentiable forward modeling

Reconstructing the initial conditions of the Universe from late-time observations has the potential to optimally extract cosmological information. Due to the high dimensionality of the parameter space, a differentiable forward model is needed for convergence, and recent advances have made it possible to perform reconstruction with nonlinear models based on galaxy (or halo) positions. In addition to positions, future surveys will provide measurements of galaxies' peculiar velocities through the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (kSZ), type Ia supernovae, and the fundamental plane or Tully-Fisher relations. Here we develop the formalism for including halo velocities, in addition to halo positions, to enhance the reconstruction of the initial conditions. We show that using velocity information can significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy compared to using only the halo density field. We study this improvement as a function of shot noise, velocity measurement noise, and angle to the line of sight. We also show how halo velocity data can be used to improve the reconstruction of the final nonlinear matter overdensity and velocity fields. We have built our pipeline into the differentiable Particle-Mesh FlowPM package, paving the way to perform field-level cosmological inference with joint velocity and density reconstruction. This is especially useful given the increased ability to measure peculiar velocities in the near future.Comment: 12+5 pages, 8 figure

Habitual Green Kiwifruit Consumption Is Associated with a Reduction in Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Scoping Review

Kiwifruit have known positive effects on digestion. During clinical intervention trials using kiwifruit to improve constipation, upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and pain, indigestion, and reflux were also alleviated. We aimed to evaluate the evidence for upper GI symptom relief by kiwifruit in clinical trials on participants with functional constipation (FC), irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), and healthy participants, and to elucidate which symptoms may be relieved and whether a difference exists between the effects of gold and green kiwifruit. We executed a systematic scoping review of 3 electronic databases from 1947 through January 2021 to identify clinical trials that reported effects of green or gold kiwifruit or kiwifruit compounds on upper GI symptoms as secondary outcomes in healthy participants or participants with FC or IBS-C. Studies were divided into those using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and those using alternative measurement tools. GSRS outcomes were pooled and statistically analyzed; non-GSRS outcomes were summarized. We identified 12 clinical trials with a total of 661 participants (124 controls, 537 receiving intervention) providing evidence for symptom relief of upper GI symptoms by kiwifruit intake. Only 5 of the 12 clinical trials used the GSRS to assess upper GI symptom relief. We found good evidence that green kiwifruit may reduce abdominal discomfort and pain, and some evidence that kiwifruit consumption may attenuate indigestion. Pooled GSRS outcome analysis indicates an average reduction of -0.85 (95% CI: -1.1, -0.57; Z = 6.1) in abdominal pain scores and -0.33 (95% CI: -0.52, -0.15; Z = -3.5) in indigestion scores with habitual kiwifruit consumption. While the number of studies reporting on upper GI symptom relief with a comparable measurement is limited, there is consistent evidence for the efficacy of kiwifruit on upper GI symptom relief. More research to strengthen the evidence is recommended.Statement of Significance: This is the first review showing evidence that habitual consumption of kiwifruit may improve upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and dyspepsia

DIRETRIZES BÁSICAS PARA O FUNCIONAMENTO DE UMA ACADEMIA DE GINÁSTICA

A sociedade atual mostra-se mais preocupada com a estética, com a saúde e com a qualidade de vida do que há tempos atrás. Se nos anos 70 a academia era um estabelecimento simples, hoje crescem o número das academias oferecem do além dos diversos exercícios físicos, nutricionista, fisioterapeuta, loja e lanchonete. Diante das expectativas de crescimento do setor de academia de ginástica teve-se como principal objetivo apresentar procedimentos, critérios, documentação e legislação necessárias para o funcionamento de uma academia de ginástic. O trabalho apresentou caráter qualitativo e foi desenvolvido através de pesquisa bibliográfica, sites da internet e projetos das melhores academias de ginástica existentes no Brasil. Pode-se perceber que montar um empreendimento como uma academia de ginástica faz-se necessário, e que este possui caráter promissor, pois hoje os clientes, não só buscam qualidade física, mas qualidade de vida e saúde, garantindo retomo dos investimentos. O planejamento é de fundamental importância para o sucesso e crescimento da empresa, pois através dele é possível analisar a renda, idade, classe social dos futuros consumidores e a partir daí definir o mercado a ser atingido. Dedicação ao marketing, cuidados com a estrutura do local, aulas de ginástica de fácil assimilação são retorno garantido para esse empreendimento. Verificou-se também a importância de um professor especializado na área de educação fisica preparado para atender as necessidades do aluno e consciente do propósito da academia, pois, na academia se trabalha com pessoas e com o corpo dessas pessoas além de que, o professor não é simplesmente um professor, é um vendedor. Professor-vendedor e aluno-cliente em um ambiente onde a mercadoria exerce a função sedutora de atração e conquista

Educação estatística: perspectivas e desafios

As transformações sociais, econômicas, demográficas e de meio ambiente que ocorrem diariamenteno planeta exigem para qualquer indivíduo, seja qual for seu tipo de trabalho ou área deatuação, um conhecimento básico de Estatística. Este fato há alguns anos vem mobilizando a comunidadecientífica na área de educação matemática a desenvolver estudos e pesquisas que têm porobjetivo a preparação dos professores do ensino fundamental e médio para lecionar conteúdos deestatística em suas aulas.Tal foi a importância e a relevância destes estudos no aprimoramento daformação dos alunos, que hoje já se fala em Educação Estatística, um conceito que envolve nãosomente o ensino das técnicas de estatística e probabilidade, bem como a sua relação com outrasáreas do conhecimento. Este artigo tem por objetivo traçar aspectos relevantes da Estatística e suahistória, bem como discutir a preparação dos professores de matemática para o ensino desta ciência.Palavras-chave: estatística, educação estatística.The social, economic, demographic and environmental transformations that happen daily inour planet demand a basic knowledge of Statistics. This fact has mobilized the scientific communityof mathematical education’s area to develop studies and researches for help teachers of fundamentaland medium levels to prepare classes. The importance and the relevance of these studies in theimprovement of students’ formation was very important, that nowadays, there is an area called StatisticsEducation, a concept that concerns not only the teaching of the statistics techniques and probability,but its relation with other areas. This paper aims to show important aspects of the Statistics and itshistory, as well as to analyze the mathematics teachers’ preparation for the teaching of this science

Soft X-ray spectroscopy as a probe for gas-phase protein structure:Electron impact ionization from within

Preservation of protein conformation upon transfer into the gas‐phase is key for structure determination of free single molecules, e.g. using X‐ray free‐electron lasers. In the gas phase, the helicity of melittin decreases strongly as the protein's protonation state increases. We demonstrate the sensitivity of soft X‐ray spectroscopy to the gas phase conformation of melittin cations ([melittin+qH]q+, q=2‐4) in a cryogenic linear radiofrequency ion trap. With increasing helicity we observe a decrease of the dominating carbon 1s‐* transition in the amide C=O bonds for non‐dissociative single ionization and an increase for non‐dissociative double ionization. As the underlying mechanism we identify inelastic electron scattering. Using an independent atom model we show that the more compact nature of the helical protein conformation substantially increases the probability for off‐site intramolecular ionization by inelastic Auger electron scattering

The Timing of Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neurons Is Crucial for Spatial Memory

Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays a critical role in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning. It remains unknown, however, how new neurons become functionally integrated into spatial circuits and contribute to hippocampus-mediated forms of learning and memory. To investigate these issues, we used a mouse model in which the differentiation of adult-generated dentate gyrus neurons can be anticipated by conditionally expressing the pro-differentiative gene PC3 (Tis21/BTG2) in nestin-positive progenitor cells. In contrast to previous studies that affected the number of newly generated neurons, this strategy selectively changes their timing of differentiation. New, adult-generated dentate gyrus progenitors, in which the PC3 transgene was expressed, showed accelerated differentiation and significantly reduced dendritic arborization and spine density. Functionally, this genetic manipulation specifically affected different hippocampus-dependent learning and memory tasks, including contextual fear conditioning, and selectively reduced synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Morphological and functional analyses of hippocampal neurons at different stages of differentiation, following transgene activation within defined time-windows, revealed that the new, adult-generated neurons up to 3–4 weeks of age are required not only to acquire new spatial information but also to use previously consolidated memories. Thus, the correct unwinding of these key memory functions, which can be an expression of the ability of adult-generated neurons to link subsequent events in memory circuits, is critically dependent on the correct timing of the initial stages of neuron maturation and connection to existing circuits

Integrated Heart - Coupling multiscale and multiphysics models for the simulation of the cardiac function

Mathematical modelling of the human heart and its function can expand our understanding of various cardiac diseases, which remain the most common cause of death in the developed world. Like other physiological systems, the heart can be understood as a complex multiscale system involving interacting phenomena at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. This article addresses the numerical modelling of many aspects of heart function, including the interaction of the cardiac electrophysiology system with contractile muscle tissue, the sub-cellular activation-contraction mechanisms, as well as the hemodynamics inside the heart chambers. Resolution of each of these sub-systems requires separate mathematical analysis and specially developed numerical algorithms, which we review in detail. By using specific sub-systems as examples, we also look at systemic stability, and explain for example how physiological concepts such as microscopic force generation in cardiac muscle cells, translate to coupled systems of differential equations, and how their stability properties influence the choice of numerical coupling algorithms. Several numerical examples illustrate three fundamental challenges of developing multiphysics and multiscale numerical models for simulating heart function, namely: (i) the correct upscaling from single-cell models to the entire cardiac muscle, (ii) the proper coupling of electrophysiology and tissue mechanics to simulate electromechanical feedback, and (iii) the stable simulation of ventricular hemodynamics during rapid valve opening and closure